main body
1. Text description
In order to achieve the purpose of clear hierarchy and clear context, the text is often divided into several large paragraphs. These paragraphs are called logical segments, and a logical segment can contain several small logical segments, and a small logical segment can contain one or several natural segments, so that the text forms several levels. The level of the paper should not be too much, generally not more than five levels.
refer to
1. standardization of references and their functions
In order to reflect the scientific basis of the article, the author should respect the seriousness of other people's research results and provide readers with the sources of relevant information. Generally, a list of references should be listed at the end of the text.
Citation should be based on original documents and first-hand information. All quotations from other people's opinions or words, whether published or not, whether printed or electronic, must indicate the source or be annotated. All references should be truthfully stated. The introduction, comments, quotations and annotations of existing academic achievements should be objective, fair and accurate. False labeling, forgery and tampering with documents are all academic misconduct.
Express gratitude/gratitude
A scientific research achievement or technological innovation is often not accomplished by one person, but also needs the support and help of human, financial and material resources from all sides. So many papers have listed "thanks" at the end. I am mainly grateful for the help I got in the process of completing my thesis, which is a sign of humility and courtesy in academic circles.
Voluntary registration system
The copyright of a paper should be registered voluntarily, and whether the paper is registered or not will not affect the copyright obtained by the author or other copyright owners according to law. The voluntary registration system of works in China is to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of authors or other copyright owners and users of works, help to solve copyright disputes caused by copyright ownership, and provide preliminary evidence for solving copyright disputes.
Benchmark format
(1) The references at the end of the article are not numbered, but arranged in order of importance or references.
(2) No page number is indicated in the references.
(3) The description items and order of the references are basically the same as the notes.
1) Recording references can reflect the author's scientific attitude and the true and extensive scientific basis of the paper, as well as the starting point and depth of the paper.
2) Recording references can easily distinguish the author's achievements from those of predecessors.
3) References can serve as an index.
4) Recording references helps to save the length of the paper.
5) Recording references is helpful for scientific and technological information personnel to carry out information research and abstract quantitative research.
In order to explore and master the writing rules and characteristics of papers, it is necessary to classify papers. Because the content and nature of the paper itself are different, the research fields, objects, methods and expressions are different, and the classification methods of the paper are also different.
Papers can be divided into theoretical papers, experimental papers, descriptive papers and design papers according to the nature of content and research methods.
There is also a comprehensive classification, which divides papers into four categories: thematic, argumentative, comprehensive and comprehensive:
Theme type
Based on the analysis of previous research results, this paper expresses opinions in the form of direct discussion and puts forward academic problems of a certain subject from the front.
Debate type
This is a paper aimed at others' views on an academic problem of a certain subject, with sufficient arguments, focusing on exposing its shortcomings or mistakes, and expressing opinions through debate.
Summary type
This is a kind of paper that introduces or comments on an academic problem of a certain subject on the basis of summarizing the research results of predecessors or present people to express their opinions.
Synthetic type
This is a paper written by organically combining summary and demonstration.
Academic paper
An academic thesis written by a degree applicant is called a degree thesis. This kind of thesis is an important condition for evaluating whether an applicant can be awarded a degree.
Degree applicants will be awarded if they can pass the required course examinations and pass the thesis examination and defense. If a degree applicant passes the course examination, but his thesis is judged unqualified in the defense, then he will not be awarded the degree.
A graduation thesis that is qualified to apply for a degree and written for it is called a dissertation and a bachelor's dissertation. A bachelor's degree thesis is both a degree thesis and a graduation thesis.