Microsoft is a successful enterprise, which has made great contributions to the new American economy in the 1990s. However, Microsoft still encountered a monopoly case. For emerging industries and enterprises that have a great impact on economic growth, the government does not relax its anti-monopoly behavior. In June 2000, the local court judge ruled that Microsoft was divided into two independent companies. The government split Microsoft in order to protect market competition. Microsoft refused to accept the appeal. As a result, although Microsoft was not split, the court of appeal confirmed the fact that Microsoft monopolized the market and violated the US antitrust law. Case problem: (1) The Microsoft monopoly case reflects the fierce competition among monopoly enterprises. What do you think is the reason why monopoly and competition coexist? (2) What economic principles can you learn from the Microsoft monopoly case? 1. The answer is simple: (1) The coexistence of monopoly and competition under contemporary state monopoly capitalism will not change. The fundamental reasons are as follows: first, monopoly or state monopoly has not eliminated the motivation and foundation of competition. Second, there is no "absolute monopoly". Third, major changes and innovations in science and technology are important factors to stimulate monopoly competition. (2) We can understand the following economic principles: technological innovation is the core of enterprise competition; Expanding market share is an important way for enterprises to pursue profit maximization; Monopoly cannot eliminate competition, and monopoly and competition coexist; Modern market economy is the combination of government macro-control and market economy; The government's anti-monopoly behavior shows that market mechanism is the main way of resource allocation in market economy countries. From June 5 to February 2000, the Shenzhen Municipal Government issued the Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting the Distribution System Combining Distribution according to Work and Distribution according to Production Factors, which was a major breakthrough in the reform of Shenzhen's distribution system. The Guiding Opinions clearly put forward some policy opinions on the participation of capital, management and technology in the distribution of state-owned enterprises. Emphasize the liberalization of employee shareholding ratio and industry restrictions. In addition, the wage distribution of policy monopoly enterprises that have obtained excessive monopoly profits is regulated and controlled, and the "national wage control line" is implemented to prevent excessive growth. For public welfare enterprises such as power supply, water supply and public transportation that affect the national economy and people's livelihood, "the average wage of employees is not lower than the average wage of society"; For high-tech enterprises, the wage level is allowed to be higher than that of ordinary enterprises. Case problem: please analyze the reasons for the reform of distribution system in the above cases according to the knowledge learned in this chapter. (1) Under the conditions of socialist market economy, especially in the primary stage of socialism, the level of social productivity and social development is not high, and there is no single distribution according to work condition. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of owners of various factors of production and effectively allocate social resources, we must actively develop a variety of distribution methods with distribution according to work as the main body and combine distribution according to factors of production. (2) When dealing with the relationship between distribution according to work and distribution according to factors, we should insist that distribution according to work is the main body in the whole national income distribution, and the scope and quantity of distribution according to work are the main body, thus ensuring the nature of the socialist distribution system and the direction of socialism. ⑶ In the non-public economy, the economy adopts the mode of distribution according to production factors, which broadens the scope and types of factor distribution. Even in the public sector of the economy, distribution according to factors, such as employee stock ownership dividends and operator's risk income, should be properly adopted to mobilize the enthusiasm of producers and operators. Follow-up: Is this question possible? Is it our examination scope? A: China's telecom management system and operation mechanism have undergone profound changes, and the market competition pattern has initially taken shape. The original China Telecom was split into three companies. In this way, developed telecom companies and group companies such as China Telecom, China Unicom, China Mobile, Netcom, Jitong, Satellite and Tietong have been formed. Initially formed a hierarchical competition pattern in the telecommunications market. Take the road of scale operation and strengthen the control of state-owned capital. China Telecom implemented the development strategy of large-scale and collectivization of key enterprises, which quickly enhanced the control of state-owned assets. By 2000, the top 100 electronic enterprises, mainly state-owned and state-controlled enterprises, accounted for 30% of the total enterprises in the whole industry, but the sales revenue and profits and taxes accounted for 76% and 7 1% respectively. There are 13 enterprises with sales exceeding 30 billion yuan, and 75 enterprises with sales exceeding 10 billion yuan. Resources and economic advantages are further concentrated in large enterprises, and state-owned and state-holding enterprises have become the leading forces in the electronic information industry. Case question: (1) What is the general form of state monopoly economy? (2) What is the role of monopoly economy in socialist countries in the development of socialist economy? (1) The general forms of state monopoly economy are: state natural monopoly economy, state market monopoly economy and state administrative monopoly economy. (2) Monopoly economy exists in a certain range in socialist countries. Firstly, it supports the coordinated development of socialist economy. Second, it plays a guiding role in the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure of the whole national economy; Third, it has a leading role in technological progress and economic quality improvement; Fourth, it has a stable effect on the operation of the whole national economy; Fifth, it is conducive to ensuring the direction of the socialist market economy; Sixth, adjust the contradictions of the market economy itself, restrain the negative effects of the market economy, and create good conditions for market competition and the normal operation of the market economy. (3) The aspects that need to be avoided in the development of monopoly economy in socialist countries: First, it weakens the motivation of production technology progress to a certain extent; Second, it may hinder the development of other small and medium-sized enterprises. Supplement: I don't know, this is a composition question written by our school teacher, only referring to the way of solving problems! Follow-up: Are you also attending an adult university? Answer: It is not the political economy of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, but our national excellent course! Follow-up: I don't know which question to take, nor can I use all the answers. I have no feeling about this problem. What should I do? There are many scores, so I have to write. Answer: Essay questions generally have two forms: 1. Discuss and answer the material. This kind of question type can be analyzed according to the materials first and then combined with the knowledge points, without too much expansion. Finally, you can play freely and express your personal views. Answer the questions instead of giving the material, which is a complete backrest function. We took a final exam (What is the current distribution mode in China? Why use this method? ) It's usually in books, you just have to write it down. Answer in the form of total score!

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