Bai Juyi's definition of leisure poetry in Jiu Shu Tong Yuan is: "Those who retire from public office and live alone, or those who move away from illness and enjoy leisure, are content with peace and love." [1] Therefore, Bai Juyi's so-called leisure poems should be a contented and peaceful aesthetic experience when a person is alone and doing nothing, and this emotional experience should be recorded in the form of poems. Leisure is the premise and foundation of fitness, and fitness is the purpose and destination of leisure. Leisure and fitness are integrated and cannot be completely separated. In Bai Juyi's leisure poems, "leisure" can be divided into four levels.

(1) leisure. Leisure is the premise of leisure thought. The tranquility and leisure of the external environment can lead to inner peace and make people forget or temporarily escape from the hustle and bustle of the secular world. No matter where he is, Bai Juyi always tries his best to create a quiet living environment for himself. In the capital, he and Yuan Zhen studied behind closed doors at Huayang Temple in Yongchongli. After renting a house in Xinchang Square, the room was named "Song House"; After moving to Xuanpingfang, it was carefully arranged; When he was relegated to Jiangzhou, he built a legacy thatched cottage in Lushan, with an elegant environment; After returning to Beijing, I bought a house in Xinchang Square with elegant rooms. When I was working in Luoyang, I built a white house on the trail and lived here for a long time in my later years. Later, this place became a famous garden building. He planted trees and flowers in front of his living room, built terraces and pavilions to create a quiet world for himself; Whether working in Beijing or being demoted as an official, he has left his footprints wherever there are places of interest, mountains and rivers. He seeks inner peace and openness in the beautiful nature. In his works, the description of leisure can be seen everywhere:

Yongchong Lane is quiet, Huayang Garden is quiet. There are no cars everywhere and flowers everywhere. ("Yong Chong Li Guan Luo")

The wind and bamboo are scattered and the rhyme is clear, and the smoke locust is green. When the sun rises, officials go to Portsmouth to sit around. ("The Butler Watching Pavilion")

(2) carefree. People's life includes material life and spiritual life. Physical leisure belongs to the level of material satisfaction, that is, having leisure time without worrying about food and clothing. In Bai Juyi's early leisure poems, he often took pains to show the attitude of pursuing sensory pleasure and emotional comfort, describing the triviality and satisfaction of material life, and his own food, clothing, housing, transportation and salary often appeared in his works. "He often plays up the laziness of daily life and the quick restraint of limbs, and entrusts himself with spiritual happiness and satisfaction." [2] He often sets off his leisure by writing about the busyness of others, so as to seek inner balance and comfort himself to reality.

Vanity Fair, the imperial capital, has nothing to show off. Lazy people don't comb at night. (Living in Changle)

The salary is 40,000 to 50,000, and you can go to school in the morning. Lu Lu has two hundred stones, and when he is 20 years old, he can make a profit. Cangcha # ā frozen households is Cao's ambition ").

(3) inner leisure. Spiritual leisure is a spiritual realm that transcends physical leisure, and it is a state of mind that transcends worldly desires and experiences harmony. Harmony is an important category of China's traditional aesthetics. Bai Juyi's so-called "maintaining harmony" mainly refers to the aesthetic subject's maintaining a harmonious aesthetic state of mind. It not only emphasizes the moderation of aesthetic psychology, but also fundamentally pays attention to the softness and gentleness of emotions, emphasizing that it is a kind of personality cultivation. Bai Juyi purified and sublimated his feelings in contentment, and gradually achieved the super-utilitarian indifference of Taoism and the desire of Buddhism. [3] From material leisure to spiritual leisure, it is from material to spiritual promotion.

Sitting in Panasonic all day, sometimes in Chi Pan. Standing and sitting, there is no camp in the middle. ("Huai")

Or a poem, or a cup of tea. Nothing in body and mind is as wide as an empty boat. ("Italy")

The fourth is to forget to be comfortable. This is the highest state of Tao. Bai Juyi expressed his yearning and pursuit for the realm of "forgetting me" in the poem "A few secluded poems": "The body forgets four branches, and the mind forgets right and wrong; I feel comfortable and forget my comfort. I don't know who I am. Everything is like a log, but I don't know anything. My heart is dying, and there is nothing to think about. Today is tomorrow, and my body and mind are suddenly left behind. " Although Bai Juyi's works are not everywhere, when he no longer pays attention to personal poverty, he appreciates the beauty of nature and feels the true meaning of life with a peaceful heart, instead of deliberately pursuing the realm of fitness, he shows the realm of "selfless fitness" from time to time in his works.