Population, resources and environment are the three major problems facing the world today, and water resource is an irreplaceable important resource among all kinds of resources. Therefore, to a certain extent, saving water resources is very important. At present, the over-exploitation of mine resources in China has a direct impact on groundwater resources, and in the process of mining, it will also cause waste of water resources, cause surface collapse, destroy water quality and water cycle, and the effect is unimaginable.
1. Overexploitation of mines has destroyed the ecological balance of biological communities.
In recent years, the high-intensity exploitation of mineral resources in China has brought a series of environmental problems, resulting in large-scale destruction and collapse of the ground, depletion of groundwater resources and serious air and water pollution in mining areas. Because mining wasteland has many bad physical and chemical properties, especially the high content of heavy metals, and the pollution process of toxic heavy metals in soil system is hidden, long-term and irreversible, it often has a great impact on water resources and ecological environment in surrounding areas. Such as destroying land resources, leading to the deterioration of ecological environment, destroying water balance, aggravating water crisis, endangering human health, destroying the ecological balance and biodiversity of biological communities, etc.
The total amount of water resources in China is not rich, and the regional distribution is unbalanced. With the increase of population, the per capita water resources are small. Especially in some parts of northwest China, water shortage is serious, which not only brings inconvenience to people's lives, but also affects the local economic development to a certain extent. Therefore, saving water resources is very important. The over-exploitation of mineral resources in China has had an important impact on water resources. Strengthening the research and analysis of the influence of mining on groundwater resources, water cycle, water level and water quality has certain practical significance for protecting water resources in mining areas.
2. The impact of mining on groundwater resources
Mining has a great influence on groundwater resources, and now water resources are decreasing day by day. It is of great significance to pay attention to the influence of mining on groundwater resources, find out the existing problems and corresponding treatment methods, and ensure the local people's production and domestic water and regional agricultural water.
2. 1 Impact of mining on water resources and water resources circulation
2. 1. 1 Impact of mining on water resources
In the process of mining, the surface structure of the mining area will be affected, and due to over-mining, the surface will sink or crack. In this case, it will have a serious impact on local water resources and its circulation system, making it difficult for groundwater resources to renew themselves. Its influence is mainly reflected in two aspects: ① Surface cracks will transform surface water into groundwater during mining, and the speed of this transformation will be accelerated. In some mining areas, a large amount of rainwater will seep into the ground with surface cracks in the rainy season, resulting in a decrease in surface water storage, and surface water will be continuously pumped out during mining. (2) When mining, the mine needs drainage, and the changes caused by open-pit mining will aggravate the loss of surface water resources and groundwater resources and affect the water balance in the mining area. At this time, the surface water resources and groundwater resources in the mining area are decreasing, which reduces the utilization rate and storage capacity of water resources.
2. 1.2 Impact of mining on water resources circulation
The impact of mining on local water resources circulation is mainly reflected in the impact on water resources self-renewal, which is destroyed by mining. Water resources circulation system in mining process
Rebuild, rebuild a faster and more complicated water circulation system, which violates the laws of nature. (1) pumping the groundwater dry before mining will reduce the reserves of groundwater resources to a certain extent, and make surface water penetrate into the ground, breaking the water balance system, leading to the continuous reduction of surface water resources and reducing the evaporation consumption of surface water. (2) In the process of mining, the structure of the mine surface will also change, which will intensify the infiltration of surface water into the underground and further reduce the reserves of surface water. The above factors have caused serious damage to the groundwater circulation system. (3) Mine drainage will also affect the runoff of groundwater, which will make the water resources circulation system in the mining area more complicated.
2.2 Impact of mining on local aquifer water level and groundwater quality
2.2. 1 Impact of mining on local aquifer water level
In the process of mining, the surface structure will change and the original mechanical balance will be affected. In this case, when the geological structure is unstable, the overlying strata will be displaced or fractured, the water stored in its aquifer will flow, and the groundwater level in the mining area will drop. This driving reaction is a chain reaction, which will directly affect the well water level in this area, and the decline of well water level will have a great impact on local agriculture and domestic water consumption. When mining, relevant personnel should use professional knowledge to control the change of groundwater level and reduce the impact of mining on local people's lives.
2.2.2 Impact of mining on local groundwater quality
In recent years, China's environmental problems have been paid more and more attention, especially the pollution and influence of some mines on water resources, which has attracted the attention of relevant departments. This kind of pollution not only has an irreversible impact on the lives of local residents and local economic construction, but also seriously violates the development trend of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The pollution of mining to water resources is mainly reflected in the waste rock and tailings discharged during mining, which is polluting and influential. These situations occur because the local decision-making departments blindly pursue the interests in the region and ignore the understanding of the consequences of resource destruction. The management of the mining area is relatively backward, which makes the pollutants in the mining area discharged at will, polluting the water resources and damaging the personal health of local residents. Water pollution is a big problem, which we must attach great importance to.
Generally speaking, the pollution of water resources in the mining process is mainly reflected in the following two aspects: ① The discharge of mining waste causes pollution to local water resources. Waste rock from mining will undergo oxidation reaction and decompose many acidic substances due to long-term immersion in rainwater or other water sources. If this substance is mixed into the local water resources system, it will do harm to local residents. (2) Mine water produced by mining will also pollute water resources. Mine water contains a lot of organic matter, and some of its bacteria and minerals are alkaline and some are acidic. No matter which state, if it is discharged into the surface or groundwater, it will cause pollution. The self-circulation of water resources in natural ecosystems will aggravate this pollution. Therefore, the pollution of water resources must be controlled in the mining process to reduce pollution.
3. Countermeasures to optimize the adverse effects of mining on groundwater resources
3. 1 Seriously implement laws and regulations
Local government departments at all levels should strictly implement the laws and regulations on environmental and water resources protection. In the process of mining, the competent departments of local governments at all levels shall strictly enforce the laws and regulations on environmental and water resources protection. In the process of mining, measures should be taken to avoid pollution of water resources. In the process of project examination and approval, the relevant examination and approval departments of coal and nonferrous metal mining should take the environmental quality report of mining as the key examination object, minimize the impact on water resources in the process of mining, and ensure that the circulation system of water resources itself is not destroyed and mining does not cause pollution.
3.2 improve the comprehensive utilization of groundwater resources
In order to reduce the impact of mining on groundwater resources, strict water resources protection measures should be taken. Use scientific methods to improve the utilization rate of mining water, and treat a large amount of wastewater and sewage produced in the mining process and the drainage of some mines to improve the utilization rate of wastewater.
3.3 the establishment of water resources impact compensation mechanism
The Water Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) has detailed explanations and regulations on groundwater depletion, water level decline and underground collapse caused by mineral exploitation and some underground engineering construction. Mining enterprises must take corresponding measures to remedy the above problems when mining. Government departments at all levels must strictly control the mining behavior in accordance with the relevant provisions, and establish a compensation mechanism for the impact of local mine exploitation of groundwater resources according to the actual situation.
3.4 Utilization of protective mining technology of groundwater resources
This method means that when mining a deposit, only a part of the deposit is mined, and the rest of the deposit is used to control the movement of roof strata. This can reduce the height of water-conducting fracture zone and realize the protection of water resources. Commonly used technologies include room mining, strip mining, pillar mining and limited thickness mining.
3.5 The ecological management of soil and water conservation after mining can completely protect groundwater resources.
After large-scale mining, it will inevitably leave bare mountains. Because the soil is barren, the mountain will collapse after being washed by rain, and the soil will be desertification, so ecological control must be carried out. It is particularly important to note that some local plant species will not survive because of the change of soil conditions after mining, and the purpose of management is to establish a natural ecology that can realize the original vegetation function. In this case, it is necessary to introduce plant species similar to the original plants from outside the mining area, which can survive in soil types, water conditions and species suitable for greening land, so as to control and restore mine vegetation and further protect groundwater resources.
4. Conclusion
To sum up, it is a long-term and systematic work to strictly monitor and manage exploitation and prevent over-exploitation from damaging groundwater resources, which must be paid enough attention by the government and society. Scientific and orderly management of over-exploitation of mines and effective protection of groundwater resources are the fundamental guarantee for building a sustainable development society.
refer to
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[3] He Chuntian. Analysis of the Impact of Coal Mining on Groundwater [J]. Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection, 20 13 (7): 29
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