Senior one Chinese requires a knowledge point of classical Chinese 1
Classical Chinese notional words
Xěng Classical Chinese Translation X ρ ng; Stand up. "Persuade to Learn": "The accumulated soil makes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous."
On the translation of classical Chinese: approaching; Trend. "Persuade to Learn": "If you have a rope, you will be straight, and gold will be beneficial."
Looking forward to the translation of classical Chinese; Look into the distance. "Persuade to Learn": "I have tasted it and looked forward to it. I might as well learn from it."
The translation of long classical Chinese is long, rather than short. "Persuade to Learn": "Climb high and recruit, the arm is not lengthened, and the people you see are far away."
Classical vocabulary
and
1. table modification relation. "Persuade": "I've been thinking about it all day."
2. Represents a progressive relationship. "Persuasion": "A gentleman is knowledgeable ~ Japanese ginseng saves himself."
3. Table hypothetical relationship. Perseverance: "A stone can be carved. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved. "
how
(1) is a compound word, which is equivalent to "so" and "Yu Zhi". "Encourage Learning": "Accumulated soil makes mountains, and wind and rain make the country prosperous ~"
what
( 1)& lt； Introduce the object of comparison, which can be translated as "comparison". "Encourage Learning": "Ice, water for it, but cold ~ water."
There are also modal particles used in sentences.
1. Statement or explanation. "Persuade to Learn": "Gentlemen are born different ~, and being good at personal leave ~"
Hu is equivalent to Yu.
1. conjunction, progressive. "Persuade": "A gentleman is knowledgeable and self-taught."
about
( 1)& lt； Help > symbol after attribute. "Persuasion": "Earthworms have no claws ~ benefits."
Common words
A scoop is a wheel, and its curve is regular (scoop leads to kneading, and wood is bent by fire).
Life is different (fate, "sex", qualification, talent)
Although there is a crisis, those who no longer stand up ("yes" means "again") are increasing. Violence is the same as "exposure" and drying. )
There is nothing wrong with knowing and doing ("knowledge" leads to "wisdom")
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
1. erudite ancient meaning: learn from others and learn from others. Example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and helps himself by taking part in daily activities.
Modern significance: profound knowledge and knowledge.
2. refer to the ancient meaning: test. Example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and helps himself by taking part in daily activities.
Meaning: join.
3. False ancient meaning: relying on, relying on. For example, a fake rider.
Modern significance: as opposed to "truth".
4. Jinguyi: A sword made of metal. Exodus: If gold is sharp, it will benefit.
Meaning: gold, gold.
5. The ancient meaning of Minions: claws and teeth. Example: Earthworms have no advantage over their minions.
Modern significance: henchmen and accomplices of bad guys.
6. The ancient meaning of the heart: because of the heart. For example, wholeheartedly.
Modern meaning: study hard or be willing to think about something.
7. The ancient meaning of rope: ink line. Exodus: Wood is straight when tied with rope.
Meaning: rope, rope.
8. Begging for the ancient meaning: legs and feet. Example: The crab kneels six times and pinches twice.
Today: kneel down
9. The ancient meaning of illness: illness is vigorous and powerful, which means loud voice. Example: sound does not add disease.
Modern significance: disease
10. Reaching the ancient meaning: reaching (and reaching thousands of miles)
Gift meaning: give, give
1 1. Entrust the ancient meaning: this refers to hiding (the person who has nothing to place in the snake eel cave)
Modern meaning: refers to some dependence of mind and spirit.
Flexible use of parts of speech
Noun as adverbial
1. A gentleman is knowledgeable, but he saves himself by going to Japan (Japan: a masterpiece, every day).
2. Eat dirt and drink yellow water (up and down: masterpiece, up and down)
② Nouns as verbs
People who pretend to be ships can't swim (water: a noun used as a verb to swim)
③ Causative usage of verbs.
When the wood is straight in the middle of the rope, it is considered as a wheel.
4 adjectives as nouns.
1. Rules in its music (music: names of shapes, curvatures and radians)
2. Climbing move, the arm is not lengthened (height: name, height)
3. Accumulate goodness into virtue (goodness: make a name for yourself, do good deeds and accumulate virtue)
⑤ Adjectives are used as verbs
So the wood tied to the rope is straight (straight: straight, adjective as verb)
⑥ Adjectives act as verbs.
Cheating horses is not good enough.
⑦ Numbers as adjectives.
Single-minded (one: numerals are used as adjectives, single-minded)
8 verbs as nouns
Without streams, there would be no rivers and oceans (streams: running water)
polysemy
1. Open:
(1) specific water cooling (ratio)
(2) goodness is false to things. Introduction)
(3) change it from blue (from)
2. and:
(1) A gentleman is knowledgeable, while Japanese scholars save themselves (progressive relationship, and)
(2) It's not too much to do what you know (coordinating relationships, and)
(3) Thinking all the time (table modification)
(4) Look far (superficial turning point)
(5) Perseverance (commitment or commitment)
(6) Accumulate goodness into virtue, and the gods are complacent (table to undertake)
(7) Green, taken from blue, is blue (conjunction, meaning turning point, but)
(8) Perseverance (table hypothesis, if)
(9) The crab kneels six times and pinches twice (conjunction, table tied)
3. the author:
(1) fake boat rider (pronoun, referring to the person ...)
(2) No longer endure (the reason for ...)
4. hey:
(1) How can the wind and rain flourish (also referred to as "Yu Zhi" here)
(2) sacred heart preparation (modal particles)
5. Benefits:
(1) If gold is sharpened, it will benefit (adjectives become sharper as verbs)
(2) It's not good for feet (the use of adjectives makes ... faster and walks faster)
6. Wisdom
(1) is not as good as what you learned in an instant (syllable auxiliary word)
(2) Green is taken from blue, and green is blue (pronouns replace green)
7. Wrong
(1) Good and False (with the help of)
(2) The wolf fell asleep before he realized it, and he covered it to lure the enemy (pretending).
(3) So many people use books for backup (borrowing).
8. illness
(1) Breathe with the wind, and the sound is not aggravated (strong).
(2) You are ill.
9. completely
(1) suddenly touched the ruler and the group sound stopped (stomatology).
(2) Master Yun avoided the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and led his wife to this desperate situation (Peach Blossom Garden), isolated from the world.
3 wonderful thoughts ("ventriloquism").
(4) False boaters can't swim, but they will never cross the river ("Persuade")
(5) The State of Chu, having been completely excluded, is willing to sever relations with the merchants in the land of 600 Li in the State of Qin (Biography of Qu Yuan).
10. Strong
(1) earthworm has no advantage of minions, but its bones and muscles are strong (encouraging learning).
(2) Twelve-turn policy awards reward thousands of strong men (Mulan poetry)
(3) It is a step of self-improvement, barely three or four miles a day ("touch the dragon and say Empress Dowager Zhao")
Special sentence patterns and fixed formats
1. Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen.
2. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It is not that snakes and eels have no sustenance, but they are also anxious. (Judgment sentence, "..., ... also" indicates judgment ")
3. Good is false in things (adverbial postposition)
Earthworms don't have the advantages of minions, but their bones and muscles are strong. (attributive postposition)
5. Take it from Blue, shine on you; Ice and water are cooler than water. (Comparison of adverbial prepositional structure "Yu Shui")
6. Take the wheel as the ellipsis: take the wheel as the wheel.
7. Let nature take its course and omit the sentence: Let nature take its course.
8. There is nothing, even thousands of miles away (fixed sentence, "Nothing ..." means "There is no way ...")
9. Stone can be carved (passive sentence)
Senior one Chinese compulsory one classical Chinese knowledge point 2
polysemy
"zhi"
The public got advice from it (the lost fox)
② Xu Zhi (personal pronoun, Zheng Wengong)
(3) How to take (add land, pronoun)
(4) Please beat the child offender (Qin, pronoun)
(5) I am not as strong as a man.
⑥ Neighbors are thick and gentlemen are thin (used between subjects and predicates to eliminate sentence independence)
All landowners luggage exchanges, * * * exhausted (used between subject and predicate to cancel sentence independence)
Use "and"
I can't use my son earlier, now it's my fault (conjunction, table to undertake)
(2) Dare to make the deacon angry (preposition, take)
(3) the country is far away (conjunction, table to undertake)
(4) Because of human strength (conjunction, indicating a turning point)
⑤ Chaos is easy to correct, not violent (preposition, take, use)
"Yan"
(1) Children also have shortcomings (modal particles)
② How to use Zheng Wu to accompany neighbors (interrogative adverbs, and)
(3) How to set a version at night (also known as "Yu Zhi", where is it)
(4) How to get (interrogative pronoun, where)
"Qi"
(1) because of its rudeness to Kim (pronoun, Zheng)
You know it's difficult (pronoun, this matter)
I'll pay it back (in a tone of discussion or hope)
Note: The words "If, Say, Say, Disdain, Slight" in thinking exercise 3 are sorted into the accumulation book separately.
Two. Common words
(1) Now that I am old, there is nothing I can do (through Yi)
(2) Baggage exchanges, * * * flowers (through "replenishment", replenishment)
(3) Qin Bo said (same as Yue)
(4) lost its position, I don't know (with "wisdom", wise)
3. Flexible use of parts of speech
(1) Jin Hanling, Qin Jun Yinan people (nouns used as verbs, stationed).
(2) both sealing zheng (sealing east, frontier fortress. Used here as a verb to make ... boundary)
(3) If there is no shortage of Qin (use verbs to reduce)
(4) because of human strength, it is unfriendly (adjectives as verbs, damage)
⑤ Going far across the country (meaning noun usage, treating ... as a border town).
It's good for you to kill Zheng.
⑦ Quit Qin Shi with the power of candle (use it to make ... withdraw)
Four. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
Mrs (meaning "man" in ancient times and "wife" in modern times)
(2) Luggage (ancient refers to "envoys" and modern refers to "packages when going out")
Verb (abbreviation of verb) special sentence pattern
(1) Adverbial Postposition (Preposition Postposition)
A. Be rude to Kim B. Zheng's death is good for you.
C. The fox said to Zheng Bo.
(2) Elliptic sentences
A. Jin Jun (Yu) wrote the mausoleum, and (Yu) ran south (omitting the preposition "Yu").
B. (candlelight) said: "I am not as strong as a man; ..... "(omit the subject)
C. Dare to make the deacon angry (omit the prepositional object in order to)
(3) Preposition object
What's the point of being a tired husband? ("Zhi" is the symbol of prepositional object)
Senior one Chinese compulsory one classical Chinese knowledge point 3
First, the causative usage of verbs
The causative usage of verbs, as the name implies, means that "the person represented by the subject does not perform the action represented by the verb, but the thing represented by the object performs the action." ② In ancient Chinese, intransitive verbs were often used in causative mode. Example:
1, how to use the dead Zheng to accompany the neighbors? (Candles respect teachers) To perish, cause ... to perish.
2. Make a long-term plan, capture the palace and swallow the princes for two weeks. (Qin Dynasty)
Destroy.
3. Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, not without a master; Is there no time to escape from Hongliang to Haiqu? (Teng Xu) Bend, make ... wronged; Run, lead to escape.
After the Qin Dynasty attacked Zhao, Li Mulian did it. (Six Kingdoms)
However, make ... retreat
5, a clock placed in the water close at hand, although the storm can not make a sound, but the situation is stone!
(The Story of Shi Zhongshan) Make ... Sing.
6, for a period of five years, must be restored, all.
("Sick Plum Pavilion") resume, restored; All, make ... safe.
7. I'd rather have a negative attitude towards Qin Qu. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) Deny, make ... bear.
8. The court met and returned after the ceremony (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)
Go back, make ... go back.
9. Pei Gong rode more than a hundred times to see Wang Xiang. ("The Hongmen Banquet")
Follow, cause to follow.
10. If you want to expand your territory, you should go to Qin Chu, China and caress Siyi.
(Qi Huan Jin Wen Shi E) made ... appear in court.
1 1, Xiang Bo kills, I live. ("The Hongmen Banquet")
Live, make ... live.
12. Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, while leisure will lead to death. (Introduction to Lingguan)
Make ... flourish; Destroy.
Second, the causative usage of nouns.
The causative usage of nouns means "making the person or thing represented by the object become the person or thing represented by this noun." Example:
1, outstanding people, Xu Ru is under Chen Fan's couch. (Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion)
Put it down. Put it down.
2. I don't think I can tell when Jiangdong's parents pity me. (The Hongmen Banquet) King, make ... King.
Thirdly, the causative usage of adjectives.
The causative usage of adjectives means "making the person or thing represented by the object have the nature or state of this adjective". Example:
1, its big stone, clean its home, beautiful its clothes, full its food and sharpen its meaning.
("Goujian Destroys Wu") Cleanliness makes ... clean; Beauty makes ... beauty; Eat and wear warm clothes.
2. The princes were afraid and formed an alliance to weaken Qin. (Qin Dynasty)
Weaken, weaken.
3, cast as a golden man twelve, to weaken the world. (Qin Dynasty)
Make weak.
4. Restrain Wang Xing's soldiers, be a dangerous minister, and be responsible for the princes. (Qi Huan Jinwen Shi Zhi) Danger makes ... Danger.
Please return to Zhao safely. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)
Finished, made ... intact.
6. Today, I respect Chang 'an An Jun's position .. ("Touching the Dragon and Telling the Queen of Zhao")
Respect, honor ...
7. Fucha, the former leader, humiliated the monarch of my vassal state. ("Goujian Destroys Wu")
Shame on.
8. Don't disgrace yourself first, then your body, and then your color. ...
(Letter to Ren An) humiliate, humiliate.
Senior one Chinese compulsory one classical Chinese knowledge point 4
First of all, the conative usage of nouns
When the noun is used as conation, ⑥ means that the person or thing represented by the object behind is regarded as the person or thing represented by this noun. Example:
There are these sentences in the textbook: 1, born before me, and his knowledge of Tao is more solid than mine, so I can learn from them. The teacher (teacher said) takes ... as a teacher.
Fish and shrimp are friends of elk. (Former Chibi Fu)
Couple, let's go. Friends, take this ... as a friend.
3. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. ("Shi Shuo")
Teacher, take ... as a teacher.
Second, the conative usage of adjectives.
Adjective conation, ⑦ is the subjective belief that the object behind has the nature or state of this adjective. Example:
1, the beauty of my wife is mine, and I am also private; The beauty of my concubine is afraid of me; The beauty of the guest is mine. What does he want from me? ("Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qi and Cambodia")
Beauty, think about it ... it's beautiful.
2, and my husband, I know little about Zhong Ni, and those who despise Boyi will believe me. ("Autumn Water") Less, less thinking ...; Light, thinking ... light.
3, today's people, their saints are far away, ashamed of their teachers. (Shi Shuo) On him, he is ashamed of his teacher and confused. (Shi Shuo)
Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. ("Shi Shuo")
Be ashamed, feel ashamed.
5. What is the situation when mediocrity is still shameful? (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)
Be ashamed, feel ashamed.
Causative usage refers to how to make an object. The usage of conation is a subjective view of what an object looks like, which is not necessarily the case objectively.
Senior one Chinese requires a classical Chinese knowledge point to sort out related articles;
★ Senior one must recite classical Chinese as a compulsory course.
★ Senior one requires learning Chinese and must recite the text.
★ Senior one requires learning Chinese and must recite ancient poems.
★ A collection of five personalized Chinese teaching plans for senior one.
★ Compulsory knowledge points of classical Chinese in senior one.
★ What is the Chinese test in the next volume of Senior One?