The origin of the name

According to well-documented historical data, the name "Taiwan Province Province" has only appeared for more than 300 years. However, historical records prove that people on both sides of the strait have long called Taiwan Province a treasure island, and there are nearly ten names for Taiwan Province Province in history. However, the different names reflect the concern and expectation of the Chinese nation for the Treasure Island in Taiwan Province Province. When the state machine appeared in ancient China, China was divided into Kyushu administration, which was recorded in Shang Yu Shu Gong Pian, one of the earliest history books in China. Yangzhou in Kyushu governs the Huaihe River in the north and the sea in the east. In the book, "Yi Fu" refers to Taiwan Province Province. In the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1642), Gao Gonggan specialized in the local records of Taiwan Province Province, indicating that Yangzhou in Xia and Shang Dynasties included Taiwan Province Province. Japanese scholar Ozaki Hideki also thinks that "Shimayi" is the earliest name of Taiwan Province Province. "Island Yi" is the first name in Taiwan Province Province. People's understanding of the ocean has gradually increased, and people who come out of the water have begun to use the sea for people. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the maritime traffic was developed, so there were many legends about the sea. Among them, the legend that alchemist Xu Fu sought immortality medicine for Qin Shihuang has been passed down to this day. The three sacred mountains mentioned in Xu Fu's book recorded in Historical Records are Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou. Later generations thought Yingzhou was Taiwan Province Province. Chui fook didn't come back, but there were more and more cross-strait exchanges in later years. As a special historical geography book, Taiwan Province Province is recorded in the Book of the First Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, records about Taiwan Province Province began to increase. There is such a record in Geography before Han Dynasty: there are "Dongpu people" in Huiji overseas, who are divided into more than 20 countries and "come to see them at the age of 20". Later, many scholars thought that "Dongpu" should refer to Taiwan Province Province. In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Taiwan Province Province is divided into three parts, namely Dongtai Bay Province, Yizhou in Central Taiwan Province Province and Yizhou in South Taiwan Province Province. On the map of Taiwan drawn by Dutch Lins Gordon 300 years ago, Taiwan Province Province was also divided into three islands. Dividing Taiwan Province Province into three parts shows that we have a deeper understanding of Taiwan Province Province. The situation in Taiwan Province Province was directly described during the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Dongwu was located in the south of the Yangtze River, and its jurisdiction included Huiji and the southeast coastal areas. Soochow has close relations with overseas countries. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" mentioned that in the second year of Sun Quan's Huanglong (230), he sent troops to the sea for an expedition to Yizhou. Many scholars believe that Yizhou is Taiwan Province Province. Shen, the magistrate of Linhai County, Soochow, the Three Kingdoms, is the earliest Taiwan Province provincial scholar. In his Coastal Soil and Water Records, there is a special record of Taiwan Province Province, which was called Yizhou at that time, but this book has been lost, and its main content is recorded in Taiping Magnolia. Judging from the contents of the records, this is the most complete written information about Taiwan Province Province at that time. Of course, some people say that Yizhou is a place in Guangdong or Hainan at this time, but from the aspects of location, climate, topography, historical sites, products and customs, it should refer to Taiwan Province Province. Through "Coastal Soil and Water Records", many mainlanders who are far away from the Taiwan Province Strait know the specific situation of Taiwan Province Province, which is limited but extremely rare. The ambitious Emperor Yang Di did not have many achievements to boast about during his reign, but he had a special preference for wars at home and abroad. Of course, he also fought against Taiwan Province Province, and Taiwan Province Province has long been concerned by previous generations. According to the biography of Sui Shu Dongyi, Yang Di made an expedition to Ryukyu and Autumn in the 6th year of Daye (6 10). Where is Ryukyu? It has always been controversial. But most scholars believe that Ryukyu is Taiwan Province Province, not Ryukyu. Anyway, the Sui Dynasty knew a lot about Taiwan Province Province. It is clearly recorded in Biography of Foreign Countries in the History of Song Dynasty that there is an island called Penghu in the east of Quanzhou, facing the fireworks. There are similar records in Zhao's Zhufanzhi, but the content is not detailed. Many people have studied the name of Taiwan Province Province. Lien Chan, a famous political figure in Taiwan Province Province, was born in a local family, and his grandfather was a famous historian Lian Heng. Lian Heng said in his masterpiece "General History of Taiwan Province Province", "Taiwan Province Province was originally named" Buried Fei "and was named by Zhang Quan people." Because the Minnan people in the Ming Dynasty went through all kinds of hardships to reach Taiwan Province Province, many people died of acclimatization, fatigue and hardship, and even their bones could not be transported back to their hometown after death. "Therefore, it was named' unfair burial'." Because "burying grievances" is unlucky, and "burying grievances" is homophonic with "Taiwan Province Province" in Minnan dialect, it was renamed as "Taiwan Province Province". This analysis makes sense, because immigrants do have unforgettable painful experiences. But Mr Lian Heng's conclusion is far-fetched, because there are many homophones. Why use "Taiwan Province Province" instead of "burying wrongs"? "Burying false and wrong cases" is unlucky, but where is "Taiwan Province Province" auspicious? This is not the origin of the name "Taiwan Province Province". Tainan is the earliest developed area in Taiwan Province Province, so the name of Taiwan Province Province comes from the name of Tainan. The Laiya people who originally lived in Tainan were called "Taiyan" or "Tai 'an" when introducing Taiwan Province Province, while the Dutch spelled it "Tai 'an" and the mainland immigrants pronounced it "Tai 'an". Therefore, due to different pronunciations, it is called "Taiwan official", "big official", "big circle", "big bay" and "big injustice" in Tainan area. Later, it was changed from "Taiwanese" in Minnan dialect to "Taiwan Province Province", and the referred area also expanded from Tainan to the whole Taiwan Province Province. From the Ming Dynasty, the name "Taiwan Province Province" became popular. In The Journey to the West written by Zhou Ying, a Fujian native in the Ming Dynasty, Taiwan Province Province was called "Taiwan official". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573 to 16 19), "Taiwan Province Province" appeared in the official documents of the imperial court. Zhang Mei's book "Win-Win Bai Yong" in Qing Dynasty pointed out: Zhou Ying called Taiwan Province Province "an Taiwan Province native", "This is a mistake caused by Minnan dialect, and the name of Taiwan Province Province entered China from then on." The name "Taiwan Province Province" comes from this and should be more objective. [ 1]

Historical summary

After the prosperity of feudal society, there were frequent contacts between dynasties in the Central Plains and Taiwan Province Province. The invention of papermaking by China people greatly promoted the spread of human culture, and of course recorded the hardships and sacrifices of Chinese sons and daughters in developing Taiwan Province Province, building Taiwan Province Province and defending Taiwan Province Province, as well as the historical facts of cross-strait exchanges. The first expedition to Taiwan Province Province took place in 230 AD. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, the monarch of Wu, sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge to Taiwan Province Province, which they called Yizhou. This is the first time that the China Dynasty contacted Taiwan Province Province. Their trip to Taiwan Province Province lasted for one year. In the end, due to the epidemic of diseases and acclimatization, nine times out of ten officers and men were killed or injured, and finally they returned to the mainland with thousands of residents from Taiwan Province Province. In fact, this kind of military expedition is not killing people and stealing goods, but a common means for feudal dynasties to establish and consolidate the scope of their rule. The Taiwan Province people brought back introduced a lot about Taiwan Province. Decades later, Kuloko Shen, the prefect of Linhai County of Wu State, wrote the Land and Water Records of Linhai from 264 to 280 A.D. based on the introduction of Wu officers and soldiers who returned from Taiwan Province Province and residents of Taiwan Province Province (see Taiping Fishing Guide, Volume 780). He called this piece of land on the sea "Yizhou is in the southeast of Linhai, two thousand miles to the county. There is no snow and frost on the earth, and the vegetation is immortal. It is surrounded by mountains, and all the mountains are inhabited. There is a white stone shot by the King of Yue on the top of the mountain. The barbarians are kings, and the land and people are divided, but they are different. " "This land is very fertile, producing both grain and fish." It also introduces local products, people, customs, tools and historical sites. Among them, "There is a white stone shot by the King of Yue on the top of the mountain", which proves that Taiwan Province Province was the territory of the State of Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The description in the book gives people an image of Taiwan Province Province at that time: Yizhou is 2,000 miles southeast of Linhai County, where the local climate is hot, there is no frost and snow, the vegetation is evergreen all year round, the land is fertile, coarse cereals, fish production, fine fabrics and copper and iron smelting. In order to preserve food in a hot climate, residents preserved fish in large pottery pots, not only as their own food, but also for entertaining guests. Parents have the final say when men and women get married, and girls have to knock out their front teeth after marriage. Residents are divided into different tribes, and each tribe has its own land and leader. The leader called the people together and beat the hollowed-out wood with a wooden stick. The sound can travel four or five miles, and the residents came after hearing it. In the war, the enemy's head was cut off and hung on the big wooden pestle in the courtyard, and it was not taken off for several years to show its meritorious service. This is the first time in the world that the customs of Taiwan Province Province have been completely recorded, so that people in the Central Plains have a definite and clear understanding of Taiwan Province Province. During the Sui Dynasty, Yang Di sent Yu Zhukuan, a feather rider, and He Man, a sailor, to Taiwan Province Province, which was then called "Liu Qiu". Because of the language barrier, he brought back a native of Taiwan Province Province for the first time and some cloth armour for the second time. In the sixth year of the Great Cause (6 10), Yang Di sent Wu Benlang and more than 10,000 soldiers to set sail from Yi 'an (Chaozhou) in Guangdong Province for Taiwan Province Province. The local people thought it was a merchant ship in the Central Plains, indicating that mainland businessmen often went to do business at that time, and people in Taiwan Province Province were already familiar with commercial trade. It's just that Chen Ling's negotiations with local chiefs were not smooth and tense. She returned to the mainland with thousands of local residents. In Changhua City, central Taiwan Province Province, there is a street named "Chen Leng Street" to commemorate this Sui Dynasty general. After the long evolution from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan Province Province gradually increased. In the Song Dynasty, there were more exchanges and economic activities. For the convenience of management, it is the first time in the history of the development of Taiwan Province Province to set up a management organization in Taiwan and Penghu and bring Penghu into the territory of Jinjiang County, Fujian Province. Taiwan Province and Pengzhou were formally incorporated into the territory of the Song Dynasty. Although dynasties and emperors changed in the next thousand years, the ownership of Taiwan Province Province never changed. The Yuan Dynasty was the first time that ethnic minorities in China controlled the Central Plains. After the Yuan Dynasty took control of the Central Plains, it was customary to March into the unknown. So, in the 28th year of Zhiyuan (129 1), 10, Yang Xiang, the deputy general manager of seagoing vessels, was sent as a propaganda envoy, leading more than 6,000 people to March into Taiwan Province Province, together with Wu, an official of the Ministry of Justice, and Ruan Jian, an official of the Ministry of War. Because of the language barrier and lack of navigation knowledge, they returned in vain. By AD 1335, the Yuan Dynasty formally established the "Inspection Department" in Penghu. Inspection department, the level is not high, belonging to nine categories. "Professional patrol, special arrest", catching criminals and setting up saltworks, but this is the first time the central government has sent administrative law enforcement agencies to Taiwan Province and Pengzhou. Since then, the central dynasty began to send personnel to manage the Taipeng area. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a traveler named Wang Dayuan. He traveled to many places, traveled to Taiwan Province Province and Penghu by merchant ship during Zheng Zheng's time, and then wrote A Brief Introduction to Taiwan Province Island. Taiwan Province Province said in the book: "The terrain is dome-shaped, surrounded by trees, and the soil is fertile and fertile, which is suitable for farming. Climate warming, real estate placer gold, millet, sulfur, yellow wax, deer and leopard ... overseas countries, the cover starts here. " From people's travel to Taiwan Province Province and cross-strait business activities, we can see that there were many exchanges between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland at that time, which had become complementary economic activities and daily social exchanges. Zheng Chenggong

The maritime ban policy of the Ming Dynasty led to the prevalence of pirates along the southeast coast. In order to protect the coastal areas from pirates, the Ming court stationed troops in Keelung and Danshui Port to prevent pirates from harassing the southeast coastal areas based in Ethereum. This is the first time that the central government has stationed troops on the island to defend coastal defense. There is a special product "Three Treasures of Ginger" in Fengshan, Kaohsiung, which was left by Zheng He when he arrived in Taiwan Province Province in the Ming Dynasty. This is the first large caravan that the Central Plains arrived in Taiwan Province Province. In order to defend Taiwan Province Province, Zheng Chenggong carried out major military activities such as recovering Taiwan Province Province and unifying Taiwan Province Province by Kangxi in his later years. 1683, after the Qing government unified Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province Province formally established the Taiwan Government, which governed Taiwan Province Province, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County. Taiwan Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province, and later changed to 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 halls. The Qing government established a complete set of ruling organizations and systems in Taiwan Province Province to carry out effective management. Since the western colonialists invaded to the east, the United States, Japan, France and other powers have successively carried out military provocations in Taiwan Province Province, which has aggravated the territorial crisis in the border areas of China. In this case, the attitude and way of the upper level of the Qing government on how to govern Taiwan Province Province began to change, from "mainly preventing internal changes" to "mainly preventing external invasion". Shen Baozhen, Minister of Fujian Shipping Administration, and Ding Richang, Governor of Fujian Province, who supervised the coastal defense affairs in Southeast Asia in Qing Dynasty, called Taiwan Province Province "the barrier of seven provinces", "the key to the South-North Ocean" and "the first gateway to China", and repeatedly emphasized the importance of Taiwan Province Province. They also recalled many times that they proposed to set up a provincial province in Taiwan Province Province to strengthen the official administration, effectively manage the Taiwan Province-Pengzhou area isolated overseas and consolidate coastal defense. The proposal of establishing Taiwan Province province was possible under the border crisis at that time. This proposal was first put forward by Ding Richang in 1874. In the following year 165438+ 10, Shen Baozhen proposed to set up a "Fujian governor" in the name of the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, with "Taiwan Province in winter and spring and Fuzhou in summer and autumn". /kloc-in the spring of 0/876, Ding Richang, the new governor, was unable to stay in Taiwan Province Province on schedule, so he asked the court to send another etiquette to stay in Taiwan Province Province and set up the "Governor of Taiwan Province Province", which changed the three-year "staying in Taiwan in winter and spring" to a single governor of Taiwan Province Province. Liu mingchuan

It was not until June 1884 that the Qing Dynasty sent Liu Mingchuan, governor of Zhili, to seal the title of governor to supervise the government affairs and defense of Taiwan Province Province. No matter how he is described in film and television works, Liu Mingchuan is indeed a promising official. Shortly after Liu Mingchuan took office, the Sino-French war broke out. Generally speaking, China, which has not failed militarily, has suffered another disastrous defeat politically. Facing the crisis, it is particularly necessary to strengthen the defense of Taiwan Province Province. Yang Changjun, Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Imperial Commissioner left to supervise Fujian military affairs. In July, they wrote again, demanding "the governor's branch office" and "provincial rule" in Taiwan Province Province, Fujian Province. In Guangxu 1 1 year (1885) 10/2, Empress Dowager Cixi, who was in charge of politics, decided to invite Zuo to invite guests while establishing the navy. Fujian's government affairs were managed by the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Governor of Fujian was changed to the Governor of Taiwan Province Province. By 1888, the separation of Fujian and Taiwan was officially realized, and Taiwan Province Province was set up as a separate province, from the original 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 halls to 3 prefectures 1 1 county and 4 halls, 1 zhili prefecture, and then Nanya hall was added. The first governor of Fujian and Taiwan Province was Liu Mingchuan. It was this Governor who opened the door to modern economic development in Taiwan Province Province. History has followed the right path to the present. After 550 years of stormy days, the Inspection Department was established, and Taiwan Province Province became the 20th province of the Qing Dynasty. The establishment of Taiwan Province provincial organizational system is mainly to consolidate the southeast coastal defense, resist the aggression of foreign powers and strengthen military defense; Internally, the process of modern industrialization began, and mining, postal services, transportation, reclamation and education developed one after another. Since then, Taiwan Province society has entered a period of large-scale development. It is the exchanges between the two sides of the strait that have condensed the hearts of the people on both sides of the strait in history, and Taiwan Province Province and the mainland are inseparable. The sea tells us that the "first" of so many continents in Taiwan Province Province is not only the significance of time sequence, but also the courage of many pioneers, the hardships of pioneers and the sacrifices of strugglers; It includes how much Taiwan Province Province yearns for the hinterland of the Central Plains, and how much the mainland people care for their compatriots in Taiwan Province Province. It also tells us that it is in this thousand-year interaction that Chinese culture has infiltrated Taiwan Province Province. Compatriots in Taiwan Province Province have become one of the creative groups of this magical and even incredible Chinese culture in the continuous and lasting environment of Chinese culture. Therefore, the relationship between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland has a profound historical origin and cultural precipitation. [2]

Scenic spots/tourist attractions

tourist resources

Its landform is complex, located in the Pacific volcanic earthquake zone, with karst landform and marine erosion landform, so there are many landscapes, volcanoes and hot springs. The beaches on the west coast are gentle and there are many bathing beaches, while the cliffs on the east coast are steep and grotesque. Dense forests, rich in animal and plant resources, and even more known as the' Butterfly Kingdom'. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a saying of "Eight Scenes and Twelve Wins", including: Alishan Cloud Sea, Shuangtan Autumn Moon, Yushan Cumulus Cloud, Qingshui Cliff, Penghu Fishing Fire, Datun Spring Scene, Lu Gu Ranger, Anping Sunset and Cao Shan, Xindian, Daxi, Wuzhishan, Bagua Mountain, Hutou Cliff, Shitou Mountain, Taiping Mountain, Dalitong Mountain and Qiqi Mountain. Rich in cultural relics, or related to the resistance against Dutch and Japanese invaders, or the historical witness of the relationship between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland. Such as Chikan Tower, Anping Castle, King Temple in Yanping County of Ming Dynasty, Lingxiao Hall in Nangong, Mazu Tempel in Yunlin North Port, Confucius Temple in Beitai and Tainan. Gaoshan nationality has a population of more than 300,000, and it is divided into 9 ethnic groups: Ami, Atayal, paiwan, Bunun, Cao, Beinan and Yamei. The Amei people's ability to toss and carve boats, the Ami people's contrapuntal songs and colorful dances, paiwan's embroidery and sculpture, Bunun people's ear-beating sacrifice and adult sacrifice ceremony, Xia Sai people's short-spirit sacrifice and tinkling bell dance, Atayal people's embroidery and sowing festival, and Bai people's monkey-stopping sacrifice and hunting sacrifice are all so colorful. In order to develop tourism, some measures have been taken, such as building a "lilliputian country" in Taoyuan County, which has enriched tourism resources.

Flavor yaozhuan

Similar to Fujian and Guangdong, but with the characteristics of Taiwan Province Province: sand tea, curry, peanut butter, etc. Commonly used as seasoning, with heavy sweetness, clear soup is often used for stewing. There are many kinds of flavor snacks. Taipei Xindian Bixitan fragrant fish, Keelung bean soup, tempura, Taoyuan Shimen casserole fish head, Taichung vegetable root fragrant beef, Hsinchu tribute pills, Chiayi Sichen soup and mushroom shark's fin soup, Tainan coffin plate (fried pasta), Kaohsiung Liuhe night market shellfish seafood and mountain and river meat (mountain rat meat), etc.

Local literature and art

There are hymns and tea-picking songs in Min dialect area, and Hakka folk songs in Cantonese area, which are quite popular. Nanguan is more elegant. Most operas come from Fujian and Guangdong, including Liyuan Opera, Gaojia Opera, Cantonese Opera and Shadow Play. The literature and art of Gaoshan nationality are colorful. [3]

Geographical humanities

geographical position

The Taiwan Province Strait extends from northeast to southwest, connecting the East China Sea of China in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is about 200 nautical miles long and 70 to 22 1 nautical mile wide, with an average width of about 108 nautical mile. It is an important maritime traffic artery as well as an international maritime traffic artery. It faces the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Ryukyu Islands in the northeast, about 600 kilometers apart. South of bashi channel, about 300 kilometers away from the Philippines; It faces Fujian across the Taiwan Province Strait in the west, with the narrowest point 130 km. Taiwan island

Because Taiwan Province Province is close to the center of the western Pacific waterway, it is an important transportation hub for maritime transportation of countries in the Pacific region. Not only ships traveling between the East China Sea and the South China Sea in China pass through here, but also ships from Europe, Africa, South Asia and Oceania to the eastern coast of China pass through here. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean to the Sea of Japan generally pass through here.

lustrum

According to the statistics of Taiwan Province Province, as of August 1998, the population of Taiwan Province Province was more than 2 18 10000, and the population of Jinmen and Mazu, the total was more than 2 1860000. The annual population growth rate is about 7.3 1%. The population is mainly concentrated in the western plain, and the population in the east accounts for only 4% of the total population. The average population density is 568.83 people per square kilometer, and the population density of Taipei, the political, economic and cultural center and the largest city, has reached 10000 people per square kilometer. Among the residents in Taiwan Province Province, the Han nationality accounts for about 98% of the total population; Ethnic minorities account for 2%, about 380,000 people. According to different languages and customs, ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province are divided into 9 ethnic groups, including Ami, Atayal, paiwan, Bunun, Beinan, Rukai, Cao, Yami and Yi, which are distributed in different areas of Taiwan Province Province.

Geomorphological features

Taiwan Province Province is mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for more than two thirds of the total area. The mountains in Taiwan Province Province are parallel to the northeast-southwest trend of Taiwan Province Island and vertically located in the central and eastern part of Taiwan Province Island, forming the topographic features of the eastern mountainous area, the middle hilly area and the western plain of Taiwan Province Island. There are five mountains, four plains and three great basin mountains on the island of Taiwan Province Province, namely, Central Mountain, Snow Mountain, Yushan Mountain, Alishan Mountain and Taitung Mountain, Yilan Plain, Jianan Plain, Pingtung Plain and Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain, Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin. The central mountain runs through the north and south, and Yushan is 3952 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in East China. Taiwan Province Island is located in the Pacific Rim seismic belt and volcanic belt, with unstable crust and frequent earthquakes.

Climate type

The climate in Taiwan Province Province is warm in winter and hot in summer, with abundant rainfall, and there are many typhoons and rainstorms in summer and autumn. Because the Tropic of Cancer passes through the central part of Taiwan Province Island, Taiwan Province Province has a subtropical climate in the north and a tropical climate in the south. The annual average temperature (except in mountainous areas) is 22℃, and the annual precipitation is more than 2000 mm.

natural resource

Although Taiwan Province Province only produces a small amount of coal, natural gas and few metal minerals, and gold, silver, copper and iron are mainly stored in the northern volcanic areas and the central mountainous areas, Taiwan Province Province is rich in hydropower, forest and fishery resources. Rainfall rich in fresh water resources has created favorable conditions for the development of rivers on the island. There are 608 rivers flowing into the sea alone, with rapid water potential, numerous waterfalls and abundant hydraulic resources. Among them, the rivers with the length exceeding100km include Zhuoshui River (186.4km), Gaoping River (170.9km), Danshui River (158.7km) and Dajiaxi River (10). Cultivated land resources The agricultural area of Taiwan Province Province accounts for about a quarter of the land area, and it is rich in rice, with good quality and high yield in Sun Moon Lake two or three seasons a year.

; The main cash crops are sucrose and tea. There are more than 90 kinds of vegetables, and the planting area is second only to rice. Taiwan Province Province is called "Fruit Kingdom", and there are many kinds of fruits. The output value of flowers is also considerable. Forest Resources The forest area in Taiwan Province Province accounts for about 52% of the total area. Taiping Mountain in Taipei, Baxian Mountain in Taichung and Alishan in Chiayi are three famous forest areas, with 326 million cubic meters of timber reserves and nearly 4,000 species of trees, among which Taiwania flousiana, Sabina vulgaris, Cinnamomum camphora and Phoebe bournei are world-famous, and the output of camphor and camphor oil accounts for about 70% of the world total. Fishery Resources Taiwan Province Province is surrounded by the sea, with a total coastline of 1.600 km. Because it is located at the intersection of cold current and warm current, fishery resources are rich. The eastern coastal waters are deep and the fishing ban period is endless; The western seabed is an extension of the continental shelf, which is relatively flat, rich in benthic fish and shellfish, and relatively developed in offshore fisheries and aquaculture. Offshore fishing is also relatively developed.

economic development

Since 1960s, Taiwan Province Province has paid attention to the development of industry, and formed an island-type industrial and commercial economy with processing and export as the mainstay. Industries include textiles, electronics, sugar, plastics and electricity. There are processing export zones in Kaohsiung, Taichung and Nanzi. Commemorative coins go from Keelung in the north to Taiwan Province Province in Kaohsiung in the south.

There are electrified railways and highways, and air and sea routes can reach five continents. Tourism in Taiwan Province Province is also quite developed. There are Sun Moon Lake, Alishan Mountain, Yangming Mountain, Beitou Hot Spring, Tainan Chikan Tower, Beigang Mazu Tempel and so on. Xiamen and Taiwan Province Province, facing each other across the sea, have a superior geographical position and a good deep-water port. Xiamen has been known as the "southeast gateway" since ancient times. Since the Song Dynasty, Xiamen and Taiwan Province Province belong to the same administrative unit, and mainland immigrants began to move from Xiamen to Taiwan Province Province. Similar geographical location, climatic conditions and living habits have communicated the close relationship and contacts between Xiamen and the people of Taiwan Province Province. As the Taiwan Provincial Government Records said, "Taiwan Province and Xiamen are like two wings of a bird, and local customs say that Xiamen is Taiwan Province and Taiwan Province is Xiamen". 70% of Taiwan Province people's ancestral home comes from southern Fujian, and the people of the two places are like brothers. This special geographical and historical relationship makes Xiamen a transit point and traffic artery for all kinds of exchanges with Taiwan Province Province, and also a concentrated place for economic and trade exchanges.

The development of history

Ancient ~16th century

In ancient times, Taiwan Province Province was connected with the mainland. Later, due to the crustal movement, the connected parts sank into the sea, forming a strait, and Taiwan Province Island appeared. Sun Quan, the King of Wu, sent 65,438+10,000 officers and men to Taiwan Province Province.

Most of the early residents of Taiwan Province Province immigrated directly or indirectly from Chinese mainland. 197 1 year and 1974, the earliest human fossils in Taiwan Province province were discovered twice, and they were named "Zuo Zhenren". Archaeologists believe that Zuo Zhenren came to Taiwan Province Province from the mainland 30,000 years ago. Both Liu Qingren and Dongshan Ren, discovered in Fujian archaeology, belong to the late Homo sapiens in the southern Paleolithic region of China, and they are of the same origin and both inherit some characteristics of China Homo erectus. Among the early residents of Taiwan Province Province, there are a few short black people belonging to the Tuo nationality in nigri and Langya people belonging to the Ryukyu nationality. The early residents of Taiwan Province Province mentioned above are the ancestors of the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province today. The recorded history of Taiwan Province Province can be traced back to 230 AD. At that time, King Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms sent 1000 officers and men to Yizhou (Taiwan Province Province), and Kuloko Shen of the State of Wu wrote the earliest account of Taiwan Province Province in the world. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties (AD 589-6 18), Taiwan Province Province was called "Liuqiu". The Sui Dynasty worked as a teacher in Taiwan Province Province for three times. According to historical records, in 6 10 A.D. (the sixth year of Sui Daye), Han people began to migrate to Penghu. By the Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960- 1368), there had been a considerable number of Han people in Penghu. After the Han people opened Penghu, they began to develop in Taiwan Province Province, bringing advanced production technology at that time. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/2nd century, the Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and sent troops to defend it. The Yuan Dynasty also sent troops to Taiwan Province Province. The Yuan and Ming governments set up a patrol inspection department in Penghu, which was responsible for patrolling criminals and holding salt classes. In the late Ming Dynasty, the scale of development became larger and larger. In the era of war and famine, the Fujian authorities of the Ming government and Zheng Zhilong Group immigrated to Taiwan Province Province in an organized way.

Jose colonial period

/kloc-in the 6th century, the western colonial forces such as Spain and the Netherlands developed rapidly and began to extend their tentacles to the east. At the beginning of17th century, Zheng Chenggong, a Dutch colonist, recovered Taiwan Province Province.

Taking advantage of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, the Manchus in Northeast China became stronger and stronger, and the Ming government was in a difficult situation, it invaded Taiwan Province Province. Soon, the Spanish occupied parts of northern and eastern Taiwan Province Province, and were driven away by the Dutch in 1642, and Taiwan Province Province became a Dutch colony. Dutch colonialists enforced compulsory rule, took the land for themselves, forced people to pay various taxes, plundered rice and sugar in Taiwan Province Province, and re-exported raw silk, sugar and porcelain purchased from China to other countries through Taiwan Province Province, thus making high profits. The rule of Dutch colonists aroused the resistance of the people in Taiwan Province Province. 1652 In September, the peasant leader Guo Huaiyi led a large-scale armed uprising. Although the armed uprising was suppressed, it shows that Dutch colonial rule has fallen into crisis.

Zheng's reign

1644, the Qing army entered the customs and established the Qing regime in Beijing. 166 1 In April, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships from Kinmen into Taiwan Province Province in the name of General Nan Mingyi. When Zheng Chenggong marched into Taiwan Province Province, he told the Dutch colonialists that Taiwan Province Province "has always belonged to China", that the residents of Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Island are China people who have occupied and cultivated this land since ancient times, and that the Netherlands "should return it to its original owners" after fierce fighting and siege.1February 662, Zheng Chenggong forced Dutch Governor Bayi to sign and surrender. Zheng Chenggong regained China's territory of Taiwan Province Province from Dutch colonists, and became a great national hero, admired by the broad masses of people.

During the reign of Qing government

1684, the Qing government set up a patrol road and a Taiwan government, which were subordinate to Fujian province. By181year, the population of Taiwan had reached10.9 million, most of whom were immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. Immigrants reclaimed wasteland in large quantities, which made Taiwan Province Province a new agricultural area, and provided a large number of rice and sucrose, daily consumer goods and building materials imported from the mainland, which made the economy of Taiwan Province Province develop to a considerable extent. During this period, Taiwan Province Province had close contacts with Fujian and Guangdong, and Chinese culture was introduced into Taiwan Province Province more comprehensively. Due to the invasion of China's frontier by western powers, there has been a border crisis in China. 1884- 1885 during the sino-French war, the French army attacked Taiwan Province province and was badly hit by Liu Mingchuan's army. By the signing of the Sino-French New Testament in June 1885, the French army was forced to withdraw from Taiwan Province Province. After the Sino-French War, in order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government designated Taiwan Province Province as a single province in 1885, and Taiwan Province Province became the 20th province in China. Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan Province Province, actively carried out the new policy of self-improvement, cleaned up land tax, increased fiscal revenue, bought ships, set up telegraph lines, set up the General Administration of Posts and Telecommunications and built railways; Buy warships, add batteries, set up machinery bureau, and build their own weapons; Set up coal bureau and install new shearer; Set up companies to promote cities and build streets and roads; Establish western learning and telegraph schools to train architectural talents. Liu Mingchuan concentrated many new undertakings in one province, making Taiwan Province one of the advanced provinces in China at that time.

During the Japanese rule,

1894 Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War, and the Qing government was defeated the following year. /kloc-In April of 0/7, he was forced to sign treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated his country and ceded Taiwan Province Province to Japan. After the news came out, the whole country was angry and opposed to cutting the table; Taiwan Province provincial capital "crying loud", gong. Liu Yongfu, the general of the Qing army who assisted the military in Taiwan Province Province, led the soldiers and civilians to resist the Japanese occupation and persisted in fighting for more than five months. After more than 100 battles, the Japanese invaders paid a heavy price, but they finally failed. Since then, Taiwan Province Province has been a Japanese colony for 50 years. The people of Taiwan Province Province never gave in to Japanese colonial rule. In the early days of Japanese occupation, the anti-Japanese armed forces with farmers as the main body fought for 20 years. Later, the Cultural Association, People's Party and Producer Party also organized and led the national resistance movement against Japanese colonial rule. Celebrate the recovery of Taiwan

1937 in July, the Japanese created the "July 7th Incident", and the people of China started the national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, many compatriots in Taiwan Province Province returned to their motherland to participate in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which contributed to the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the recovery of Taiwan Province Province. 194 1 After the Pacific War broke out in February, on February 9, 65438, the Japanese government issued the Proclamation of China's Declaration of War against Japan, clearly telling Chinese and foreign countries: "All treaties, agreements and contracts involving the relationship between China and China will be abolished."

Return of sovereignty

1In August 1945, Japan was defeated in World War II, and 15 announced its unconditional surrender in August. After eight years of heroic War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China finally recovered Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province compatriots celebrated their return to the motherland with great joy. 10 year 10 On October 25th, the surrender ceremony of Taiwan Province province in China Allied War Zone was held in Taibei. On behalf of the China government, the surrendering officials announced that from now on, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands will formally rejoin Chinese territory, and all land, people and political affairs will be under China's sovereignty. So far, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu are under the sovereignty of China. [4]