Hao an ba gua
Notes on textual research in the second volume of Zhang Erqi's Exegesis of Classics and History. Zhang Erqi (1612-1678), whose real name is Jiruo, is from Zhangjiruo Village, Jindianzi Township, Jiyang, Shandong Province. Smart and studious since childhood, familiar with classics and history, a hundred schools of thought contend. At your command, don't Wen Da. The house where he lives has not been repaired, so it is a pleasure to get his four brothers together and talk about three generations of ancient prose in front of his mother. His wife Zhu insisted on women's morality and advised Erqi not to go out to teach in the village. Zhang Erqi was a famous Confucian scholar in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He compiled The Book of Rites and corrected more than 300 mistakes in the official version of The Book of Rites. In his later years, he carefully studied the Three Rites. When he was teaching Yili in Jinan, he was overheard by a famous scholar at that time. Gu appreciates his incisive opinions very much. Early the next morning, he called home to talk about Qi Huan and made friends. Later, when talking about the teacher's Taoist theory, Gu praised Zhang Erqi: "I'm not as good as Zhang Jiruo, because I'm only good at' Three Rites', and I'm outstanding as a teacher." There is a biography in the Draft of Qing History, which is The Scholars.
Ba 'an Gossip is a work written by Zhang Erqi in the twenty years after he entered the Qing Dynasty. The manuscript was written in the 9th year of Kangxi (1670). It is a record of reading, as well as works of discussion and textual research. At the end of the volume, there is a cloud in Jiang Yinpei's Supplement: "This book has nothing to do with Confucian classics and secular, so it is called gossip. However, teaching people to gossip, reading casual books and meddling in other people's affairs is a warning. Mr. Jiang is well versed in Confucian classics and has access to the secular world. All ceremonies are more accurate than gossip. " Among them, it is advisable to study "Three Rites" and explain famous things. Gu Ri Zhi Lu (Volume 14) said that "you can't enter the hall if you are bereaved" refers to the saying of "Hao An's Eight Diagrams". In the part of poetry, taking Han Yu's poems "Farewell to the North" and "Farewell to the North" as examples, it criticizes Han Yu as "non-Confucian": "Han Wengong's" Farewell to the North "has Confucianism, which is famous for its calligraphy and painting, named after Buddhist scholars and based on its universalism. Judging from his knowledge today, it is just to absorb the spirit and make it immortal, so that he will abandon ethics and give up love in order to verify enlightenment. This is the so-called universal love. In addition, his poem "Farewell to Wenqibei" is attractive with wealth and eulogy, dancing in the wine field, hunting and riding around the moon, which is different from the secular. " There is a passage in "Preface to Send a Noble Sage", which also shows that interests must be clear, which is better than a dead life, so it is not like Confucianism. A man who steals a warm coffin is just a monk who paints rich poems, otherwise he is intellectual fit. "
Today, there are: Hao An Bagua 1939 edition of the Commercial Press; Qilu Bookstore 199 1 Edition Haoan Bagua; Haoan Gossip, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1996.
Qian Qiu Notes
Yan Ruoqu wrote Notes of the Qing Dynasty in six volumes, emphasizing classical textual research and historical exegesis. Yan Ruoqu (1638— 1704), a native of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, lives in Shanyang County, Huai 'an District, Jiangsu Province. Yan Ruoqu was born in a scholarly family. Grandfather Yan was a scholar in the thirty-two years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1604). He served as an official in Qian Ning, Liaodong, and participated in the Senate. He wrote many books, such as Record of Respecting Punishment and Counting Liao History. Strict father, whose real name was Peng, was a tribute student in the late Ming Dynasty. He wrote poems such as Xitang and Hongou Pavilion Temple in the name of Ci. Yan Ruoqu failed after several provincial examinations in Sun Shan. In the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), Yan ruoqu was recommended to try, but he still lived in the capital after the decision. The cabinet scholar Xu was amazed at his knowledge and specially invited him to his home. Xu was invited as a guest to compile the Draft of Qing History, and Yan Ruoqu was invited to attend. Assist Xu to complete the History as a Mirror 184. Kangxi thirty-eight years (1699) and forty-two years (1703). When Emperor Kangxi visited Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the south, he offered poems twice, eager to be summoned, but failed to do so. Later, Yin Zhen, the fourth son of the emperor (later Yong Zhengdi), was invited to the mansion as a guest because he had heard so much about his name. "Call Mr. Hu by his first name", "Hold his hand and give him a seat, read books every day, and every time he entered an article, he was called good". Soon, Yan Ruoqu became seriously ill, and Yin Zhen invited a doctor to treat him. On June 8th (July 9th), Yan Ruoqu died in Beijing due to ineffective medical treatment. Yin Zhen sent officials to arrange his funeral, and personally wrote poems and eulogies, saying that he was "a scholar, and he was true to every word; Accumulate the surplus box of the shaft, and arrange one shift every month; Confucius and Zhou Qing are full of words. "
Yan Ruoqu was the founder of Sinology in Qing Dynasty. In the academic history of the early Qing Dynasty, Yan Ruoqu inherited Gu and Huang Zongxi, and enlightened Huidong and Dai Zhen. As the direct pioneer of Sinology (or Textual Research) in Qing Dynasty, Yan Ruoqu's contribution to the academic history of Qing Dynasty is indelible. His most important achievement is the textual criticism of the ancient books of Shangshu. He devoted himself to the study of ancient books in Shangshu for more than 30 years, wrote eight volumes of ancient books in Shangshu, and quoted allusions to confirm that the ancient books in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were forged by Mei Meng. Scholars such as Huang Zongxi, Ji Yun, Qian Daxin, Liang Qichao and Hu Shi all believe that the "stereotype" of The History of Pseudo-Ancient Books is actually attributed to Ruokun. His academic opponents also listed Yan as one of the "Six Dynasties Confucianism" (Gu, Hu Weiwei, Yan Ruoqu, Hui Dong and Dai Zhen). Liang Qichao said that Yan Ruoqu "cannot but be regarded as the first hero of academic liberation in the past 300 years." The Summary of the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu praised him: "Because of the contradiction between Chen Qi and China, the imitation of ancient prose is a great knowledge", and "pick it out repeatedly, eliminate the great doubts of the ages, and make textual research, so that it is solid or first." In addition to the textual research on ancient Chinese characters in Shangshu, Yan's other works include Four Books Explaining Land, Four Books Explaining Land, Four Books Explaining Land Continuation, Four Books Explaining Land, Notes on Buried Hill, Notes on Re-proofreading and Re-learning, Zhu Zi's Doubt about Ancient Chinese Characters, Monthly Examination of Mencius' Birth and Death, and As soon as possible.
Qian Qiu Notes is a compilation of the author's early reading notes, which was compiled by later generations at the end of the year. The first two volumes of Miscellaneous Notes were researched while reading, but many cases were unsolved. The third volume is "Geographical Remainder", which is called "Remainder" because Ruokun's "Notes on Ancient Documents" and "Collection of Four Books" have detailed textual research on Gong Yu's mountains and rivers and the place names of the four books. The fourth volume is the preface and postscript to Miscellaneous Essays, and the next volume is Notes on the Wings in Mourning Clothing and A Supplement to Japanese Knowledge. The fifth volume is compiled one after another according to Ruokun's handwriting, and all of them are recorded in historical books. The sixth volume is poetry. This book has textual research on Confucian classics, history and geography. In particular, Yu Fang's theory of mourning, sacrificial rites and textual research is based on the Book of Rites. There are more than 50 kinds of Japanese records, and Gu's Japanese Records is a masterpiece that opened the wind of textual research in Qing Dynasty. If it is corrected first, it will be the first sound for later generations to study Japanese records, and it will also have a great impact on the development of textual research in Qing Dynasty. The catalogue of sikuquanshu States that "if the memorization is good, the assessment is excellent, which is really incomparable at the beginning of the country." Although Gu's research has its origin, the book Record of the Day was refuted by him, but everything else can be discussed. "
There are two versions of Qian Qiu's notes. One is the publication of Yan Ruoqu's grandson Yan in the 10th year of Qianlong (1745). One is the printed version of Biezhuan Note edited by Wu for fifty-seven years. There are two very popular books: Sikuquanshu and Huang Qing Realm.
Now there are: Notes of Qian Qiu, Commercial Press, 198 1 edition; Qian Qiu Notes, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, Siku Notes Novel Series, 1992 edition;
Talking about Ikebukuro
Wang Shizhen wrote 26 volumes of Notes on Anecdotes in Qing Dynasty. For a brief introduction of Wang Shizhen, please refer to the collection of poems and classic poems of An Introduction to China Ancient Literature (II). He wrote many notes, including My Conversation in Chibei, Ju Luyi, Notes on Xiangzu, Miscellaneous Notes on Tinggu Fu, etc. Among them, my conversation in Chibei is the most famous.
I Talk about Red Equipment, also known as I Talk about Fan Shi Pavilion, was named by Wang Shizhen according to his order. There is a garden in the west of the house where he lives. There are fields in the garden and rafters in the north. There are thousands of books in it. Because of the history beside the stacks, Wang Shizhen often talks with guests in the pavilion, or discusses the differences between articles and sentences, or clarifies historical doubts, as well as national allusions, historical evolution, words and deeds of famous officials and celebrities, monsters and legends, etc. , recorded and sorted by his children, plus his experiences in Beijing for 20 years, so it is also called "Shi Fanting Ji Tan".
As one of the famous notes in the Qing Dynasty, I Talk in Chibei is mainly about literature and art, anecdotes, occasional textual research, and a lot of anecdotes, with a strong novel color. Part of the content was sorted out by the author's descendants. The book has 26 volumes and nearly 1300 articles, which are divided into four items: 1. Talking about the past: detailing the laws and regulations of the Qing dynasty and the Kejia system, dressing is better than anything else; Second, talk about sacrifices, mainly describing the famous ministers, deformed people and martyrs from the middle of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty. Third, talk about art, comment on poetry and collect good sentences; Fourth, tell the difference and the story of the monster. Of the four books, the first three are the most valuable. For example, in the article "Hanlin Qingsi" in Talking about the Old, I remember that in the early Qing Dynasty, Taipu Temple added the Manchu Yuan Wailang, and imperial academy added the Manchu Master Book and the Chinese Book Sheren Post. "Eight Banners Open Courses", "Taiwan Province Province Open Courses" and "Manchuria Provincial Examination". And record some information about the system of having obtained the provincial examination in Shunzhi and Kangxi; The article "patrolling the party" can understand the appointment system of patrolling in the early Qing dynasty; The article Martyrdom records the old custom that the Eight Banners used servants and concubines to be martyred in the early Qing Dynasty, which can be supplemented by reference to Qing thomas lee and Qing Tongdian. The story of Fu Shan and his son in Tan Xian and the name of the fifty prime ministers of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty are enough for reference. Although some items are hearsay, they can also fill the gaps in historical records, such as the article "Shi Gebu", which records that Shi Kefa rode a donkey to the Qing army barracks when he refused to be killed in Yangzhou City. Talking about Art accounts for about one third of the book's length, mainly because the author comments on poems and paintings with verve theory and expounds his personal views. Therefore, it is said in the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu that "all nine volumes of talking about art are poems, bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new, which is really a good deed". Some of the entries preserved literary and artistic materials in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, such as Yue Poetry, which recorded the poetry fragments of Qu Dajun and Chen Gongyin, three great poets in Lingnan. The Nine Years Continuation of Cantonese Style is a folk song in central Guangdong compiled by Wu Qi during the reign of Kangxi, and it is a work named Midnight Song by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties. The article Shi Gu Shi says that Han Yu's Shi Gu Ge is better than Du Fu's Biography of Li Chaoba's Little Powder, while the article Po Shi says that Su Shi's five-character poem "Seeing Su Bo Gu off" is like "making mistakes", and the comments are all to the point. However, some common sense in the book is wrong. For example, Liu Yuxi's famous sentence "Qian Fan on the edge of the shipwreck, Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree" was mistaken for Bai Juyi's poem; I mistook Su Shi's poem "I'm as full as ever, and I don't know why I eat chickens and dolphins" for Li's poem.
There are two popular versions of Ikebukuro: Notes Series of Qing Dynasty and Notes Novel Grand View.
The singles are as follows: Ikebukuro Talk, edited by Laysreng, Zhonghua Book Company, 1998 edition; Qilu Bookstore, "Talking about Red", 2009 edition; Ikebukuro Talk Academy Press 1999; I'm talking about Chibei, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, Siku Notes Novel Series, 1993 edition.
Jian Xuan shou Cang
One of the famous notes in Qing Dynasty, there are 40 volumes in 10, sequels, extensive collections, supplementary collections, intensive collections and incomplete collections, and 66 volumes in 15. Written by the Chu people. For the introduction of Chu people, please refer to Introduction to China Ancient Literature (V) Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, a collection of popular novels. Jian Xuan Ji remembers all the ancient and modern laws and regulations, people's deeds, poetry art, social anecdotes, humorous banter, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, four volumes and four books "Don Liu Ru" recorded that Tang Bohu's "Maid Book" gave Chou-heung; In the first episode, Wu people pay attention to the winter solstice and give gifts to each other, which is called "fat winter and thin year" Four episodes and four volumes of City Name and Shi Gandang record different names of market transactions in different places: Tooth Shop in the South, Lucky in the North, City in Lingnan and Sea in Nanchang. Remember the origin of the "Shi Gandang" stone tablet standing at the door. And so on, which can be used for reference by people who study folklore. The third episode, Native Produce, recorded that Shiping was produced in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and hemp and incense were produced in Henan Province, which were used as gifts by officials, causing people to suffer greatly. This material is the most desirable in Jianxuan's collection. There are not many incisive views on poetry and literature in the book; Most stories and textual research are based on the contents of previous notes. As for the book mixed with a lot of trivial and boring things, it is a common problem of Ming people's notes that it is widely accepted but not refined.
The popular versions of Jianxuan Collection include Notes Series of Qing Dynasty and Notes Novel Grand View.
There are: Jian Xuan Ji, Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 1006 edition; Jianxuan Collection, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, Notes of Qing Dynasty, 2007 edition;
Reading world
Notes on Anecdotal History of Qing Dynasty, 10. Ye wrote it. Ye, a native of Songjiang Prefecture (now Songjiang County, Shanghai), was born and died in an unknown year. According to Reading the World, in the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1634), Jin set up a school in southern Shanghai and Ye went to study. Ye is fourteen years old (Mr. Jin), which means Ye was born in the first year of the apocalypse tomorrow (162 1). In addition, Ye's "Sui Koulue" is based on the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688), and there is also a chronicle of Kangxi's thirty years in the book, which shows that the author Kangxi is still alive in the middle period, so it can be inferred that Ye lived to the 1690 s and died in his seventies.
Reading the World * *10 volume, * * * is divided into astronomical phenomena, calendars, water conservancy, disasters, real estate, schools, music, imperial examinations, architecture, academic ethics, achievements, festivals, doors, taxes, corvees, food, planting and so on. It mainly involves the nature, politics, economy, culture, customs, personnel and other aspects of this area centered on Songjiang during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the account is quite detailed. Although its system was chosen for compiling local chronicles, it is particularly useful for historians. The most striking thing about this book is the social and economic information about the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Among them, the fields of land property, taxation, grain and corvee recorded in detail the social economy, people's burden and people's livelihood at that time. For example, the prices of land, rice, cloth, firewood, salt, tobacco, tea, sugar, meat, paper, medicinal materials, dried and fresh fruits, glasses, embroidery and other daily necessities and handicrafts recorded in Volume II and Volume VII of Tian chan, and comparing the price fluctuations from year to year to reflect the changes of land and people's livelihood in Shun and Kang periods, are unattainable. Another example is the sixth volume "Taxation", in which the importance of Songjiang taxation is also very clear and concise. Among them, the situation of Shanghai tobacco in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties is described in detail:
Tobacco leaves first appeared in central Fujian. For young people, I heard that the great ancestors in the past said that' Fujian has smoke, which can intoxicate people and is called dry wine'. There is nothing here. During the Chongzhen period, there was a man named Peng in Yicheng. I don't know where they got the seeds. They planted them locally, took off their leaves and dried them in the shade. So someone processes them, finely cuts them into silk and sells them to distant customers. Locals are afraid to taste them. Later, he came to power and issued a ban, saying that bandits were forbidden to eat, people were not allowed to plant, and businessmen were not allowed to sell. Offenders were punished as accomplices. Peng Sui was the first to sue, but after several accidents, it was absolutely impossible to plant cigarettes. At the beginning of Shunzhi, there was no need to smoke in the army. For a time, vendors talked about it one after another, diversified their seeds and doubled their profits. The initial price was 122 San Qian per catty, but it gradually declined. Today's price is only one yuan, two or three cents per catty, or only a little money, which is rare here.
This passage records the introduction of tobacco, the production and sale of cut tobacco and the ban on smoking in Shanghai. It is a precious material in economic history. Another example is the hairstyle of Manchu women in the early Qing Dynasty, which imitates the hairstyle of Han people. It can be used as folklore data: "At the beginning of Shunzhi, it was seen that Manchu women braided their hair in front of their forehead and divided it backwards, wrapping their heads like the Chinese Baotou system, while the frame was decorated on it, which was effective in the capital and invalid in other provinces."
The book Reading the World contains a series of Shanghai stories. Today: Reading the World, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 198 1 edition.
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