Emotion and emotion are closely related: on the one hand, emotion depends on emotion. The various changes of emotions are generally restricted by the formed emotions and their characteristics; On the other hand, emotions also depend on emotions, and people's emotions always get their own expression in various changing emotions. Without a specific emotional process, human emotions and their characteristics cannot exist realistically. Therefore, in a sense, emotion is the external expression of emotion, and emotion is the essential content of emotion. The same emotion can be expressed in different ways under different conditions. For example, people with patriotic feelings are so excited and happy to see the rapid development of the motherland; When the motherland is ravaged and violated by the enemy, it will be extremely angry and excited; When the motherland is in danger, it will show great anxiety.
Because emotion is often related to the content of social events, emotion is often used as an expression of emotion. Therefore, the development and change of emotions are also realized through emotional changes, that is, any stable emotions are formed on the basis of a large number of emotional experiences (positive and negative in various typical situations). To change a person's mood, it must be achieved gradually by the voice of emotion, and it cannot be aroused quickly and casually.
Emotional adjustment is carried out in the process of emotional occurrence, and different emotional adjustments will occur in different stages of emotional occurrence. Accordingly, he proposed a process model of emotional regulation. According to Ruth's emotional regulation model, there will be emotional regulation in every stage of emotional occurrence, that is, situation selection, situation correction, attention distribution, cognitive change and response regulation.
1, context selection
Situational choice refers to an individual's choice to avoid or approach the people and things he will meet, so as to control the possible emotions. Situational choice is not a random behavior, but often reflects the individual's choice of an appropriate environment, which may be intentional or unintentional. When an individual is already in an emotion-induced situation, the adjustment of situational response occurs after emotional activation, that is, emotions are adjusted by strategies such as enhancing, reducing, prolonging or shortening the response.
Step 2 Correct the situation
Situation correction is an effort and strategy to change emotions by changing and correcting some aspects and characteristics of situations that induce emotions. For example, in the face of a quarreling neighbor, there are three solutions: leave, endure and stop. If you stop and ask for noise reduction, that is the adjustment strategy of situation correction. The choice and correction of situations require individuals to change their environment. But under the premise of not changing situations, emotions can also be adjusted, because each situation also has different aspects and different meanings, so that individuals can change the process of emotion generation by adjusting their attention and understanding.
3. Pay attention to distribution
Attention distribution is to distribute attention to many aspects of the same situation by diverting attention and selective attention. For example, paying attention to only one aspect and ignoring other aspects is the distribution of attention. Distraction is to focus on areas that have nothing to do with emotions, or to divert attention from the current situation. Concentration is a situation of focusing on one aspect for a long time, when individuals can create a self-sustaining state. For example, emotional concentration means focusing on emotional experience and the results of these emotions.
4. Cognitive changes
Cognitive adjustment is an effort to adjust emotions by changing cognition. The generation of emotions requires individuals to give meaning to the perceived situation and evaluate their ability to cope with and manage the situation. Each situational element can have multiple meanings and understandings. The determination and choice of different meanings can change the process of emotional production, thus regulating emotions. The change from the choice of situation to cognition reflects the deepening of information processing process caused by emotional regulation.
5. Reaction regulation
Response regulation refers to the influence of emotional stimulation on psychological experience, behavioral performance, physiological response and other emotional response trends, which is manifested in the behavior of reducing or enhancing emotional response. If someone steps on your foot, he won't apologize. Although you are angry, you will try to control your anger, which is a reducing reaction adjustment. If your mood is aroused by a warm mass public welfare activity, your enthusiasm will be enhanced, which is to enhance response regulation.