The ancient Greek nation has undergone several changes in its development process, and their myths and concepts have also changed constantly in this change. The basic feature of this change is the change from nature worship to human nature worship. People are familiar with the basic characteristics of Greek mythology in this period, that is, people created gods in their own images and endowed them with humanity and even human social relations. The basic difference between God and man is that God is powerful, immortal and carefree. Human beings are weak, will die and have a hard life. They often have to turn to the gods, but they often curse them for doing evil. The ancient Greeks worshipped God, but at the same time they also praised people, their courage and enterprising spirit. The ancient Greeks criticized the personality weaknesses such as pride, cruelty, vanity, greed, violence and stubbornness, and thought that it was these personality weaknesses that often caused the tragedy of life. The ancient Greeks worshipped God, but they didn't give him excessive sublimity, and they didn't take God as the standard of moral measurement. On the contrary, they think they are a reflection of life. Most of the Greek myths and legends known today come from ancient Greek literature and myths, telling the origin of God and the world, God's struggle for the highest position and Zeus' final victory, God's love and quarrel, the influence of God's adventure and strength on the world, including the relationship with natural phenomena such as storms or seasons, places of worship and ceremonies. Greek myths and legends include the Trojan War, Odysseus' Travels, Jason (ι? σ ω ν) Looking for the achievements of golden fleece and Hercules (η ρ α κ λ) theseus's adventure (θ η σ ε) and Oedipus (ο ι δ? που? ) tragedy. In that primitive era, they felt mysterious and difficult to understand natural phenomena and human life and death, so they constantly fantasized and meditated. In their imagination, everything in the universe has life. At this time, they worship heroes, resulting in many national hero stories intertwined with people and gods. Greek mythology includes stories of gods and legends of heroes. The story of God involves the origin of the universe and mankind, the appearance of God and its pedigree. According to legend, there were twelve gods of Olympus in ancient Greece: Zeus, the Lord of the gods, Hera, Tianhou, Poseidon, Poseidon, Hades, Pluto, Athena, the goddess of wisdom, Apollo, the sun god, Artemis, the midwife, hunting and the moon, Aphrodite, the goddess of beauty and love, Ares, war and hephaestus. They are in charge of various phenomena and things in nature and life, forming the Olympus system centered on Zeus. The legend of heroes originated from the worship of ancestors. Most of these legendary heroes are descendants of the man of God, who are demigods and demigods. They have extraordinary physical strength and courage, which embodies the heroic spirit and tenacious will of human beings to conquer nature and becomes the embodiment of the collective strength and wisdom of ancient people. The most famous legend is the twelve great achievements of Hercules. Some people are physically beautiful, others are secular, know the joys and sorrows, and participate in people's activities. The only difference between God and man is that the former lives forever and has no period of death; The latter's life is limited, birth and death. Myth expresses the ancient people's understanding and desire for natural and social phenomena in the form of stories, which is "the natural and social form itself that people fantasize about processing in an unconscious artistic way". Myth usually takes God as the protagonist, including all kinds of natural gods and mythical heroes. The apotheosis plot is generally manifested as change, divine power and magic. The meaning of myth usually shows that ancestors conquered nature. The desire to change society. Myth will come into being only when human beings express their feelings and understanding of society in language. The productivity level of primitive society is very low. In the face of unpredictable and uncontrollable nature, people can't help feeling mysterious and awe, some special catastrophic natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, floods and human diseases and deaths. In particular, it will cause panic. People are born with supernatural gods and magic, and the worship of them naturally has a certain mythical color. Myth was born. Myth is very important to primitive humans. First, people talk about myths in order to maintain the rationality of social customs and social systems. Myth is of great significance for maintaining human sociality. Secondly, due to low productivity, especially in the face of awesome nature, individuals must integrate themselves into the clan to survive. Myth is a powerful spiritual bond connecting individuals and collectives. Thirdly, ancestors accumulated a lot of strong emotions in mysterious daily work and life, and fairy tales can make incomprehensible reality show various dramatic attributes. People vent all kinds of uneasy emotions in their imaginative grasp of the world. The mystery of the Sphinx symbolizes mystery. The cowshed in Ogias symbolizes the dirtiest place in the world, with an iron bed symbolizing rigid dogma. Sorry, I can't remember the name. Go back and check for you. Trojan horse symbolizes Pandora's box, the hidden enemy and the source of all disasters.

Greek culture is the origin of western civilization, and her myth has entered the civilized era step by step with the Greek nation. If the Aegean Sea is the cradle of Greek civilization, Greek mythology is the chandelier on the cradle, illuminating her and growing with her. Ancient Greek mythology is more meaningful now.

Western culture developed under the condition that myth and literature and art promoted each other. Since the Renaissance, Greek mythology has aroused widespread concern and great interest in Europe. Poets and writers use fairy tales as their creative material. Taking English literature as an example, Shakespeare wrote tragedies based on Greek mythology:> and long poems:>. Milton's poem & gt is not long, but it mentions more than 30 Greek mythical figures and stories. /kloc-Romantic poets in Britain and America praised the colorful Greek and Roman myths in the 0/9th century.

Romantic poets are deeply influenced by Greek mythology and like to write poems with mythical materials. Shelley's:><& lt Pan Zhige >> Keats'. Up to now, it is still a beautiful poem of moxibustion crowd praising mythical figures. However, poets often quote myths and allusions, not only for the beauty of the myth itself, but for the poet's thoughts and feelings. They often express their feelings with scenery, express their feelings with examples, express their worries and anger, and criticize the current drawbacks. Keats takes the love story of Endymion and the moon goddess as the theme. Endymion & gt； Express his pursuit of the best love and happiness. Shelley's

Not only in literature, but also in art, there are countless stories about Greek mythology. During the Renaissance, paintings created by masters such as Michelangelo, Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci with mythical themes became immortal masterpieces and precious wealth of human culture. In psychology, Freud borrowed the story of Oedipus who mistakenly killed his father and married his mother, and created the word Oedipus complex, which in psychoanalysis refers to a kind of desire with instinctive impulse as the core. In terms of literary theory, a group of literary theorists headed by Northrop and Frye appeared in the mid-20th century. They believe that all types of literature, every plot layout of all works, including works that seem extremely complicated and very real on the surface, are repeating some basic formulas of myth archetypes and myths. Greek mythology has also greatly enriched English. Some words, such as chaos (chaos), hypnosis (hypnosis), military (military), teasing (teasing) and so on. , all from Greek mythology. Greek mythology is widely circulated in western society, which has far-reaching influence and permeates all aspects of life. Even scientific and technological development plans are named after fairy tales, such as Trident, Apollo, Poseidon and so on. Some mythical names, place names and allusions have already entered our daily life and become common words known to women and children, such as Trojan horse, Pandora's box, apple awkward, Achilles heel and so on.

It is worth noting that the ancient Romans respected Greek culture. When the ancient Greek civilization declined and Rome officially rose, the Romans almost completely accepted the Greek gods, but they were somewhat different in character (because of the differences between Rome and Greece). Greek mythology also spread to all parts of the west through this unified ancient empire Rome, and profoundly influenced the culture, rich materials and reference of the west and the world.

Greek and Roman mythology is a world cultural heritage, which was introduced into Europe through Roman literature. After the Renaissance, it was introduced to Europe.

The development of literature and art has played an important role. Myths enrich literature and art, and excellent literature and art in turn endow ancient myths.

Have a new life. Western culture developed under the condition that myth and literature and art promoted each other.