Question 2: What is the work content of graduation thesis (design) and how to write the key words?
Keyword is a subject word that marks the key theme content of literature, but it has not been standardized. It is a word or term selected from a paper for document indexing to express the main content of the full text. A paper can choose 3 ~ 8 words as keywords.
main body
Generally speaking, the content of the theme of academic papers should include the following three aspects: 1. Facts (examples or phenomena of language, culture, literature, education, society, thoughts, etc. obtained through my actual investigation). The factual basis put forward shall be objective and true, and the source shall be indicated when necessary; 2. Relevant statements of predecessors (including the investigation methods, investigation processes and conclusions of predecessors). In theoretical analysis, we should clearly distinguish other people's views from my own. Whether directly or indirectly citing the achievements of others, the source should be indicated; 3. My analysis, discussion and conclusion, etc. Combine the factual basis, predecessors' achievements and my own analysis organically, and pay attention to the logical relationship between them.
conclusion
The conclusion should be the final and overall conclusion of the graduation thesis, in other words, the conclusion should be the end and destination of the whole thesis, not the conclusion of a local problem or a branch problem, nor the simple repetition of each paragraph of the summary. The conclusion is that the conclusion of this paper should reflect the author's deeper understanding, and it is a new academic general concept and general view drawn from all the materials of the whole paper through logical analysis processes such as reasoning, judgment and induction. Conclusion The word "conclusion" can be used, which requires a concise and accurate explanation of one's creative work or new viewpoint, its significance and function, and also puts forward problems and suggestions that need further discussion. Conclusion should be accurate, complete, clear and concise.
Question 3: How to write the work schedule and the content of the task book in the paper. This is the timetable in my opening report. I think this is a common phenomenon. You should change it a little.
The first stage: 2009. 1. 10-2.28, consulting a large number of literature materials and determining the topic of the thesis;
The second stage: March, 2009.1-3.20, according to the topic of the paper and the specific requirements of the tasks assigned by the tutor, actively do a good job in the preliminary preparation of the paper;
The third stage: March 2, 20091-4.3, completing the topic selection report. Through the topic selection report, get a general understanding of the framework and content of the paper, and with the help of the tutor, sort out the relevant information, make up the blank knowledge points, and prepare for the writing of the paper;
The fourth stage: from April 4, 2009 to April 30, 2009, under the guidance of the tutor, further analyze and sort out the materials and complete the first draft of the paper. Verify the relevant arguments in practical work to improve the practical operability of the paper, hoping that the methods and viewpoints of the paper can be applied and sublimated in practical work;
The fifth stage: May 20091June 7, 2009, discussing with the tutor, summarizing and enriching the research content, and further revising the paper according to the application of the argument in practical work;
The sixth stage: June 8, 2009-June 2009 14, paper review. With the help of the instructor, fully prepare the defense and actively prepare the defense materials;
Seventh stage: June 2009,15 ―― June 2009, 2 1, College and Management Department defended.
Question 4: How to write the opening report and examples of graduation thesis? Have you decided on the topic of your thesis? Did the teacher agree to the topic of the opening report? Have you prepared the format requirements for the opening report?
Is there anything you don't understand? I hope I can help you.
Provide an example of the model essay of the opening report for reference only, hoping to help you write the opening report.
Writing method of opening report
First, the significance and role of the opening report
The opening report is a topic selection plan written by the project leader on the basis of investigation and research, and submitted to the superior for approval after the project direction is determined. This paper mainly explains that this topic needs to be studied, and how to prepare it when conditions permit, which can also be said to be the demonstration and design of the topic. The opening report is an important link to improve the quality and level of topic selection.
The research plan is the work plan of the whole research after the subject is determined and before the formal research is carried out, which initially stipulates the specific contents and steps of all aspects of the research. The research scheme plays a key role in the smooth development of the whole research work, especially for people with less scientific research experience. A good scheme can avoid the situation that we don't know what to do next after a period of time, and ensure that the whole research work is carried out in an orderly way. It can be said that the level of research scheme is an important embodiment of the quality and level of a discipline.
Second, write the basic work that should be done in the research plan.
On the one hand, it is necessary to understand their basic structure and writing methods, but "if you want to learn poetry, your efforts are beyond poetry". It is important to do a lot of basic work before you can write a good opening report and research plan. First of all, we should know the basic situation of other people's research in this field. The most fundamental feature of research work is to be creative. If we are familiar with other people's research in this field, we will not repeat the path taken by others, but will engage in higher-level and more valuable things to study on the basis of other people's research. Secondly, we must master the basic theoretical knowledge related to our own topic, and the theoretical foundation is solid, so that the research work can have a solid foundation. Otherwise, without a theoretical basis, it will be difficult for you to study deeply and really create. Therefore, when conducting scientific research, we must collect information in various ways and strengthen theoretical study, so that we can have more confidence in writing reports and plans and make them more scientific and perfect.
Third, the structure and writing of the research project The research project mainly includes the following aspects:
(a) the name of the project
Principal name is the name of the principal. This seems like a small problem, but in fact, when many people write a topic, they often write it inaccurately and inappropriately, thus affecting the image and quality of the whole topic. This is what most people call "just having children, not naming them". So, how to name the topic?
First, the name should be accurate and standardized.
Accuracy is the name of this subject. It is necessary to make it clear what the subject is and what the research object is. The title of the project must be consistent with the research content, neither too big nor too small. Summarize your research objects and problems accurately. Standardization means that the use of words and sentence patterns should be standardized and scientific, and specious words, slogans and conclusion sentences should not be used. Because we are conducting scientific research, we should express our thoughts and opinions in scientific and standardized language. The topic is the problem we want to solve. This issue is being discussed and studied, and there can be no final tone.
Second, the name should be concise, not too long. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words. I think the names in the application forms of various schools are relatively simple, so I won't say much.
(b) the purpose and significance of the study.
The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role the research of this topic has, and then writing out the theoretical and academic value of the topic. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. Don't write all the general slogans such as adhering to the party's educational policy, implementing quality education and improving the quality of education and teaching. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the research (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is it based on and what is it inspired by ... >>
Question 5: How to write the reasons for the graduation thesis! The basis of the topic selection includes: the subject nature, theoretical significance and practical significance of the topic selection; Analysis of domestic research status. The research plan includes: research content, problems that need to be broken through in the research, research methods to be adopted, characteristics and innovations, and references related to the topic selection. The basis of choosing the topic is the background and significance of your paper, and at the same time, through the research of the paper, solve the problem and summarize the above contents.
Hello, classmate, which direction did your teacher ask you to write your project cost report?
What are the requirements for the opening report?
How many words does the opening report need?
You can tell me the specific typesetting format requirements. I hope I can help you and wish the topic selection of the opening report success.
Open a report
Student:
First, the significance of the topic
1, theoretical significance
2. Practical significance
Second, the summary of the paper.
1, the origin and evolution of the theory
2. A summary of foreign related research.
3. Summary of domestic research.
4. My opinions on the above summary.
Third, the outline of the paper.
Fourth, the progress of thesis writing
How to write an opening report?
First of all, we should sort out the information collected in the preparatory work, including the name, content, theoretical basis, participants, organizational arrangements and division of labor, estimated time and funds, etc.
The first is the drafting of the title. The topic has been established in the preparatory work, so the topic of the opening report is not a problem. Just write down your research topic directly. For example, I once instructed a group of students to study the Lunjiao culture, such as "Lunjiao cake", Lunjiao woodworking machinery, and Lunjiao cultural relics. The proposed topic is "Research on Lunjiao Culture".
The second is the writing of content. The main contents of the opening report include the following parts:
First, the research background. The so-called discipline background mainly refers to why we should study this discipline, so some disciplines simply call this part "asking questions", which means why we should ask this question, or why we should ask this discipline. For example, in the background of a project I directed, "Research on Lunjiao Culture", it is said that in the wave of reform and opening up, Lunjiao, as a corner of the Pearl River Delta, has a rapid economic development. At the same time, what is the development of her culture, what achievements it has, what impact it has on residents, and what needs to be improved. Of course, there are many contents of background description, which can be social background or natural background. The key is what we have determined.
Second, the content of the study. The content of the subject research, as its name implies, is what our subject should study. For example, the subject "The New Eight Scenes of Foshan" directed by Mr. Huang Shu of our school, the research content is: "Focusing on the New Eight Scenes of Foshan, investigating the yesterday, today and tomorrow of Foshan's historical and cultural precipitation, and combining with the economic development trend of Foshan, making a feasibility report and development plan for developing cultural tourism with the new eight sceneries and new weather."
Third, the purpose and significance of the study.
The purpose of the study should be to describe what you hope to achieve in this study or what you hope to get. For example, the research topic of "Re-taking the Long March Road" directed by Mr. Ye in our school is described in the column of its research objectives:
1. By reappearing the course of the Long March and recalling the great achievements of the Red Army soldiers, we have a deeper understanding and feeling of the general situation of the Long March, what difficulties and obstacles we encountered on the way, and what the spirit of the Long March is.
2. Through the division of labor, cooperation, communication, presentation and explanation among the students in the group, cultivate the spirit of cooperation and participation and the ability of self-presentation.
3. Through this activity, students' information technology has been improved and their information literacy has been further improved.
Fourth, research methods.
In the part of "research methods", we should put forward the ways or procedures for our research group to solve this problem. Generally speaking, the research methods of research-based learning are: field investigation (the method of organizing students to conduct field investigation in their places of study, so as to draw conclusions), questionnaire investigation (the method of setting some questions according to the situation of the subject and the content to be understood, and investigating relevant personnel in the form of questionnaire), personal interview (the method of directly interviewing relevant personnel to master first-hand information) and literature investigation (by consulting various materials, charts, etc.) & gt
Question 6: How to write the research ideas, research methods, technical routes and implementation steps of the research methods in the graduation thesis?
1, learn what? -How to determine the research topic?
All scientific research begins with problems-problems are topics; Teaching is research (mastering methods is very important, otherwise it is not research); Progress and achievement are growth.
Educational research topics mainly come from two aspects:
A source of practice-objective or potential practical problems in education and problems existing in education and teaching practice itself.
The contradiction between education and teaching and the outside (teachers and parents, teachers and schools, schools and society, education and social development).
B theoretical sources-problems revealed by existing educational theories and gaps and contradictions in the theoretical system (for example, the process of the article "Cold Thinking on the Integration of Information Technology and Curriculum").
2. How to demonstrate the research topic?
Since you have chosen a subject, you should know all about it. Understand the research status of this topic at home and abroad, including the achievements and existing problems, and understand the theoretical system to which this topic belongs. A comprehensive understanding of the subject can make us take fewer detours in the research process and establish the main direction of research. This is what we often say: "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle."
How to demonstrate a topic? The demonstration of a subject is mainly to clarify the following questions:
A. What is the nature and type of the problem to be studied?
B. what is the practical significance of the problem to be studied? Its theoretical value (that is, what breakthroughs are expected in theory? )
C. what research results have been achieved on the issues to be studied? What is the research direction?
D. analyze the conditions of the studied problem.
E. What are the research strategies and steps?
F. What are the results of the study and their manifestations?
3, the basic methods of educational research are:
(1) observation method (2) investigation method (3) test method (4) action research method (5) literature method (6) experience summary method (7) case study method (8) case study method.
⑼ Experimental method (in the research process of a subject, more than two methods are often used according to different research purposes and requirements).
3. 1 observation: in order to know the truth, we can find the essence and law of a phenomenon.
Steps of observation method: the implementation of observation method is divided into the following three steps, one of which is the design of observation research, which can be divided into the following aspects:
3. 1. 1 for general investigation and exploratory observation.
The purpose of this step is not to collect materials, but to grasp the basic situation so as to plan the whole observation process correctly. For example, to observe a teacher's teaching work, we should go to school in advance to learn about the teacher's work, students' situation, relevant environment and conditions, and so on. This can be done by talking with teachers and school leaders and consulting some related materials, such as teaching plans, teaching diaries, students' homework and lectures.
3. 1.2 Determine the purpose and center of observation.
According to the characteristics of the research task and research object, what problems should be considered, what materials and conditions are needed, and then make clear provisions. If this provision is not clear, observation cannot be concentrated and the result cannot be in-depth. Don't have a few observation centers, and don't have a wide range. All observations should be made around a center. If you have to observe several centers, then observe them in groups and cooperate with each other.
3. 1.3 Determine the observation object
First, determine the overall scope to be observed;
The second is to determine the case object to be observed;
The third is to determine the specific items to be observed.
For example, in our spare time, we want to study the business and culture of the graduates of secondary normal schools or junior colleges newly assigned to teach in primary schools, so the overall observation is the new teachers who have worked for one or two years. Within this overall scope, we will decide which primary schools to observe and which teachers in which teaching and research groups to observe. After the specific observation list is determined, the time, place and specific observation items to be observed shall be determined.
3. 1.4 Make an observation plan
In addition to defining the purpose, center and scope of observation, as well as what problems to understand and what data to collect, the observation plan should also arrange the observation process: observation times, density, duration of each observation, and how to ensure the normality of observation phenomena.
3. 1.5 planning and preparing observation means
Observation means generally include two kinds:
One is to get >>
Question 7: How to write the column of research methods of the thesis? Project report refers to a written explanation of scientific research project by the sponsor. This is a new applied style, which is produced with the enhancement of the planning of modern scientific research activities and the need of programmed management of scientific research topics. The opening report is generally in tabular format, and each item to be reported is converted into a corresponding column, which is convenient for the opening report to fill in by item and avoid omission; It is also convenient for the judges to see at a glance and grasp the main points.
The opening report includes four aspects: summary, key technology, feasibility analysis and time arrangement.
The opening report is one of the basic materials for the graduation thesis defense Committee to examine students' defense qualifications.
Because the opening report is the main idea of the paper in words, it doesn't have to be too long, but it should include the planned research topic, how to study it, the application of theory and other major issues.
The general part of the opening report should first propose the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research status, theoretical application and research methods of related topics.
The opening report is a statement made by the topic selector to relevant experts, scholars and scientific and technological personnel. Then they will comment on the scientific research topics. You can also use Delphi method to score; Then the scientific research management department comprehensively evaluates the opinions and decides whether to approve the project. The contents of the opening report are as follows: project name, undertaker, project leader, starting and ending years, and registration outline. The registration outline includes:
(1) The purpose, significance, research survey at home and abroad, main viewpoints and conclusions of relevant literature;
(2) Research object, research content, relevant indicators and main research methods (including whether experimental research has been conducted);
(3) the overall schedule;
(4) preparatory work and existing conditions (including personnel, instruments and equipment, etc.). );
(5) The main equipment and instruments to be added (use, name, specification, model, quantity, price, etc.). );
(6) Budget estimates;
(7) Expected research results;
(8) Undertaking units and main cooperative units, and division of labor, etc.
Peer review focuses on judging the basis, significance and technical feasibility of the topic. That is, science and technology itself provide the necessary basis for decision-making.
Format of Opening Report (General)
Because the opening report is the general idea of the paper embodied in words, it doesn't need to be too long, but it should include two parts: general introduction and outline, so as to clarify the main problems of the planned research, how to study and the application of the theory.
1 overview
The general part of the opening report should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research status, theoretical application, research methods and necessary data of related topics.
2 outline
The outline of the paper included in the opening report can be very thick, which is a basic framework for research ideas. It can be in the form of a whole sentence or an outline. In the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to let people know the basic framework of the paper, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as the paper catalogue.
3 references
The opening report shall include a list of relevant references.
4 requirements
The opening report should have a cover, with a total of not less than 4 pages. The layout format shall meet the following requirements.
Open a report
Student:
First, the significance of the topic
1, theoretical significance
2. Practical significance
Second, the summary of the paper.
1, the origin and evolution of the theory
2. A summary of foreign related research.
3. Summary of domestic research.
4. My opinions on the above summary.
Third, the outline of the paper.
Foreword,
One,
1、
2、
3、
Second,
1、
2、
3、
Third,
1、
2、
3、
conclusion
Fourth, the progress of thesis writing
Outline of graduation thesis opening report
First, the cover of the opening report: the title, department, major, grade, name and tutor of the paper.
Second, the purpose, significance and research survey at home and abroad
Thirdly, the theoretical basis, research methods and research contents of this paper.
Four. Research status and possible problems
Verb (short for verb) expected result
Schedule of intransitive verbs ... >>
Question 8: Analyze the driving system characteristics of several domestic cars. How to write the division of labor in the opening report of graduation thesis? 10 points to analyze the driving system characteristics of several domestic cars.
Organizational division of labor
I can give you this.
Question 9: How to write the main contents of the thesis opening report? The contents of the opening report of the paper mainly include: title, abstract, significance of topic selection, research survey at home and abroad, main research contents and key problems to be solved, demonstration basis and research innovation, research methods, steps, technical route and feasibility demonstration to be adopted, overall arrangement and specific progress of research work, and bibliography.
1.
Abstract: It means "extract the essence of the full text", so be meticulous and don't talk nonsense. Summarize the research background, research purpose, research methods, research contents and main conclusions. Research content should account for more than 40% of the page.
It should be independent, that is, the necessary information can be obtained without reading the full text of reports and papers, and abstracts generally contain important information such as data and conclusions. The content of the abstract should contain information as important as reports and papers, so that readers can determine whether it is necessary to read the full text. Generally, the purpose, experimental methods, results and final conclusions of the research work should be explained, and the results and conclusions should be highlighted. These parts are written as follows:
(1) Research background. It is the big environment in which your research problem is located. This environment includes some practical realities, what research predecessors have done on this kind of problems, the research status of the selected direction so far, and some unique views on the topic, why did you choose such a topic for research, what objections do you have to the previous research results and views, and the influence of knowledge or practice related to the topic.
(2) Research purpose. The purpose of the study is to point out what problems can be solved through the study of this problem, and whether the solution of these problems will have some significant impact in practical application. A series of problems encountered in practice can be used as the initial motivation for your research. How are these problems defined in theory, divided and solved according to the previous methods? After such a series of explorations, your research purpose is finally clear.
(3) Research methods. On the premise of understanding the research background and purpose, the rest is to choose the appropriate research methods. Specifically, different disciplines generally have different methods, even for the same discipline, there are many research methods. The most common research methods of MBA thesis writing are: investigation, case analysis, comparative research, historical research and integration of theory with practice. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two categories: one is qualitative analysis; The other is quantitative analysis.
(4) Research content. The writing of research content should be specific. For example, it can be written as follows: at present, the sales of this enterprise are growing steadily, but there are also problems such as the decrease of large customers, the dealers fleeing goods and the insufficient investment in advertising. Therefore, this paper puts forward the marketing improvement strategy centered on CRM implementation, including strengthening channel management and increasing online advertising. This content is vivid and not empty.
(5) Main conclusion: What main results have you got through the research? The conclusion is the induction of the full text and the inevitable result of the analysis and reasoning of the full text.
2. Subject words/keywords
The purpose of keywords is to let others find your article accurately. Generally speaking, keywords are research fields, main theories, main research methods and tools. Subject words should be arranged in descending order of coverage, such as supply management and supplier evaluation of supply chain procurement. Words with general concepts, such as "research", "strategy", "countermeasures", "Anhui" and "Hefei", cannot be used as keywords alone. There are spaces between Chinese keywords and commas between English keywords. It is not advisable for some people to simply take a few words from the title of the paper as the subject words.
Step 3 choose the basis
It is necessary to explain the research significance of this topic and analyze the research status and development trend at home and abroad related to this research topic.
Research significance: the research significance is not what you want to study, but what is the significance after you study this topic and have the results. Generally speaking, research can be written from the significance of this topic to enterprises, industries and countries.
Research Status and Trend: In the research status, it is necessary to list who put forward what opinions when. Especially how the famous experts in their field studied this problem, they must write it down. If you can't find too many related documents, you can appropriately broaden the scope to find documents, and don't simply conclude that there are not many studies. The original trend should also be quoted by authoritative institutions and people at home and abroad, and it should be described clearly. You can't take it for granted to write.
Step 4 refer to
......& gt& gt