As for the difference between them, the Technical Standards and Specifications of China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition) clearly tries to distinguish them from the aspects of content, form and arrangement position.

1. "References are the bibliographies that the author refers to when writing, which are generally listed in the text; Annotation is a further explanation or supplementary explanation of a specific content in the text of a work, which is usually printed at the end of the page. The serial numbers of references are marked with square brackets, and the notes are marked with numbers and circles (such as ① and ②). "

2. This rule, which tries to distinguish between the two, is very operable in actual writing. In actual operation, there are often two situations: one is to take all quotations as references, and the other is that there are few or most notes in the paper.