Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu (960-976)
Zhao Kuangyi, Song Taizong (976-997)
Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong (997- 1022)
Zhao Zhen, Song Renzong (1022 ——1063)
Zhao Shu, Song Yingzong (1063 ——1067)
Zhao Xu, Song Shenzong (1067 ——1085)
Zhao Xu, Song Zhezong (1085—1 100)
Evonne, Song Huizong (1100—1125)
Zhao Huan, Song Qinzong (1125—1127)
Southern Song Dynasty
Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong (1127—1162)
Zhao Shen, Song Xiaozong (1162—1189)
Zhao Dun, Song Guangzong (1189—1194)
Zhao Kuo, Song Ningzong (1 194—1224)
Zhao Yun of Song Lizong (1224 ——1264)
Zhao Qi, Song Duzong (1264 ——1274)
Evonne, Song Gongdi (1274 ——1276)
Song Duanzong Zhao Shi (1276—1278)
Song You Helped Zhao Min (1278 ——1279)
In the Song Dynasty, after Emperor Gong succeeded to the throne in the later Zhou Dynasty, he was appointed as our ambassador to Germany, and the German army was stationed in Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan). The following year, Zhao Kuangyin mutinied and acceded to the throne in Chen Qiao. Because of its prosperity in Songzhou, its country is called "Song" and its capital is Bianliang (now Kaifeng). During the reign of Jingkang, Jin Bing captured Bianjing and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Huizong, rebuilt the Song Dynasty in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), which was called "Southern Song Dynasty" in history.
After being killed in the sea, tens of thousands of bodies floated on the sea the next day, so it is really touching to say that there is no China behind the cliff.
1. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin
Zhao Kuangyin (927-976), the founder of the Northern Song Dynasty in China, was born in Song Taizu and Zhuozhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei). Zhao was born in an official family, the second son of Zhao. In 948, Guo Wei, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, made great contributions. In 95 1 year, after Guo Wei proclaimed himself emperor, Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as an imperial envoy and was inspected in front of the temple. After Zhou Shizong's death, Zhou Shizong acceded to the throne. In the first year of Stegosaurus (960), in the name of Zhen and Ding Erzhou, he lied that the Khitan joined forces with the Northern Han Dynasty to invade the south on a large scale, led the troops to war, launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny", proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Zhou, established the Song Dynasty, and made Kaifeng its capital. After Zhao Kuangyin proclaimed himself emperor, he defeated Nanping, Houshu, Nanhan, Nantang and Xiang's separatist regime, unified the whole country, and ended the situation of division and melee in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries.
During Zhao Kuangyin's reign, he learned the lesson of the eunuch's autocracy and separatist regime in the Tang Dynasty, accepted the advice of the sage Zhao Pu, and removed the post of military attache by "a glass of wine", thus "valuing literature over martial arts" and strengthening centralization. As a result, there was no eunuch monopoly and separatist regime in the Song Dynasty, and the society was relatively stable. However, it also led to the "poverty and weakness" in the Song Dynasty, and foreigners invaded one after another. However, literature, philosophy, fine arts and science and technology in the Song Dynasty were extremely developed because they valued literature over martial arts. In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Zhao Kuangyin died suddenly during the northern expedition to Qidan, at the age of 50.
2. Song Taizong Zhao Huan
Song Taizong (939-997), the second emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty (reigned 967-997), was named Zhao Xuan. Mao's younger brother, originally named Kuang Yi, was later changed to Guang Yi. After he acceded to the throne, he changed his name and reigned for 22 years. Zhao is the third son and the younger brother of the founding monarch of the Northern Song Dynasty. His real name is, and Mao changed his name to after he ascended the throne. Song Taizong is very successful, diligent in government affairs and concerned about people's livelihood; However, because he failed to cut Liao twice, Wang Xiaobo launched a peasant uprising in Sichuan. But on the whole, during his reign, the Song Dynasty was still relatively strong.
He took part in the mutiny in Chen Qiaoyi and made his younger brother emperor. He inherited Mao's policy of "breaking the separatist regime one by one", forced Yue to cede territory, and personally conquered the Northern Han Dynasty, trying to recover sixteen states of Youyun. However, after two defeats against Liao, they adopted the policy of passive defense. Internally, we will further strengthen centralization, expand the system of taking scholars in imperial examinations, and build Chongwen Academy to compile Taiping Yulan. He paid attention to building water conservancy projects and reclaiming wasteland, which intensified the exploitation in the later period of his rule and aroused the uprisings of Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun. He betrayed the "Golden Chamber Alliance", killed his younger brother and left his eldest son Yuan for the people. He died in Bianjing Wanshoutang in 997 at the age of 59.
3. Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong
Song Zhenzong (968- 1022), Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty (997- 1022), named Zhao Heng, was originally named Zhao Dechang, and was the third emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. He is Song Taizong's third son. Before he ascended the throne, he was called Hanwang, Xiang Wang and Shou Wang. In 997, the prince succeeded to the throne. During the reign of Song Zhenzong, the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty became more and more stable, the state management became more and more perfect, and the Northern Song Dynasty was relatively strong. He was once named Hanwang, Xiangwang and Shouwang. Later, he became a prince. During the early reign of Xianping and Jingdezhen, due to their diligence in political affairs and economic development, they were known as ruling the world. However, in the first year of Jingdezhen (1004), Liao invaded Zhou Qiguo, and the battle of Qiyuan established an alliance under the city, which set a precedent of seeking peace and exchanging things for peace in that year and increased the burden on the people. Later, Wang Qinruo was appointed as an auspicious person, sealing Mount Tai in the east and worshiping Fenyang in the west, and extensively building Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, which led to the intensification of social contradictions. He died in Yanqing Hall of Beijing Palace in 2008+0022 at the age of 55 and was buried in Yongding Mausoleum for 25 years.
4. Song Renzong Zhao Zhen
Song Renzong (1010-1063) was the emperor of the northern song dynasty (1022-1063). Zhao Zhen, formerly known as Youyi, is the sixth son of Song Zhenzong. Born in Dazhong in the third year of Xiangfu (A.D. 10 10), he became the Crown Prince in10/8, and was named Zhao Zhen. 1023 proclaimed himself emperor at the age of 13. His rule began to become frugal. However, after repeated defeats in the Xixia War, he was forced to compromise with silver, silk and tea to increase the annual currency and make peace with Liao. Land annexation, redundant palaces, redundant soldiers, and redundant expenses are becoming more and more serious. Although Fan Zhongyan and others were used for reform, the result failed. But generally speaking, during the reign of Injong, the country was relatively stable. 1063, Injong died in Funing Hall in the palace at the age of 54. According to the History of Song Dynasty, his mother Shi Li was stolen as her own son by Liu Defai after giving birth to Renzong. After Injong acceded to the throne, he still recognized Queen Liu as his biological mother, and Li dared not recognize mother and son when he died. After the death of Queen Liu, Injong knew the inside story and made Li the empress dowager. Later generations wrote "Civet cats for princes" according to this history.
5. Song Yingzong Zhao Shu
Zhao Shu (A.D. 1032- 1067), the great grandson of Emperor Taizong, was the fifth emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his reign was 1063- 1067. He is the thirteenth son of the former fourth generation emperor Song Renzong, with the permission of his brother. When he was in power, he was mediocre and declined in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Injong had no children, and Injong was raised by Injong in the palace when he was young, and was named Zongbao. /kloc-in 0/050, he was appointed as the ambassador of Yongyue State, and later as the defense ambassador of Qin Zhou. 1055 made him an heir. During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, Han Qi, an old minister, was unwilling to reform, but there was no war with Liao and Xixia. 1067, died in Funing Hall in the palace. He was buried with Gao Hou, Di Qing and Yang in Yu Ling for four years.
6. Song Shenzong Zhao Yong
Song Shenzong, Zhao Yong (A.D. 1048 ~ 1085), formerly known as Zhong Cheng. The eldest son of Yingzong. Yingzong succeeded to the throne after his death. /kloc-died in 0/8, aged 38, and was buried in Yongyuling (now Dongbao, southwest dike of Gongxian County, Henan Province). God Zhao Zhuan was named King Huaiyang and King Ying successively. Yingzong was made a prince when he died. He likes reading Han Feizi. After reading it, he said, "There are many disadvantages in the world, and we need to reform." Yingzong died on the fourth day of the first month of A.D. 1067 and succeeded to the throne on the same day. The following year, his year number was changed to "Xining". After Zhao Yong acceded to the throne, in the face of the serious situation of "poor and weak" in the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to make Qiang Bing rich, ease class contradictions and save the crisis of feudal rule, he ignored the palace, abandoned his elders and began to use Wang Anshi to preside over the political reform. The implementation of the new law for more than ten years has increased the state's fiscal revenue and enhanced its military strength. However, the new law touched the interests of big landlords and was strongly opposed by conservative officials. At that time, there was an earthquake landslide in a place, and conservatives said that Wang Anshi's political reform was improper, which caused God's anger. In A.D. 1073, Hebei suffered in the early morning and the victims were forced to flee. A conservative official took the opportunity to draw a map of refugees and presented it to Zhao Yong, saying, "The early disaster was caused by Wang Anshi's political reform. As long as we stop the political reform and get rid of him, God will rain to eliminate disasters. " The Empress Dowager Cao and the Empress Dowager Gao also cried in front of them that Wang Anshi had messed up the world and demanded that the new law be stopped. Zongshen wavered, and Wang Anshi was forced to resign twice and never became an official again. After Wang Anshi resigned, Zhao Yong maintained most of the new laws for nearly ten years until his death. In the war with Xixia, Wang Shao was appointed in the early stage, which won the battle of Xihe River and recovered 2,000 miles of old Han land. The late eunuch Li Xian suffered a fiasco in Lingwu because of improper command. Zongshen got the news in the middle of the night and got up and paced, but Dadan didn't sleep, so he was ill. In February 1085, he was seriously ill. In March, he appointed Zhao's servant as the Prince and asked the Empress Dowager to cooperate in handling state affairs. On the day of the Reform Movement of 1898, he died in Funing Hall, Bianjing Palace. After Zhao Yong's death, the name of this temple was Zongshen.
7. Song Zhezong Zhao Xu
Song Zhezong Zhao Xu (A.D. 1077- 1 100), the seventh emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty (reigned 1086- 1 100), was the sixth son of former emperor Song Shenzong, formerly known as Maid. When Zongshen was dying, he was made a prince. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen died, and Zhao Xu proclaimed himself emperor. For the sake of Song Zhezong, he changed his name to "Yuan You". He died in Bianjing, reigned for fifteen years, and was buried in Yongtai Mausoleum at the age of twenty-four. When Zhezong ascended the throne, he was only 10 years old and was ruled by the empress dowager. After the Empress Dowager Gao came to power, Sima Guang, a die-hard official, was appointed as prime minister. As soon as Sima Guang came to power, he abolished all the "Wang Anshi Reform" (Xining Reform) during Zongshen's rule. Song Zhezong was dissatisfied with the rule and repression of Sima Guang and Empress Dowager Gao. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Empress Dowager Gao died, and Zhezong was in charge. Philosophers' pro-politics showed that Sima Guang was chased down, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other old party member in Lingnan (now Guangxi) were demoted, and then Zhang Dun, Ceng Bu and other reformists were reused to restore Wang Anshi's Jiabao law, exemption law and young crops law. In the political reform, the burden on farmers will be reduced and the country will become better. The following year, he changed to be less holy, stopped negotiations with Xixia, and sent troops to crusade against Xixia many times, forcing Xixia to make peace with the Song Dynasty. Fu Yuan died in Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) in June of 5438+0 in the third year (1 100). Zhezong was a successful emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the party struggle between the new party and the old party was not resolved, but intensified during Song Zhezong's administration, laying the groundwork for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
8. Song Huizong Evonne
Song Huizong (1082- 1 135) was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Shenzong's eleventh son, Evonne, was the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty in China, and he also had quite high artistic attainments. He is engaged in painting and calligraphy, and is famous for flower-and-bird painting and "thin gold book" calligraphy. Xue Ji, a beginner in calligraphy, and Huang Tingjian, a calligrapher. Regular script is thin, vigorous and beautiful, and has the reputation of "bending iron to break gold". It has its own system and is known as "thin gold body" internationally. Handed down from ancient times are True Grass Thousand Characters and Xie Lin Lanting Silk Edition. His brother Song Zhezong had no children and passed them on to him after his death. After 25 years in office (1100-1125), Evonne pursued extravagant life excessively, bought "flower stones" in the south, collected exotic flowers and stones, and transported them to Bianjing to build a garden palace. He believes in Taoism and calls himself. When nomads from the invasion, unable to cope with, he quickly handed over to his son Song Qinzong, and he himself became the "emperor's father", but in the end the situation was irreparable. Both father and son were captured and tortured by the nomads from the north, and died in Yilan, Heilongjiang eight years later.
9. Song Qinzong Zhao Huan
Song Qinzong (1100-1156) was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. My name is Zhao Huan. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), the nomads from the army went south, and their father, Hui Zong, ascended the throne. The following year, he was forced to use the hawkish Li Gang to resist gold and behead the deposed Cai Jing party. But I still promised to pay compensation and cut Taiyuan for peace. After Bianjing City was broken, gold fell and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he and Hui Zong were exiled to the north as nomadic people and imprisoned in Wu Guocheng (now Yilan, Heilongjiang). 1 16 1 year, Zhao Huan was trampled to death by a horse in the state of Jin at the age of 57, and his burial place is unknown.
Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong
10. Song Gaozong (1107-1187) was the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. My name is Zhao Gou. Huizongzi. In the second year of Jingkang (ll27), after capturing Hui and Qin, Jin Bing went north and ascended the throne in Yingtianfu, Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan) to rebuild Yan. Rejecting the anti-gold claim of the main war faction, he fled south to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) as the capital and established the Southern Song regime. During his reign, although forced by the situation, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other generals resisted the Jin people, but Qin Gui, the capitulator, was reused. After that, he made peace with the Jin people under humiliating conditions such as ceding land, paying tribute and surrendering, and took over the military power of three generals, including Han Shizhong, and killed Yue Fei. In 1 16 1 year, Di Chin Yan Hongliang tore up the peace talks and invaded the south again. Gaozong's national policy of seeking peace through humiliation was strongly opposed. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Xiaozong was established, calling himself the emperor's father. 1 187, died in Deshou Hall, Lin 'an Palace, at the age of 8 1, and was buried in Yongsiling. He is the author of Mo Hanzhi.
1 1. Zhao Shen, Song Xiaozong
Song Xiaozong Zhao Tuo (A.D.1127-1194), after Xiaozong ascended the throne, decided to restore the Central Plains and recover the rivers and mountains, and then restored the famous "Wu Mu" of Yue Fei posthumous title, made Yue Fei the Duke of Hubei, and deprived Qin Gui. Subsequently, the Jin army pursued the victory, and the troops in the Southern Song Dynasty suffered heavy losses. In the second year of Longxing (1 164), Song Xiaozong was forced to sign the Longxing Peace Conference with the State of Jin. The following year, it was changed to "main road" and Wang Huai was appointed to prepare for the war. During the trunk road years, because there was no interference of war, Song Xiaozong specialized in psychology and politics, the people were rich, the crops were plentiful, and they enjoyed peace, which changed the corrupt situation of the Gaozong dynasty. Because of Song Xiaozong's good governance of the country, a well-off situation of "dry and pure governance" (trunk road, pure and pure) appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. Xiaozong was a successful emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the 14th year of Xichun (1 187), in June of 5438+00, Gaozong died of illness. Filial piety to mourn, let the prince Zhao Dunshen to participate in the pre-government. In the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), in February, Zen was located in Prince Edward. After the prince ascended the throne, it was for Song Guangzong. Xiao Cheng claimed to be the emperor's father, lived in China Hall and continued to mourn for Emperor Gaozong. Guangzong and Xiaozong are at odds and haven't visited Xiaozong for a long time. To this end, filial piety depression into a disease. Finally, in the fifth year of Shaoxi in Song Guangzong (1 194), Xiaozong died in Zhonghua Temple in Lin 'an.
12. Song Guangzong Zhao Dun
Song Guangzong Zhao Dun (A.D. 1 147- 1200) was one of the more fatuous emperors in the Song Dynasty in Song Guangzong. He was succeeded to the throne by his father Song Xiaozong at the age of 43. Song Guangzong is sickly, and he has no ability to govern the country. Moreover, Guangzong listened to the slanderers of treacherous court officials and dismissed Xin Qiji and other martial ministers. At that time, the famous jealous woman and ruthless Li Xinyu came to power, and the traitor was in power. State affairs turned from Qingming Festival in Song Xiaozong to corruption, while Song Guangzong himself ignored state affairs and indulged in debauchery. Guangzong has always been at odds with Xiaozong. After Song Xiaozong abdicated, he didn't visit abroad for a long time. In the fifth year of Shao Xi (1 194), Song Xiaozong fell ill, and Song Guangzong neither invited anyone to see a doctor nor visited Xiaozong. Even if Xiaozong died, he did not mourn. As a result, ministers Han Biaozhou and Zhao Ruyu forced Guangzong to abdicate with the permission of Empress Dowager Tai. Guangzong had to give way to the expansion of Zhao Wang, who lived in Shoukang Palace in Lin 'an and called himself "the Emperor's Father". In the spring of the 6th year of Qingyuan (1200), Guangzong died of unhappiness and was buried in Yong chongling.
13. Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo
Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo (A.D. 1 168- 1224), the fourth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was named Qingyuan. After Ningzong acceded to the throne, Zhao Ruyu and Han Shuzhou were appointed. The struggle between Zhao and North Korea is fierce. Zhao Ruyu, the prime minister, advocated Neo-Confucianism and introduced Zhu in an attempt to organize Han Tuozhou to participate in politics. Ningzong ousted Zhao Ruyu, an authoritarian party in North Korea. Theorem is also pseudo-science, and Zhao Ruyu, Zhu and others are forbidden to hold official positions and take the imperial examinations. This is the "Qingyuan Party Ban". 1202 to announce the ban. Ningzong also made Yue Fei king of Hubei and stripped Qin Gui of his title, which cheered the people and hit the capitulators. 1206, Han yazhou ventured north, was defeated, and was victimized by Queen Yang, so the pacifists took control of state affairs. 1208, under the control of history, he entered into a humiliating "Jiading Peace Conference" with Jin, calling himself Bo and paying tribute to the Jin Dynasty. After the death of Han Tuozhou, Shi became the prime minister and envoy of the Tang Dynasty, monopolizing the major policies of the Song Dynasty. History restored the title and office. During the Song Ningzong period, the Song Dynasty was relatively stable and the people were relatively rich. Song Ningzong also resumed his position of Neo-Confucianism. 1224, died in the palace. Thirty years in office, 57 years old, buried in Yu Yongmao Ridge.
14. Song Lizong Zhaoyun
Song Lizong Zhao Yun (A.D. 1205- 1264) was the fifth emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty. Ningzong adopted son. His reign was from 1224 to 1264. Song Lizong is not a prince, but a relative of the royal family in Song Dynasty. He is the ninth grandson of Zhao Kuangyin's son Zhao Dezhao. After the death of his predecessor, the prime minister abolished the prince and made him emperor. Song Lizong is very incompetent. After he acceded to the throne, he handed over all the state affairs to Shi, and he didn't ask about state affairs at all. Song Lizong didn't lead the country until 1233 died, but he was still not interested in politics. He handed over state affairs to Daquan Ding, the prime minister who worshiped Neo-Confucianism. 1234 Southern Song Dynasty combined with Mongolia to destroy gold. 1259, when Mongolia attacked Ezhou, Prime Minister Jia Sidao surrendered to Mongolia in the name of Song Lizong, and completely ceded the land north of the Yangtze River to Mongolia. From 1264 to 10, Li Zong died in Lin 'an, reigned for 40 years, aged 60, and was buried in Yongmuling.
15. Song Duzong Zhao Qi
Song Duzong Zhao Qi (A.D. 1240- 1274) was in office 1265- 1274, and died at the age of 35. When Song Duzong grew up, he was very incompetent. When he ascended the throne, the ruler had been extinct for many years, and the army of the Northern Yuan Dynasty marched southward on a large scale, which was a national disaster. However, he handed over the power of the country to the traitor Jia Sidao. Politics is very corrupt and dark, and people's lives are very poor. But he was still desperate, extravagant, dissolute and debauched, and the Song Dynasty was incurable and hopeless, only waiting for extinction. The Northern Yuan Army sent troops to attack the Southern Song Dynasty many times. Although the Song court was decadent, the resistance of the broad masses of soldiers and civilians forced the Yuan army to retreat. After Du Zong ascended the throne, the Yuan army stormed Xiangfan. This time is the key battle to decide the rise and fall of the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty. But Jia Sidao kept it a secret, saying that he won, and Du Zong didn't question it at all. Finally, at the beginning of the tenth year of Xianchun (1274), the Yuan army attacked Xiangfan, which had been besieged for five years, and sounded the death knell for the Song Dynasty. Hearing this, Song Duzong suddenly fainted, but he still drowned his sorrows in wine. Soon died of excessive wine and color. 1July, 274, Du Zong died in the palace at the age of 35 and reigned for ten years. Buried in Shao Yong Mausoleum.
16. Recruiting talents in Song Gongdi
Song Gongdi Zhao Xian (127 1- 1323) was the seventh emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty (1274- 1276 reigned) and the second son of Song Duzong. He was born to Zhao Shi, the younger brother of Song Duanzong, and Zhao Min, the former emperor of Song Dynasty. When he acceded to the throne, the Lord and General Zuo, and posthumous title Gongdi, did not need the name of the temple (once called Gongzong). Song Duzong died in the tenth year of Song Xianchun (1274) in October. At the age of four, Evonne, with the support of the traitor Jia Sidao, proclaimed himself emperor for the sake of Song Gongdi, and changed the following year to the first year of Deyou. Grandmother Xie and mother Empress Dowager listened to politics. But the military power is still in Jia Sidao's hands. At that time, the Yuan Army had pacified North China and Southwest China. After controlling Xiangyang city, the most important passage in the south, he crossed the Yangtze River and headed for Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. While ordering the "diligent king" of the whole country, Empress Xie begged for peace with the Yuan Army. The sweeping Yuan Army is breaking through the defense lines around the country and handing over the states in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River one after another. 1275, 30,000 troops led by Jia Sidao were defeated by the Yuan Army in Wuhu. Soon, Empress Xie and Jia Sidao were punished under the pressure of public opinion, but it was too late, and the Song Dynasty's national subjugation was imminent. In the middle of the same year, the Yuan Army had occupied more than half of Jiangdong (now Jiangsu Province). 12761October 18 yuan arrived in Lin 'an with troops led by him. The Southern Song Dynasty court sent Lu Xiufu to make peace with his nephew, so he had to surrender to the Yuan Army.
17. Song Duanzong Zhao Chang
Song Duanzong, named Zhao Yun (A.D. 1268- 1278), was the eldest son of Duzong and his brother Gong Di. Emperor Gong was exiled to the north by Yuan, and Lu Xiufu and others made him emperor. After three years in office, he died of panic in the pursuit of the Yuan Army. 1 1 year old, buried in Yongfu Mausoleum (now south of Xinhui County, Guangdong Province).
Zhao Yun was named King Ji and King Yi successively. In the second year of Deyou (AD 1276), the Yuan army advanced on Lin 'an, and he fled Fujian under the escort of Yang Zhen, a captain of Xu. Bo Yan, who tried to exterminate the Song Dynasty, sent troops to pursue him, but failed. In March, Zhao Yun and others arrived in Fuzhou and learned that Lin 'an was trapped and Emperor Gong was exiled to the north. In May, Lu Xiufu, Chen, Zhang Shijie and others made him emperor in Fuzhou, and changed his name to "Jingyan". 35 composition network
Duan Zong was only 8 years old when he was in power. Lu Xiufu, a courtier, insisted on resisting Yuan Dynasty and tried to restore the Song Dynasty. However, under the chase of the Yuan Army, they had to board the ship and go to sea under the escort of General Zhang Shijie, fleeing east and avoiding west, and were on the run. Chen, the prime minister of Zuo Dynasty, despaired of the overall situation and withdrew his troops to attack the city (in this country).
In the third year of Jingyan (AD 1278), in March, Duanzong escaped from the pursuit of Yuan general Liu Shen and got into Guangzhou Bay. One night, the boat was accidentally overturned, and Duanzong fell into the sea and was rescued by the left and right. He has drunk a lot of water. He is sick and scared for several days. With the approaching of the pursuer of the Yuan Army, he had to cross the ocean and escape to Zhou Gang (now leizhou bay, Guangdong). After this turmoil, he was frightened, fell ill and died in April.
18. Song You helped Zhao Min.
Zhao Min (1272- 1279), the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, reigned for two years and was eight years old. Zhao Min, the youngest son of Du Zong of Song Dynasty, was once named Xin Wang, Guang Wang and Wang Wei. 1279 In March, the Southern Song Dynasty was defeated by the Yuan Army in the naval battle of Yashan, and the whole army was wiped out. Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea at the age of 8 and died. Zhang Shijie, Yang and others also drowned. The last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty died and the Song Dynasty perished.
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Zhao Min was named King Xin, King Guang and Wang Wei successively. When Lin 'an was in danger, he secretly left the city under the leadership of his mother Yang and fled to Quanzhou (now Quanzhou, Fujian). In the third year of Song Duanzong Jingyan (AD 1278), he died of illness in April, and in the same month, Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie proclaimed themselves emperor in Zhou Gang. In May, it changed its name to "Xiangxing" and moved to Yashan (now south of Xinhui County, Guangdong Province) in June. At the same time, Wen Tianxiang, the right prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, was captured by Zhang, the younger brother of Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, at Wupoling (now Haifeng, Guangdong), and the prefect collapsed. In the second year of Xiangxing (A.D. 1279), in the first month, Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, led the amphibious Yuan Army to the cliff mountain. The cliff faces the sea, and the terrain is dangerous. Zhang Shijie ordered the burning of the imperial palace on the island, and all the troops boarded the ship. Then, according to the mountains and the sea, more than 1000 warships were arranged in a long snake array, connected by ropes, and towers were built around the ships. The ship was covered with a thick layer of wet mud and tied with long trees. Put Emperor Min's boat in the middle to show the survival of soldiers and boats. Zhang Hongfan saw that Song Jun's warships were all assembled and it was not convenient to move. He first filled the boat with firewood, poured oil on it, lit it, and attacked Song Shuijun by the wind. The wet mud on Song Jun's boat prevented the fire from spreading, and the long wood resisted the fire boat, which made Yuan Jun's fire attack fail. Zhang Hongfan blocked the water source in Song Jun and Haikou. Song Bing was hungry and thirsty, and the situation became more and more difficult. Zhang Hongfan sent someone to surrender, but Zhang Shijie refused. On February 6, the two sides held the final decisive battle, and Zhang Hongfan split up and launched a storm. Song Jun was struggling to resist when he heard music playing on Zhang Hongfan's command ship. Song Jun thought this was a banquet hosted by the generals of the Yuan Army, and the war eased. Unexpectedly, this music is the signal of the general attack of the Yuan Army. Zhang Hongfan's command ship rushed straight, and the arrow was like a rainstorm. Under the cover of disorderly arrows, the Yuan Army took seven warships from Song Jun, and the Yuan Army swooped down again. From noon to night, the naval battle is extremely fierce. Suddenly, Zhang Shijie saw a Song ship lowered its flag and stopped resisting. Other warships also lowered their flags. Knowing that the tide was over, he quickly concentrated his elite troops and sent a boat and a dozen soldiers to meet Emperor Min, ready to break through. Ming Di was escorted by Lu Xiufu, the left prime minister, and stayed on the ship. When the ship came to pick up the Mindi, Lu Xiufu didn't know whether it was true or not, and he was worried that the Mindi would not be intercepted by the Yuan Army when it broke through, so he resolutely refused. Knowing that it was difficult for the monarch and his subjects to escape, he quickly boarded his boat and drove his wife to commit suicide by jumping into the sea. Then, he put on his royal robes and went back to the ship to worship the emperor's coffin. He cried and said, "Your Majesty, it is just right for you to die for your country since the collapse of state affairs. Emperor Deyou (Gongdi) was exiled to the north that year, which has caused great shame to the country. Today, your majesty must not repeat the same mistakes! " Emperor Min was scared to cry. Lu Xiufu said, tied the golden seal on his waist, picked up the nine-year-old Min Emperor, jumped down and died in the sea. In an instant, the two sank without a trace. Hearing the bad news, other ministers, court attendants and soldiers on board cried loudly, and tens of thousands of people were killed in the sea. Zhang Shijie led the rest of the water army to break through and came to the foot of Hailing Mountain. Soon, someone brought the bad news that Lu Xiufu died with Emperor Min. Zhang Shijie was devastated. At this time, the hurricane came again, and his men advised him to go ashore for temporary shelter. Zhang Shijie looked down at the sunken ship in Song Jun drifting in the wind and grain and refused to escape. Desperately replied: "it's no use, let's share joys and sorrows with all the princes." He added: "I did my best for Zhao. A monarch died, and now I'm dead. I didn't die on the cliff mountain, but I hope that the Yuan army will retreat and set up another monarch. However, is it God's will that state affairs have developed to this extent? " Say that finish fell into the sea. The Southern Song Dynasty perished. This is the first time that China has been destroyed. For a time, people and officials.