Of course, because Liu Yiqing was in Yangzhou at that time, he heard a lot of local people's stories and folklore, so in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, some stories that happened in Yangzhou at that time were also recorded. As we are familiar with the idiom "strange thing", it comes from Yin Hao, a former Jianwu general and Yangzhou secretariat. He never said a word of complaint, but just wrote and drew in the air with his fingers every day. Yangzhou officials followed his strokes and secretly observed that he only wrote the word "strange". Only then did everyone know that he was expressing his grievances in this way.
Comments on Shi Shuo Xin Yu
There are four volumes of school notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Zhonghua Book Company, May 2007, 2nd edition printing. Good binding, paper and printing.
Yong Yang spent eight years from 196 1 year to 1968, and collected more than 240 kinds of materials about Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and made a systematic arrangement. 1969 was published by Hong Kong Popular Bookstore in September. 1990 In September, Mr. Yong Yang retired from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He kept asking for more than 0/00 copies of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and spent eight years trying to rewrite and revise hundreds of old works, adding more than 30,000 words. Reprinted by Zhonghua Book Company this time, Mr. Yong Yang kept improving and corrected nearly 100 mistakes. This book is accompanied by relevant charts, Wang Zao's comments on the list of names in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, the list of synonyms in Shi Shuo Xin Yu and the index of names in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, which provides great convenience for readers to use. It is also the most detailed book on Newspeak in the world.
Preface to the Second Edition of Shi Shuo Xin Yu Jiao Jian
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a book that records the words and deeds of the speaker. Husband talk, originally a ridicule, began in Chunyu Kun at the beginning of the Warring States Period. Tai Shigong likes argot because of his funny remarks, so he often combines jokes of Qin with jokes and satire of Chu people to form a "funny biography", which is enough to please people, and can also solve the confusion by talking in an implicit way. When I arrived at Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, I was fortunate enough to advocate Guo Sheren, who was funny and not poor; Dong Fangshuo's homophonic words can say strange things and be called funny heroes; Mei Kuai talked and laughed and advocated that she was lucky to praise the play well. Compared with Sheren Guo and Emperor Wu, she is handsome. Dong Fangshuo, Mei Zhen and Sheren Guo are all around, so it's just a joke. Ban Gu of the Han Dynasty thrived here, standing side by side with Gong of elegance, Sima Qian of articles and Shi Jian of faithfulness. Funny people have become world-class. The words in Shi Shuo were written by Chen (today) at the end of Qin Dynasty, and later by Guo Sheren (today, by mistake). ), followed by Yuan Di's Fang Jing, Wang Zhaojun (Yuan Xian II), and then Ban Jieyu (Yuan Xian III) when he became emperor. They are all good at rhetoric, and they are covered with the Excellence when they inherited Qin Ershi. Down to Xie Lingyun in the early Song Dynasty (formerly Fu Liang, by mistake. ) and check it, the content of the recorded materials starts and ends like this, then the purport and style of Linchuan compilation can be known. "Historical records. Funny story biography. The study said: "press: slippery, chaotic; Ji, the same is true. An eloquent person can confuse similarities and differences without saying yes. The word "make it clear" first appeared in the first year of Chu Ping of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (AD 1900). " The history of the later Han Dynasty. "Zheng Taichuan" said: "Kong () made a loud noise, booed and blew away his life. Zhang Huai pointed out: "The dead hiss to create life, the living blow it to dry it, and language and conversation are constrained." "Its meaning and funny are the same, so talking about funny is talking about ridicule. Almost all the thirty-six articles in Shi Shuo have been talked about since the Han and Wei Dynasties, and they are generally based on the nature and behavior of the characters; If spoken English is used, it can be divided into three categories: talking about ridicule, identifying people, and academic discussion. The contents of the three are different, and their meanings are quite different, so we can't generalize them. Qingtan is a descendant of funny jokes, so articles such as < Ren Dan >, < Jianao > and < Words > all belong to it. Strictly speaking, academic discussion and ethical judgment should not be preconceived. The purpose of academic discussion is to explore academic truth, the meaning of words, their own origin, complex words and their internal meanings. Although it can be mysterious and extremely subtle, it cannot deviate from the classics. Ethical judgment must also be "said before being tested". If, Germany >,,, and other articles, also belong to the people who recorded the words and deeds of the sages. As for,,, and other articles, it was Chen Qi who took risks and aimed at the different speech styles. Therefore, funny talk about ridicule belongs to the standard of conversation, so it has another name: funny, ridiculous, ridiculous, harmonious, eloquent, eloquent, witty and talkative. His ethical expertise or academic discussion is a branch of conversation. In the first year of Chuping, Xian Di's articles such as "Talking about Scholars" and "Pinzao" all belonged to the conclusion of judging people.
Generally speaking, this preface has three meanings: to clarify the origin and nature of the conversation; The negative statement comes from a clear discussion, and a clear discussion is suitable for a clear discussion. Second; The emergence of "talent" eventually became the motive force and cultural core of the Six Dynasties, which led to the theory of "the unity of man and nature" and the situation of "there will be no difference", and it was only natural to make it clear. These three things have never been mentioned by neighbors; So Mr. Dongfang said, "It's hard to talk", yes. This book was published by Hong Kong Popular Bookstore in September 1969, and reprinted by Taipei Digital Publishing House shortly after its publication. Sales are amazing. However, there are many mistakes and omissions in the book. 1990 after retiring from CUHK, he was eager to collate, so he spent eight years leisurely studying classics, collating more than 900 places and adding 30 places. In May, 2000, Taipei Literature Bookstore was republished, taking on a new look. Now it is republished by Beijing Zhonghua Book Company, distributed at home and abroad, and revised more than 80 places, which is better than the previous work.
In the Mid-Autumn Festival in 2005, Yang Yongxiu was in fairview park, Kowloon.
[Edit this paragraph] Executive summary
The editor of Shi Shuo Xin Yu was Liu Yiqing (403~444) of Southern Song Dynasty. He was the nephew of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi and was named King Linchuan. He is "pure in nature, lacking in lust and loving literature and meaning." ..... gather the scribes, from near to far "(Biography of Liu Shu's Taoist Rules in Song Dynasty with Biography of Liu Yiqing). Judging from the contents of this book, there is no unified thought in the book, including Confucianism, Laozi and Zhuangzi, and Buddhism. It may have been written by many people, and the literary scholars recruited by Liu Yiqing may have participated in its compilation.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu (also known as Shi Shuo) mainly records anecdotes and metaphysical words of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties. It can also be said that this is a collection of stories recording the romantic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Of the 36 doors in the three volumes of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, the first volume contains four doors-morality, speech, politics and literature, while the middle volume contains nine doors-founder, magnanimity, knowledge, appreciation, taste, discipline, enlightenment, wisdom and courage. This 13 door is all positive.
For example:
On ning, Hua Xin * * * garden hoe vegetables, epiphany has a piece of gold, pipe hoe and tile stone, catch it and throw it. I have also tasted the taste of reading at the same table. Those who pass by the entrance of the porch would rather study as before and read those useless books. Ning cut the mat and sat down separately, saying, "I'm not my friend." (virtue)
Compared with Hua Xin, he praised Guan Ning's indifferent fame and fortune. Another example is:
Gongsun Du Muli Garden: "The so-called white crane in the cloud is outside the bird net." ("Appreciation")
This is not only a compliment to Tang gaozu, but also a compliment to Gongsun Du's good reputation. As for the next 23 doors, the situation is more complicated. Some compliments are obvious, such as Rong Zhi, Rehabilitation and Yuan Xian. Some seemingly derogatory meanings, such as birth, simple pride, frugality, anger and confusion, are not all derogatory. Some of them are derogatory, such as four items in "insurance" and some items in "waste". There are also many entries that only write some kind of true feelings, without praise or criticism. It is not only the expression of true feelings, but also the expression of romantic feelings, so the editor's narrative is with relish. For example:
Wang Ziyou tried to send someone to live in an empty house temporarily, so he ordered the planting of bamboo. Or ask, "Why stay?" For a long time, he pointed to Zhu and said, "How can you live without this gentleman for a day?" ("Ren Birthday")
This kind of birthday shows a wonderful appreciation of bamboo, devotion to bamboo, or an ideal personality in the love of bamboo. Another example is:
Wang Jin has great merits, taking Jin Yan as his seat, and plans to be king. Only Ruan Ji was sitting, singing loudly and quietly. (Jane Pride)
This simple pride is the loveliness of Ruan Ji. In a word, the editor has collected a lot of interesting anecdotes, but his attitude is objective and tolerant.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is an excellent auxiliary material for studying the history of Wei and Jin Dynasties. Among them, there are vivid descriptions of the activities of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as beautiful speech, commenting on topics, and various personality characteristics, such as comfortable life, noble birth, simplicity and arrogance, pursuit of life and wide hobbies. Throughout the book, we can get the group image of several generations of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Through these characters, we can further understand the fashion of the upper class in that era.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu has made great artistic achievements. Mr. Lu Xun once summarized its artistic characteristics as "profound and cold words, lofty, simple and magnificent lines" (A Brief History of Chinese Novels). Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Liu Xiao's annotations involve more than 500 figures/kloc-0, including the main figures in Wei and Jin Dynasties, whether they are emperors, generals, hermits or monks. Some of its descriptions of characters focus on appearance, some on knowledge and some on psychology, but the focus is on expressing the characteristics of characters, and writing the unique characters of unique characters in a unique way to make them vivid, vivid and vivid. For example, "Frugality": "Wang Rong has a good plum, and he is afraid that people will get their seeds and keep drilling for it." It only takes 16 words to write out Wang Rong's greedy and stingy nature. Another example is The Scholars, which records that Gu Yong lost his son while playing chess in the crowd. He actually suppressed his sadness. "Although his attitude remains the same, his heart has lost its mind. Pat your hand with your paws and your blood will get dirty. " A detail vividly shows Gu Yong's personality. Shi Shuo Xin Yu describes the characters flexibly and variously, and some of them are contrasted by the different performances of several people in the same environment. For example, in The Scholars, Xie An and Sun Chuo are described as encountering stormy waves when crossing the sea. Xie An "seems carefree" and calm, while Sun Chuo and others are "affable" and "unable to sit still", showing Xie An's magnanimity in the face of danger. Others grasp the main features of the characters for comic exaggeration, such as Anger, which vividly describes Wang Shu's stupidity in eating eggs to show his impatience:
"Wang Lantian impatient. If you eat an egg and poke it with chopsticks, you will fly into a rage and throw it on the ground. If the chicken doesn't stop turning in the soil, it will still go down to the ground with its teeth, but this is not allowed. Very ugly. It went back to the ground and held it in its mouth. If you are bitten, you will spit it out. "
Some use personalized spoken language to express the characters' demeanor, such as Wang Dao's "tail finger sitting" in appreciation, calling He Chongzuo and saying, "Come, come, this is your surrender!" It vividly depicts Wang Dao's esteem for He Chong.
The language of Shi Shuo Xin Yu is simple and vivid, implicit and meaningful. As Hu Yinglin (Ming Dynasty) said in Volume XIII of the Collection of Shaoshi Mountain Rooms: "When people in Jin Dynasty read their words, they look charming and vivid, but they are simple and mysterious, which is really endless." There are many widely used idioms in this book, such as: He is my brother, picking his teeth, strange things, infatuation, and so on.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Not only do novels that imitate it appear constantly, but many plays and novels are also based on it.
This part is selected from the second volume of China Literature History edited by Yuan Xingpei (Higher Education Press, 1999 edition).
[Edit this paragraph] Wonderful paragraph
Our textbook uses several stories from Shi Shuo Xin Yu, such as The Hours, Chen Taiqiu and Friendship Period. Some of them are listed and analyzed above, and some famous stories are extracted below for readers' enjoyment.
Hua Xin and Wang Lang both took refuge by boat, and one of them wanted to attach it, but it was difficult to attach it. Lang said, "Fortunately, it is still wide. Why not? " After the thief chased him, the king wanted to give up his man. Xin said, "That's why I became suspicious. That's why I doubt it. Now that I have accepted it, I would rather abandon evil in a hurry? " So I saved my life as before. The world used this to judge the merits and demerits of China and the king. (virtue)
Yu Zhong and Zhong Hui have a bad reputation. On the 13th, Wei Wendi heard about it and said to his father Zhong You, "You can send your second son." So goodbye. Jade's face was covered with sweat, and the emperor said, "Why is your face covered with sweat?" Yu said to him, "I'm afraid of war and I'm sweating like a pulp." Question and answer session: "Why don't you sweat?" He said, "tremble, you dare not sweat." (Speech)
When Yu Zhong's brother was a child, he was on duty when his father slept during the day because he stole medicine and wine. His father felt it and let him watch. Worship before drinking, and drink if you don't worship. Then asked why Yu worshipped, Yu said, "wine is a gift, and I dare not worship." He also asked why he didn't worship, and would say, "Stealing is indecent, so I don't worship." (Speech)
Wang Rong is seven years old and tries to swim with other children. Look at the many branches of plum trees on the roadside. The children scrambled for it, but they didn't move. People asked him and replied, "There are trees on the roadside, but there are many seeds, which will make plums bitter." Accept it and believe it. (magnanimous)
It is said that Taifu was in Jingkou and sent a letter to the Prime Minister Wang to beg for a son-in-law. The Prime Minister sent a letter saying, "You can go to the East Wing and choose any one." When he came back, Bai said, "All the generals in the Wang family can also receive this gift. When I heard that I was looking for a husband, I was salty and reserved. Only Ichiro is lying on the bed, if he doesn't smell it. " Xi Gongyun: "Great!" It's easy to visit it because I married a woman. (magnanimous)
At that time, Wang Youjun said: "Floating like a cloud, agile like a dragon." (Rong Zhi)
Wang Ziyou and Amethyst were both seriously ill, and Amethyst died first. Ziyou asked around, "Why didn't you hear the news? This has been lost! " It's not hard to talk. Then SuoYuLai condolences, didn't cry. Zi Su Jing is good at playing the piano, so he went into the spiritual bed and picked up the piano to play. The strings were not tuned properly, so he threw a cloud on the ground: "Amethyst! Amethyst! Everyone is dead. " Due to long-term mourning, he died that month. (Mourning)
Liu Lingheng drank too much, or stripped naked in the house, and was laughed at by everyone. Ling said, "I take heaven and earth as my building and my room as my clothing. What makes you join me? " (Ren Sheng)
When Wei Wu went to war, he lost his way and the army was thirsty. So he said, "There is a big merlin in front of you, Rao Zi, which is sweet and sour and can quench your thirst." When the foot soldiers smell it, they can get the source with their mouths full of water. (fake)
When Wang Youjun was ten years younger, the general liked it very much and slept in his tent. The general tastes first, but the right army has not yet started. A little later, Qian Feng came in, sifted people to discuss things, forgot that the right army was in the account, and said that he had turned against the plot. You Junjue listened to his words, knowing that there was no living truth, but he spit out the dirty bedding on his head and face and tricked him into sleeping. Dun said, We thought that the right army had not yet started when the matter was half done. "We have to get rid of it!" Xiang exclaimed in surprise. When I opened an account, I saw that you vomited and vomited again. The letter actually fell asleep and I gave it all to you. Yu said he was clever. (fake)
Wang is stingy. He married from his son, married alone, and later became more responsible. (frugality)
Our daughter is very suitable for Pei, and she has borrowed tens of thousands of money. When a woman returns, her face is silent. Paying back the money is a relief for women. (frugality)
Shi Chong and Wang Kai compete for beauty, and they are poor in clothes. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Kai's nephew, helped Kai. Try a two-foot coral tree. Flourishing foliage, helping the needy, chinese odyssey. Kay is a symbol of respect. Respect it, strike it with iron, and break it with your hands. Kay felt sorry for herself, but she thought it was a treasure for herself. Her expression was very serious. Chongyue said, "My hatred is not enough. I'll pay you back today. " I ordered the coral tree to be taken around, which was three feet and four feet long. They are unparalleled, and there are six or seven outstanding ones, such as Xu Kai. Kay panicked. (waste)
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a very short book, mostly some interesting short stories, but most of the articles were told at that time, some usages have not been circulated, and we rarely see them in ancient books, so there will be some obstacles in reading. It is best to read some notes, such as Liu's Notes on Ancient Times and Notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu (Zhonghua Book Company, 1983 edition), but these two notes are of little significance to students. There are notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu (Zhang Wanqi, etc. , Zhonghua Book Company, 1998 edition) and Selected Notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu (Zhang Zhi et al.). , Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987 edition), etc. Matters needing attention are more detailed, you can refer to them.
On the basis of understanding the language, we should also understand the inner world and spiritual purport of Wei and Jin scholars, which requires a little background knowledge. In addition to the above, you can also look at Lu Xun's article "The Relationship between Wei and Jin Manners and Articles and Medicinal Liquor" (just a collection). Lu Xun has a unique view on Wei and Jin scholars and their mentality, and the text is a speech, which is easier to understand.
In fact, Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a classical Chinese, but it is very shallow, and the content words in it can be found even in ordinary Chinese dictionaries. If there is a special dictionary of ancient Chinese suitable for middle school students, it will be faster to look it up, and it will be better to look it up in Ci Hai or Ci Yuan.
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the edition of Shi Shuo Xin Yu
The above information is mainly based on the following data:
Zhang: Overall Research, Nanjing Publishing House, 1994.
Wang Nengxian: Research, Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 19992.
Tang: Wei-Jin Literature and Metaphysics, Changjiang Literature and Art Publishing House, 2004.