Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Chromosome 14 Definition: The fourth chromosome that has been sequenced: 874 10/0,61Nucleotide Meaning: It accounts for 3% of the whole human genome Introduction, background, process, achievements and significance, following the 20th, 2nd122nd in recent years. In 2003, an international research team deciphered the gene on human chromosome 14, which made the human chromosome. This achievement was published on the website of the British magazine Nature on June 65438+ 10/. This is an important part of the Human Genome Project (HGP), which is jointly completed by ISB Institute of Systems Biology and two other institutes. Physical map of chromosome 14 Background The human genome consists of 365,438+647 million base pairs, and * * * has 30,000 to 35,000 genes. Prior to this, scientists from all over the world who participated in the "Human Genome Sequencing Project" published sketches and completed maps of the human genome in June 2000 and 20001year respectively, and completed the sequencing of more than 3 billion base pairs. However, this is only the first step for human beings to explore their own mysteries. When the whole gene information is decoded, it is necessary to study personality differences and protein omics. This research can be regarded as the follow-up work of the human genome. Process scientists have sequenced more than 80 million base pairs on chromosome 14, decoded all the genes on it, and found about 1000 genes with an accuracy rate of 99.99%. However, scientists say that 96% of these genes were found alone. This research lasted for 3 years, with * * * 20 scientists participating. The ISB mission was led by Dr. LeroyHood and Dr. LeeRowen. In addition to ISB, other institutions involved in chromosome 14 sequencing and analysis include Genoscope, French National Genome Sequencing Center and Washington University Genome Sequencing Center. Related papers will be published in the first issue of Nature in 2003. The topic of this paper is: DNA sequence and analysis results of human chromosome 14. Chromosome 14 contains about 500 known genes and 350 putative genes. There are about 60 genes related to diseases, including one related to early-onset Alzheimer's disease. There are many types of leukemia and tumors related to specific regions on chromosome 14. The genes of special concern on chromosome 14 are: α/δT cell antigen receptor site and immunoglobulin heavy chain region discovered by Hood laboratory in 1990s. These sites are necessary components for the immune system to recognize foreign invasive substances. Chromosome 14 also encodes an enzyme called telomerase transferase. This enzyme is considered to have the function of protecting chromosomes from degradation. One of the most interesting genes on chromosome 14 is neuroxin 3, which spans 1.7 million base pairs and is the largest gene on chromosome 14, and its size is 30 times of the average value of all genes. Due to a splicing procedure called alternative splicing, this gene may have thousands of different minor changes. This gene plays an important role in synaptic connections in the brain. Significance "The publication of the draft human genome provides a lot of very useful information for biomedical research on diseases and genes," said Dr. Li Owen. "However, there are many gaps and inaccuracies in the draft human genome, which limits our further research." "The completion of chromosome 14 sequencing has made the human genome project a big step forward. It provides a foundation for obtaining high-quality and accurate information and finally understanding the specific relationship between genes and diseases. " Rowen said.