Feng Youlan once wrote the couplets of "Three Histories Explain Ancient and Modern Times, Six Books Explain Zhenyuan", summarizing his proud works.
Three histories are three sets of works on the history of China's philosophy, including the history of China's philosophy, a brief history of Chinese philosophy and the new edition of China's philosophy.
Six books are six philosophical works with their own systems, namely New Neo-Confucianism, New World Training, New Things Theory, New Primitive Man, New Original Tao and New Knowledge Words.
The first volume of China's Philosophical History was completed in 193 1 and 1934 respectively, which is the first set of works on the history of China's philosophy with the concept of western philosophy. Many of these concepts have become conclusive and accepted by later scholars. It is the cornerstone of China's philosophical history.
A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy was compiled by the textbook taught by the University of Pennsylvania from 65438 to 0948. This book has been translated into more than ten languages and sold millions of copies. It is a necessary textbook for the course of China's philosophy history in western universities, and it is also the best way for the west to understand China's philosophy.
1990 The Seven-Volume New Edition of China's Philosophy History is a philosophical masterpiece written by Feng Youlan with his life. From 1984 to 1995, during the period of 1 1 year, when the quasi-blind and quasi-deaf were hospitalized several times a year, they were dictated by their disciples.
Six Books of Zhenyuan is a set of philosophical works with its own system, which is divided into neo-Confucianism, neo-social precepts, neo-material theory, neo-primitive man, neo-original Tao and neo-knowledge. Neo-Confucianism is its general program, and the last five volumes belong to various chapters, mainly focusing on pure philosophy. "New World Training" is a social view and the application of Neo-Confucianism to social problems. New things are a theory of life methodology and moral cultivation. Neoprimitive man is a philosophy of life, which divides life into four realms by the degree of awareness. The New Original Road is a historical view of philosophy, which analyzes the development of China's philosophy. New knowledge is a methodology to summarize the experience of Chinese and western philosophy history.
Read the following passage and answer the questions as required: He wrote a couplet himself before his death, "Three histories explain modern times, and six books explain Zhenyuan", which was _ _ _ _ for his whole life. this
C none
Explain that the old state helps the new life, which is extremely clear and gentle. What does this mean?
Keep the essence of traditional culture under the socialist form of new China.
Cheerful and measured.
Explain the old state to assist the new life;
Very clear and gentle.
-Feng Youlan's motto
The Book of Songs, Daya, explains that "the old state helps the new life": "Although Zhou is an old state, his life has changed." Regarding this sentence, the author once wrote in "After Kang Youwei wrote to the Principality": "I simplified these two poems to
Old country, new life. In the new stage of China's historical development, these four words are enough. "
"Old State" refers to China's long cultural tradition. "New life" refers to modernization and socialist construction. It is the author's lifelong ambition to "release the old country and help the new life"
The phrase "extremely clear and moderate" comes from chapter 27 of the Doctrine of the Mean: "Therefore, a gentleman respects morality and studies, makes it broad and subtle, extremely clear and moderate, learns from the old and salutes sincerely." "Yan" means noble character. The doctrine of the mean means impartiality, which is also called mediocrity. Confucianism regards the golden mean as the highest moral standard. This sentence is the realm that the author pursues all his life.
On the cover of Feng Youlan's A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy, there are several Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Does anyone know?
Three histories are interpreted today, and six books are the discipline of Zhenyuan.
The geographical environment of Yongjia County
Yongjia has a subtropical monsoon climate with mild seasons and abundant rainfall. Average annual temperature 18.2℃, average annual precipitation 1702.2ml, precipitation days 175.4 days, average annual sunshine 1820.2h, and average annual evaporation 143 1.9. According to historical records all the year round, the annual average temperature is 18.3℃. The coldest month in a year is June 5438+ 10, with an average monthly temperature of 8. 1℃. July is the hottest, with an average monthly temperature of 28.3℃. The extreme maximum temperature was 42. 1℃, which appeared on July 15, 2003. The extreme minimum temperature was -4.8℃, which appeared on199965438+February 23rd. The average daily temperature in spring passes 10℃. The first day of average warming is in March 18, and the average sunrise is now on February 2. The average frost-free period is 28 1 day, the average first frost day is 65438+February 5, and the average last frost day is February 22. The annual average precipitation 17 18.3mm, the inter-annual difference is particularly significant. 1973 Maximum length is 2592.7mm, 1986 Minimum length1193.6 mm. In a year, the average precipitation in August is the highest, reaching 279.4 mm, followed by June, mainly affected by typhoons and plum rains. 65438+February is the least, only 39.2 mm, followed by 65438+ 10 month. The average annual rainfall days are 175 days. The annual average sunshine 1799 hours, of which July and August are the most, reaching 225.5 hours and 220.0 hours respectively. February and March are the least, with 96.5 hours and 102. 1 hour respectively. The annual average evaporation is 1432mm. The annual average relative humidity is 77%. The main disastrous weather includes rainstorm, hail, drought, typhoon, flood, lightning and strong wind.
A Brief Introduction to the Author of A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy
Feng Youlan was born in Tanghe, Nanyang, Henan. 19 12 entered the preparatory class of China public school, 19 15 entered the philosophy department of China, Peking University, 19 19 went to study in the United States, and 1924 received his doctorate from Columbia University. After returning to China, he successively served as Guangdong University, Professor yenching university, Dean of Tsinghua University College of Literature and Head of Philosophy Department. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was a professor in the Department of Philosophy and dean of the College of Liberal Arts of National Southwest Associated University. 65438-0946 Visiting Professor in America. From 65438 to 0947, he served as the chairman of Tsinghua University School Affairs Conference. He received honorary doctorates from Princeton University, Delhi University and Columbia University. 1952, Professor of Philosophy Department of Peking University, Member of Philosophy and Social Sciences Department of China Academy of Sciences, Member of the Second to Fourth CPPCC, and Member of the Standing Committee of the Sixth and Seventh CPPCC. In the early 1930s, a two-volume History of China's Philosophy was published, which divided the history of China's philosophy into "sub-study era" and "Confucian classics era", and affirmed the value of traditional Confucianism. In the 1940s, he wrote New Neo-Confucianism, Theory of New Events, New World Training, New Primitive Man, New Original Road and New Knowledge, and combined new realism with new Confucianism to construct his "New Neo-Confucianism" system. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he compiled a new Collection of China's Philosophical History, and his works were incorporated into the Complete Works of Sansongtang. His lifelong career can be summarized as "three histories explain the present, and six books are loyal to Yuan". He became one of the philosophers who could establish a philosophical system in modern China with his works such as History of China's Philosophy, A Brief History of China's Philosophy, A Brief History of China's Philosophy, A New Edition of China's Philosophy and Six Books of Zhenyuan. He is an outstanding scholar who has made important contributions in the history of China's academic thought, and he is also one of the most influential thinkers.
What zodiac does the three religions and nine rivers and lakes refer to?
1. The first female poet was Cai Yan (Wen Xi).
2. General history of the first biography: Historical Records
3. The first dictionary is Erya.
The first encyclopedia was Yongle Dadian.
5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs.
6. The first anthology: Zhao Ming Anthology
7. The first dictionary: Explain Chinese characters by explaining them.
8. The first collection of myths: Shan Hai Jing
9. China's first collection of classical novels: Shi Shuo Xin Yu
10. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese, Search for Ji Shen.
1 1. The first bibliography: The Analects of Confucius
12. The first chronicle book is: Spring and Autumn Period.
13. The first dynastic history: Hanshu
14. The first art book: The Art of War by Sun Tzu
15. Part II Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru
16. Yuefu Shuangbi: Mulan word Peacock flies southeast, and chanting is the three wonders of Yuefu.
17. A mirror of historical records.
18. Erpai: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu)
19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu
20. Gemini in China's modern literary world: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo.
2 1. Three Immortals: Lide made meritorious service.
22. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
23. Three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals: Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan.
24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Duke of Shang Tang.
25. Sanshan: Yingzhou, the abbot of Penglai.
26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism
27. Sangong: During the week, Sima Situpu was ordinary.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Qiu was a doctor.
Qingming, Taishi, Taifu Taibao
28. Three Caos: Cao Cao and Cao Pizhi
29. Three elements of public security: Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zongdao.
30. Sangu Building in Jiangnan: Yueyang Building in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang.
3 1. Three friends in the cold year: Songzhumei
32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng and Jing.
33. The three elements of scientific research: the first after having obtained the provincial examination, the first after winning the exam, the first in palace examination, and the first in the school (Huiyuan, champion).
34. the palace exam is three-fixed: the champion first explores flowers.
35. The three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Chinese Medicine and Chinese Painting.
36. Three words: Yu Shiming's words of warning and awakening the world (Feng Menglong)
37. Confucian Classic Three Rites: The Book of Rites of Zhou Li and Yi Li.
38. Three officials: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan and Tongguan official.
39. Three Farewells: Don't get old and homeless when you get married.
40. Guo Moruo's "Goddess" trilogy-the rebirth of Guo Xiang Tang Di's "Flower of the Goddess"
4 1. Mao Dun's "Erosion" Trilogy: The Pursuit of Disillusionment and Shake
Rural trilogy: Spring Silkworm Harvest in Autumn and Remaining Winter
42. Ba Jin's Trilogy of "Love": Fog, Rain and Electricity
Riptide trilogy: Spring and Autumn Homeland
43. The first national history: Mandarin
44. The first album recording the words and deeds of counselors and military strategists: National Policy and Warring States Policy.
45. The first historical prose with the theme of personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu.
46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan
47. The first narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words).
48. The first monograph on literary criticism-"Dian Lun Paper" (Cao Pi)
49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming
50. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Liu Xie, a native of A Liang, wrote his first monograph on literary theory and criticism, Wen Xin Diao Long.
5 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism & Zhong Rong's Poems, born in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
52. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work written in the form of notes: Meng Qian Bi Tan by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty.
53. The first diary travel notes: Xu Hongzu's Travel Notes of Xu Xiake in Ming Dynasty.
54. The first poetess, also known as "one pronoun Sect": Li Qingzhao.
1. China's first satirical novel: The Scholars.
2. The first translation of evolution in China: Huxley's theory of evolution translated by Yan Fu. He is a man who became an interpreter without knowing anything.
3. China's first collection of short stories in classical Chinese: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
4. The first short story in the history of China's new literature is Diary of a Madman.
The first writer who opened up "Fairy Tale Garden" was Ye Shengtao.
6. China's first romantic fairy tale: Journey to the West.
7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bonded Labor.
8. New ... >>
What is the history of China's modern philosophy?
I first met Feng Youlan when I saw his A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy in a community library in Singapore about ten years ago. This was originally a textbook for American college students. At my level, it was just right. In retrospect, Feng Youlan was probably the first modern and contemporary scholar in China I met. Since then, I have collected most of his works, including Three Histories, Six Books and Preface to Sansongtang-I usually refuse to read biographies, but I only read this autobiography of Mr. Feng with relish. Since then, I have come into contact with the works of Liang Shuming, Lv Simian, Qian Mu, Zhang Yinlin, Hsiao Kung chuan and others. It was discovered that Mr. Feng is not necessarily above these people in knowledge and character. Feng Youlan's character tends to be eclectic and resigned, but he lacks the firmness and stubbornness that other top scholars can see. His gentle personality makes him less prone to collapse when disasters come, and also makes him more susceptible to external forces and detours. Some people are indomitable, such as Chen Yinque; Some people would rather bend than bend, such as Feng Youlan. The indomitable people set a moral model for future generations and provided spiritual strength; Those indomitable people returned to the right path after the disaster, thus leaving more academic wealth. These two types of people may be valuable. Feng Youlan used the last ten years of his life to complete the seven-volume new edition of 1990, The History of China Philosophy. This book may mark the belated end of a golden age in China's academic history. This is an era of breaking the old and establishing the new, blending the East and the West, a hundred schools of thought contend, and bright stars. Mr. Feng's new edition of The History of China Philosophy is the last legacy left by the romantics of that era. In the preface, Feng Youlan described his mood when he wrote this finale: "Cut off the name, break it neatly, vote without guilt, and fly by yourself." He reconciled and compromised between fame and academic pursuit all his life, until he was very old, and finally he could do whatever he wanted regardless of foreign things. So in the last volume of this book, History of Modern Philosophy in China, he bluntly said: "* * * has made contributions that others can't do, and also made mistakes that others can't do"; "The first stage of * * * thought is scientific, the second stage is utopian and the third stage is absurd"; He pointed out: "The people's commune advocated by * * * is like a big feudal family. It has not changed the natural economy, so it cannot go beyond the scope of feudal economic forms "; He even pointed the finger at Marxism itself, pointing out that "there are utopian elements in Marxist theory"; "The proletariat is just the opposite of the unity of capitalism and bourgeoisie. Like the bourgeoisie, it is the product of the capitalist mode of production and does not represent a new production relationship "; "In the case that the development of productive forces has not caused changes in the relations of production, Marxist theory tells people that the proletariat is the representative of the new relations of production, and the revolution led by the proletariat can establish socialism, which contradicts historical materialism." It is not difficult to see that the above content does not strictly belong to the category of "philosophy history". In fact, Feng's last book, History of Philosophy, added a lot of "philosophical criticism of the history of China's revolutionary thought" to the content of the history of philosophy. In addition to the part involving * * *, there are some parts about Zhang, Sun Yat-sen, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others, the content of which is mainly "philosophical criticism of the history of revolutionary thought". The part about Cai Yuanpei and Hu Shi has both the history of philosophy and the history of revolutionary thought. Only the part about Liang Shuming, Jin, Xiong Shili and Feng Youlan himself is mainly about the history of philosophy. In fact, it is not limited to the modern part, but the whole new version of the history of China's philosophy has this problem to some extent. On the one hand, Feng Youlan has sincerely converted to dialectical materialism at this time, so class struggle and revolution naturally become one of the main lines of philosophy history in his mind. On the other hand, he may realize that there are some words that he will never have a chance to say in his life. I don't have the energy and time to write another book anymore, so I have to finish what I want to say here. Even if the article doesn't matter, I will leave these voices and leave the merits and demerits to future generations. The last volume of China's new philosophy history, The History of Modern Philosophy in China, was originally planned to be published in 1990, so Feng Youlan wrote a preface on July 1 1. In the preface, Feng expressed a sense of foreboding. He said, "If someone disagrees and can't publish it, I think it's Wang Chuanshan." More than four months later, Feng Youlan died without seeing the whole book ... >>