With the prominence of the importance of South Asia, the change of the situation in South Asia and the adjustment of China's South Asia strategy, the study of South Asia has attracted extensive attention and attention from academic circles. The research literature and development reality in recent ten years show that South Asia is playing an increasingly important strategic role in the pattern of modern international relations, and establishing closer cooperative relations with South Asian countries is the basic principle of China's diplomacy.
(1) In the current study of South Asia, the study of relations between major powers occupies an extremely important position, and most of them focus on bilateral and trilateral relations?
(2) 。 This is not only related to the obvious power imbalance in South Asia?
(3) It is more related to the rising strategic position of South Asia and the Indian Ocean in international politics. Because of its special position in South Asia, India has always been an unavoidable big country in studying the relations between big countries in South Asia, especially in South Asia. Therefore, in the current study of bilateral and trilateral relations between major powers, most of them focus on India, and even the study of US-Russian relations or China-US-Russian relations cannot avoid the Indian factor. In a word, the research on the relations between major powers in South Asia is mostly presented in bilateral and multilateral relations, and India is the most important link among many interlocking relations between major powers. China and the United States are stakeholders in South Asia, and the interaction between the two countries in this region has greatly affected the peace and prosperity of South Asia and even the Indian Ocean.
(4) 。 For China and the United States, opportunities and challenges coexist: on the one hand, the economic, security and strategic interests of the two countries have laid the foundation for cooperation in South Asia and the Indian Ocean; On the other hand, different geographical relations, strategic goals and mutual cognition may become obstacles to the in-depth cooperation between the two countries.
At present, the game between China and the United States faces two major backgrounds: one is the power struggle between China and the United States in South Asia under the background of the return of the United States to the Asia-Pacific region; Second, advance in China? Belt and Road? Under the background of WTO, China and the United States may encounter power conflicts in South Asia. As far as the current silk-related plans are concerned, the United States proposes to target Central Asia and South Asia. New Silk Road? On the one hand, the plan will win over India and contain China, on the other hand, it will strengthen its hegemony in South Asia and maritime hegemony in the Indian Ocean, which will have a certain impact on the construction of the Maritime Silk Road in the 2 1 century.
Sino-Indian relations are extremely important bilateral relations in South Asia. China is India's largest neighbor, and India is the second largest neighbor around China. China and India have much in common in international politics, and their interests are deeply rooted. China-India relations are also facing challenges. There have been border wars in the history of the two countries, and the territorial issue has never been resolved. In the process of current international system transformation and power transfer, competition is becoming increasingly fierce.
Relationship: cooperation is greater than competition.
The United States and India are close partners. In the strategic layout of the United States returning to the Asia-Pacific region, India's strategic position has been continuously improved; In the great power game in South Asia, India also hopes to use the United States to balance China's growing international influence.
From the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War to the United States and Russia after the Cold War, South Asia has always been an important stage for the game between the two great powers. During the cold war? In order to compete with the United States for world hegemony, the Soviet Union put pressure on China? An alliance with India?
For a long time after the end of World War II, Japan has never paid enough strategic attention to India, and bilateral relations have been relatively cold.
The trilateral relationship among China, the United States and India is the most important one in South Asia. The interests of the three parties and the game interaction will dominate the evolution of the geopolitical pattern in South Asia.
Through the evaluation of the current research on bilateral and trilateral relations between South Asian powers, we can see that a large number of documents focus on key countries and hot issues in South Asia, and this distribution also highlights the important influence of real power factors in international political research.