Cultivation techniques of soybean (soybean)
Temperature requirement
Soybean is a warm crop. The lowest germination temperature is 6℃, and the seedling temperature is 8- 10℃. The seedlings were slightly frozen at a low temperature of 0.4℃. The optimum growth temperature of soybean is 20-25℃, in which the optimum growth temperature of seedlings is 20-2 1℃, the flower bud differentiation stage is 2 1-23℃, the flowering stage is 22-25℃, the pod setting and filling stage is 2 1-23℃, and the maturity stage is/kloc-. The accumulated temperature needs 2400 to 3800℃.
Deep fertilization
Fertilization method: Under normal circumstances, fertilizer seeds are applied separately at 4 to 5 cm below the seed side, and the amount of fertilizer can be adjusted. When diammonium phosphate is applied more than 20kg per mu, it can be applied in layers: the upper layer is 5-7cm deep, and the fertilization amount accounts for1/3; The depth of base fertilizer 10 ~ 16cm, and the amount of fertilization accounted for 2/3. Or after the previous crop is harvested, the fermented organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the ground, then the fertilizer is raked into the soil with a rake to fully mix the manure with the soil, then the soil is deeply turned, and the raked bottles are finely ridged, or the soybeans are planted flat.
Fine sowing
Reasonable rotation: it is best to choose the right stubble, not heavy, and plant it in advance.
Careful soil preparation: according to the previous crop, plow in summer and autumn with a depth of 22 to 25 cm. During the operation, there will be no large clods, no exposed strips or blocks, which should be fastened firmly, not heavy and not leaking.
Soil moisture: After soil preparation, the soil moisture (calculated by dry soil weight) should be about 22% when sowing to ensure the normal water absorption and germination of seeds.
Sowing in time: Sowing soybeans in summer can be done after wheat is harvested as long as the water content is suitable. The best sowing date is June 10 ~ 25, and no later than early July.
Tiantuan management
Mowing and intertillage:
(1) hoes are everywhere in front of the first compound leaf, so that the hoes will not hurt the seedlings or loosen the soil.
(2) When the seedling height is about 10 cm, the second intertillage should be carried out to avoid damaging the seedlings, pressing the seedlings and leaking grass.
(3) After the second intertillage 10 days, the third intertillage should be carried out and more soil should be sown.
Weeding before seedling: The most commonly used broad-spectrum herbicides in production are propafenone and clomazone, which are effective against many gramineous and broad-leaved weeds in soybean fields. Dosage: 5% Puster aqua, the dosage is per hectare 1.5-2 kg; 48% clomazone EC, 2-2.5 kg per hectare. Pust, tribenuron-methyl and clomazone can remain in the soil for a long time, so special attention should be paid to the phytotoxicity of the following crops.
Weeding after seedling:
⑴ Herbicide suitable for early emergence: Pusu is the most widely used herbicide in production. When weeds are first unearthed, they are generally not later than the second compound leaf stage of soybeans. At the initial stage of emergence, the dosage of 5% Pusht aqueous solution per hectare is 1 ~ 1.5 kg, which should not exceed 1.5 kg. Choose the weather with high humidity before and after rainfall, and avoid high temperature and dry noon and windy weather.
(2) The dosage of emulsion is 12%, and the dosage per hectare is 1 ~ 1.5 kg; 1.5% fine grass gram, and the dosage per hectare is 0.75 ~ 1 kg; 0.5% of Jingcaoke EC and 24% of Kekuole EC, and the dosage per hectare is 0.33-0.75 kg.
⑶ Herbicides suitable for the late emergence stage are generally applied at the compound leaf stage of 2-3 soybean slices. When the soil moisture is good in spring, pesticides can be applied earlier, and the lower limit is generally used. In spring drought, the application can be delayed appropriately, and the dosage is generally the upper limit.
Summer sowing technology
Irrigation before sowing: For plots with poor soil moisture and irrigation conditions, 1 time can be irrigated before sowing to facilitate seed germination after sowing. Combined with irrigation for closed weeding in the field.
Sowing date: Sowing soybean in summer is very important because its growing season is short. Sowing in time, high seedling rate, neat and robust seedlings and thick stems.
Reasonable close planting: reasonable close planting is to correctly handle the relationship between individuals and groups under the local and specific conditions at that time, so as to maximize the development of groups and fully grow individuals; Make full use of light energy and soil fertility per unit area; Under the same cultivation conditions, the best economic benefits can be obtained. You can sow on the ridge, increase the sowing area, and make the soybean taste better.
Autumn sowing technology
Soil preparation: after ploughing, divide the paddy field into compartments with a width of 2 to 3 meters, a row spacing of 3 meters and a hole spacing of 0.33 meters. 2 ~ 3 capsules per hole, with a density of about 30,000 plants per mu.
Sowing in time: Generally, sow before August 10, and the sowing amount per mu is 8 ~ 10 kg.
Rational fertilization: 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 500 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer are used as cover seed fertilizer per mu; Depending on the seedling situation at the initial flowering stage, 3-5 kg of urea should be topdressing per mu, 40-50 kg of 2% calcium superphosphate clear solution should be used per mu at the pod setting stage, and 30-40 kg of 0.05% ammonium molybdate diluent should be used per mu, and foliar spraying should be carried out; Or spraying 0. 1% borax solution on leaves to improve grain plumpness.
Field management: In case of high temperature during sowing, irrigation should be carried out after sowing. If the water content is insufficient after sowing, it can be watered at night. In the three-leaf stage, seedlings should be spaced and fixed in time. Generally, the planting density is 30,000 to 40,000 plants per mu, and 6 to 8 kilograms of urea should be applied in time per mu after planting. Timely intertillage weeding, generally 2 to 3 times intertillage weeding, can also be cultivated.