1. The title is the eye of argumentative paper, so pay special attention to it.
The topic is generally an argument; Or the concrete expression of the argument ("Turn anger into a vineyard", "How good the grass is, how thin the horse is", and then restore the original intention without losing the key words); At least explain the topic and deduce the argument by finding the topic.
2. Refine the argument/viewpoint-find the title as the starting point.
The topic is the argument; There are also in the original text; The most difficult thing is to generalize by yourself, which is generally rare.
Arguments should be complete sentences and clear judgments; There should be no rhetoric in the argument; Generally, don't say it from the opposite side (there are exceptions, such as "learning Chinese can't be accelerated", but often say "develop good habits" from the front), without interrogative pronouns.
3. The role of special start
(1) comes from phenomena and stories. Function: introduce an argument (or topic); Prove that an argument is (a fact); Attract readers' interest in reading. Sometimes there is more than one story at the beginning, maybe two. Such as "learn to bow")
(2) reference. Function: to draw out arguments (or topics) (sometimes famous sayings are arguments); Prove that the argument is reasonable and convincing.
4. Demonstration methods and functions
This type of question is very flexible, and there are the following types: (1) Point out the demonstration method and function; What is the argument function of the underlined sentence (if this sentence has no special function in the structure and content of the article, we should consider the function of examining the argument method); What is the purpose of quoting celebrities? ...
Pay attention to distinguish between model law and interpretation law; Don't write less arguments; Sometimes there is more than one argument in a paragraph, so we must find them all. Talking about reading 17
5. Examine the relationship between ideas and materials.
(1) Supplementary factual arguments (must be celebrities, not literary works or ordinary people's affairs; Narration must be closely related to the argument; See if it is a positive example or a negative example)
Make up arguments (famous sayings, aphorisms, proverbs, etc.) Note: the writing is standard and there can be no typos)
(2) Give one or several materials and ask if they can be used in the text to prove the argument. Be sure to look at the key points expressed in the material, and don't make arbitrary inferences.
(3) Summarize facts and arguments. Be sure to summarize the argument (such as smile, humor, etc.). ).
People+events (reasoning)+results
6. Understanding of the content. First find out the words and phrases in the stem of the original text, and use this as a standard to look up before and after.
Paying attention to the sub-argument or central sentence of each paragraph will help you grasp the content of the article. Talking about reading 15
7. Are some paragraphs interchangeable?
It can be considered from the following aspects: (1) structure and whether the previous article is taken care of; Whether the content is in-depth step by step (for example, whether the two paragraphs are the logical relationship between conditions and results or the logical relationship from primary to secondary). ) "Make Good Use of People" and "Changxin Palace Lantern" 14
8. Can you delete "tolerance" from a paragraph (usually the penultimate paragraph)?
The content of this paragraph+the relationship with the central argument (supplement to the central argument)+reflects the rigor of the argument.
9. Analyze the argumentation process (thinking) of the full text or a paragraph.
The full text is: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing problems (this theory)-solving problems (conclusion).
For a certain paragraph, it is necessary to combine the specific content of the article and the argumentation methods used to write the author's argumentation ideas completely and clearly. Available: first the author … then … then … finally …
For example, first put forward the viewpoint of …+then demonstrate the viewpoint with examples and comparative arguments+finally quote the famous saying of … to further prove the viewpoint.
10. Analyze language features.
The commonly used functions of adding words are: accuracy, strictness, conciseness, persuasiveness, vivid emotion and so on. Talking about reading 16
1 1. argument angle: sometimes it is "pros and cons", sometimes "angle" is "aspect"
12. Write a supplementary sentence-usually a turning point sentence or a sentence summarizing the above contents.
Sometimes it is to reduce a sentence to an article, which generally conforms to the above rules. Don't judge by likes and dislikes
13. Connecting with reality, expanding and extending
When talking about feelings, we should seize the arguments and put forward our own views, which should be clear-cut; We should combine our own reality, use the words "I feel" and write "articles with me". Talking about reading 18
Material link; Compared with other articles. Is it a conflict between "looking down on yourself is a blessing" and "looking down on yourself is inappropriate"?
Attachment: Five ways of expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation of Blooming Epiphyllum 2 1
Eight rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, rhetorical question, antithesis and repetition.
Description methods-five kinds: appearance description, language description, action description, expression description and psychological description.
Interpretation methods-seven kinds: examples, numbers, comparisons and metaphors; Secondly: definition, classification, list chart (imitation appearance, interpretation, etc. )
There are four methods of argument: example argument, truth argument, metaphor argument and contrast argument.