Over the past six months, two major space disasters have occurred in succession. Although people are sorry, these setbacks can't stop mankind from marching into the universe. Since space activities are so risky, why don't humans give up their dream of marching into the universe? In the long run, the earth's resources are limited, and mankind will one day walk out of the cradle; In the short and medium term, space activities can bring huge returns and reflect a country's comprehensive national strength. Marching into the universe is a great cause of mankind now and in the future. Therefore, manned space flight has become the top priority of the development of modern space science and technology. ...
The Development of Manned Space Technology in China and Its Significance and Prospect
As the saying goes, the sky is high for birds to fly and the sea is wide for fish to jump. Mankind has continuously expanded its living space in the long social progress. Now, the range of human activities has experienced a gradual development process from land to sea, from sea to atmospheric space, and then from atmospheric space to space. Every expansion of human activities is a huge leap.
The Development Course of Manned Space Technology in China
A long time ago, human beings had the desire to fly out of the earth, explore the mysteries of space and develop the resources of the universe, and many fairy tales in ancient China were outstanding reflections. The most typical one is the widely circulated goddess the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. It describes a beautiful woman named Chang 'e who stole the elixir of life that her husband Hou Yi got from the Queen Mother of the West, and then lightened it and floated to the moon.
The first person in history who tried to fly into the sky by rocket was an official of China in the15th century. 1945, American scholar Kim described it in his book Rockets and Jet Engines: Ten thousand families first made two big kites and placed them on both sides of a chair. Then, he tied 47 of the biggest rockets that could be bought at that time under the chair. After the preparations were completed, thousands of families sat in chairs and ordered their servants to light the rockets. However, with a loud noise, he disappeared into flames and smoke, and the first attempt of human rocket flight was unsuccessful.
In the 1980s, the reform and opening up brought the spring of space technology. From 65438 to 0986, the Central Committee of China and the State Council approved the outline of the high-tech research and development plan (referred to as the "863 Plan"), which listed space technology as one of the key points of high-tech research and development in China. Experts in the field of "863" high-tech space conducted in-depth and detailed argumentation on the future development of China's space technology, and described the blueprint for the development prospect of China's space technology. They agreed that manned space flight is the logical next development goal of China after the artificial satellite project. 1992 65438+ 10, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the manned spacecraft development project. Since then, China's manned spaceflight project has been officially launched. 1 999165438+1On October 20th, China successfully launched its first spaceship Shenzhou1,becoming the third country in the world to launch a spaceship. Since then, Shenzhou II, Shenzhou III and Shenzhou IV have been sent to the ninth heaven respectively. Before 1992 began to develop manned spacecraft, experts in the field of "863" high-tech space flight in China had studied for several years and worked out what kind of transporter to develop, that is, all kinds of technical schemes for directly developing space shuttle beyond manned spacecraft were fully demonstrated, compared and analyzed, and even had a heated debate.
In 2003, 10, 15 yen realized the dream of thousands of families, because on this day, the first manned spaceship, Shenzhou 5, which the people of China had been waiting for for for a long time, was successfully launched and returned safely, realizing the dream of China flying in the Millennium. It also broke the monopoly pattern of the United States, the Soviet Union and Russia in this field for many years, and became the third country in the world to independently develop and launch manned spacecraft, which played a great role in promoting the development of the world's manned space industry and revitalizing the China Association for Science and Technology.
The great significance of manned space flight
Historically, the rise of ocean navigation technology has led to the development of world trade, the opening of world market and a series of achievements of modern science, which has opened an era of "global civilization". The advent of contemporary manned space technology has brought mankind out of the cradle of the earth and into space, opening a new era of "space civilization".
Manned space flight is the product of the development of space technology to a higher stage. However, there are great differences between manned space technology and unmanned space technology, which are mainly reflected in three aspects: safety, complexity and high cost. Therefore, since 196 1 the first astronaut went to heaven, it has not shown particularly obvious use. However, in the foreseeable future, several problems that need to be solved urgently, such as resource depletion and population explosion, can only be solved by opening up the world and expanding the living space of mankind. Even in contemporary times, the development of manned space flight can also play the following roles:
First of all, it can reflect a country's comprehensive national strength and enhance its international prestige. Because the level and achievement of space technology is a comprehensive reflection of a country's economic and technological strength. Manned space flight is the development of space technology to a higher stage and a breakthrough in manned space flight-sending astronauts into space and returning safely with domestic manned spacecraft is also a symbol of a country's comprehensive national strength. The development of manned space flight needs to rely on advanced technical level, developed industrial base and strong economic strength. So far, only Russia and the United States have achieved manned space flight. Other countries with a certain space technology foundation or strong economic strength want to get their hands on manned space flight, but they are unable to do so, so they can only turn to cooperate with them and invest Russian and American manned spacecraft to send their astronauts into space, so as to gradually join the world's "manned space club." Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said: Without two bombs and one satellite, there would be no great power status of China. Therefore, China astronauts' entry into space can attract the world's attention, enhance China's international status, invigorate the national spirit and enhance the cohesion of the whole people, just as China had "two bombs and one satellite" in the 1960s and 1970s.
Secondly, it can reflect the achievements of modern science and technology in many fields, and at the same time put forward new development needs for all fields of modern science and technology, which can greatly promote the development of the whole science and technology and contribute to the cultivation and cultivation of aerospace science and technology talents. For example, as far as the development and operation of manned spacecraft are concerned, high requirements are put forward for technologies such as communication, remote sensing, propulsion, measurement, materials, computer, system engineering, automatic control, environmental control and life support, which greatly promotes the progress of these technologies.
Moreover, the development of manned space flight can promote the development of space resources and benefit mankind on earth. The high altitude position and microgravity of manned spacecraft can provide an ideal experimental site for scientific research. It plays an important role in promoting life science and biotechnology, microgravity science and application, and is expected to make breakthrough progress in some frontier disciplines and bring great benefits to mankind. Some countries have made remarkable achievements in aerospace pharmacy, aerospace breeding, aerospace material processing and other fields, and are ready to establish aerospace factories, with unlimited efficiency and benefits.
In addition, the population that the earth can accommodate is limited, about 8 billion ~ 1 1 100 million, so some people began to study the plan of emigrating to outer space; The energy on the earth is becoming more and more tense, so can we explore mineral deposits on other planets? This is a problem that scientists are concerned about, and it is not a fantasy, because many once unattainable myths and fantasies like manned landing on the moon have now become reality.
Finally, manned space flight has great military potential. Using manned spacecraft can accomplish reconnaissance and surveillance tasks well; Flexible deployment, maintenance and assembly of large military satellites; Safe and continuous command and control of military forces on the ground; It can also be used as a testing ground for special weapons. For example, as early as 1 965,65438+February, the astronauts on the Gemini 7 spacecraft in the United States used infrared remote sensors to monitor and track the launch of1submarine-launched missiles, and the information obtained was faster than that reported by the observers on the submarine. During 1 and the Second Gulf War, astronauts on the Mir space station and the International Space Station carried out a lot of observation activities in the war zone and obtained a lot of useful information.
The future prospect of manned space flight in China.
China's manned space flight will implement a "three-step" development strategy. On the basis of successfully launching four unmanned test spacecraft, China sent astronauts into space for the first time, achieving a historic breakthrough in manned space flight. However, this is only the first step. In the second step, in addition to continuing to carry out earth observation and manned spacecraft space experiments, we will focus on extravehicular activities, space rendezvous and docking tests, and launch long-term autonomous flight and short-term manned space laboratories, so as to build a complete space engineering system as soon as possible and solve space application problems of a certain scale. The third step is to build a larger space station with long-term care.