Mastering the key knowledge points of Chinese will make you more handy in the Chinese exam. The following are the main points of junior high school Chinese knowledge I collected for everyone to learn.

Essentials of junior high school Chinese knowledge (1)

First, the notional words in classical Chinese

1, the ancient and modern semantic changes of notional words in classical Chinese

First, the expansion of meaning; B, narrowing the meaning of words; C, the transformation of word meaning; D, the change of emotional color; E. the changes of ancient and modern meanings; F monosyllabic words are the main words in ancient Chinese, while disyllabic words are the main words in modern Chinese.

2. Polysemy of notional words in classical Chinese.

3. Flexible use of notional words in classical Chinese

The nature of some words in classical Chinese can be temporarily changed, such as nouns as verbs, nouns as adverbials, adjectives as nouns, causative usage, intentional usage, passive usage and so on.

4. Tong Jia Zi: The phenomenon of substituting one word for another in ancient books is called Tong Jia.

Second, the function words in classical Chinese

Accurately understand and master the common function words in classical Chinese? What about those who did it? And so on, accurately distinguish the usage and meaning in different sentences, in order to achieve the understanding of the sentence.

We can take a single function word as a clue to summarize and sort out, and fully understand its meaning and usage.

Thirdly, intermittent reading and translation of classical Chinese sentences.

1, intermittent reading of classical Chinese sentences

A, according to the word break: a word must not be broken;

B, the fracture between subject and predicate: there is often a big pause between subject and predicate;

C. break according to the structural relationship: if there is a hypothesis or continuation relationship in the sentence, it can be broken according to the relationship.

2. Translation of classical Chinese sentences

A, pay attention to the translation of keywords;

B. Pay attention to the translation of special sentence patterns;

C. Flexible use of translation methods: Leave, make up, delete, change the tone? .

Fourth, classical Chinese sentence patterns

Ellipsis, judgment, inversion, causative, conative and passive sentences.

Comparative reading of classical Chinese in and out of class

The main contents of the examination are as follows: ① Combining the two materials, pay attention to the different pronunciations of the added words; ② Specify specific statements and compare similarities and differences; (3) Similarities and differences in usage of commonly used interchangeable words; ④ Similarities and differences of notional words commonly used in classical Chinese; ⑤ Use function words commonly used in classical Chinese to solve problems in comparative reading materials; ⑥ According to the characteristics of the special sentence patterns of classical Chinese in class, find out the corresponding sentence patterns in the comparative reading materials; ⑦ Understand the basic contents of comparative reading materials and make comparative analysis; ⑧ Translate important sentences in comparative reading materials into modern Chinese; 9. Compare the similarities and differences between the two materials in content, writing and expression; Attending to compare the emotional tendency of reading materials.

Key points of junior middle school Chinese knowledge (2)

First, the common expressions of ancient poetry appreciation:

1, thoughts and feelings:

Worrying about the country and the people: exposing the debauchery and cruelty of the rulers; Reflect the pain caused by chaos to the people; Worries about the fate of the country.

Contribute to the country: the desire to make contributions; The sadness of serving the country without a door; The pain of mountains and rivers falling; An ambitious sigh.

Homesickness and homesickness: travel and troubles; Miss relatives and friends; Border homesickness; Pregnant in the boudoir.

Miscellaneous feelings of life: the leisure of landscape and countryside; The feeling of success in the past and decline now; Irony the present with the feelings of the past; The fleeting sadness of youth.

2. Emotional expression: This poem uses (expression, rhetoric, expression), writes the characteristics of (image), shows (highlights) (certain) thoughts and feelings, and plays a (certain) role.

Second, the creative style: simple and natural, fresh and elegant, depressed and frustrated, elegant and lofty, vigorous and lofty, tragic and desolate, rigorous and delicate, beautiful and graceful.

Ming features (naming language features accurately with one or two words)+examples (specifically analyzing this feature with relevant sentences in the poem)+feelings (pointing out how the poet's feelings are expressed)

Third, appreciate the expression skills.

1. Performance: narration, description, discussion, explanation and lyricism.

2. Structural form: reference, cohesion, transition, bedding, bedding, etc.

3. Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, synaesthesia, pun, contrast, repetition, etc.

4. Expression techniques: expressing ambition by things, expressing emotion by ancient times, satirizing the present by ancient times, using allusions, paving the way, symbolizing, contrasting, imagining, contrasting, seeing the big from the small, combining dynamic and static, combining reality with reality, and comparing (indirect lyric poetry).

5. Image: The specific people, events and scenes in the works.

Artistic conception: the artistic combination of images that sustains the author's thoughts forms the basic overall situation of poetry. Such as loneliness and desolation, passion flying, leisure and indifference, freshness and elegance, depression and depression.

6. Function: deepening artistic conception and theme, with profound artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, profound meaning, thought-provoking and far-reaching influence.

7. Appreciation of words: explain the meaning (explain the meaning of words in sentences)+describe the scene (put words in the original sentence to describe the scene)+analyze the effect (the role of words in the structure, what kind of feelings are expressed).

Key points of junior middle school Chinese knowledge (3)

1, narrative

Reading narratives (including fairy tales, newsletters and biographies) with the knowledge of narratives can help us understand the ideological content and narrative characteristics of the article. Clear the train of thought of the article, find out the words and sentences in the article, divide the paragraphs and levels of the article, and summarize the meanings of the paragraphs and levels. Grasp the center of a paragraph, find out the key sentences and understand the meaning of words and sentences accurately. Feel the thoughts and feelings expressed in the language of the article and summarize the central idea of the article. Understand several expressions of narration, discussion, description, lyric and explanation, and analyze the role of discussion and lyric in narration.

Narrative is a common style that takes narration and description as the main forms of expression and reflects life by describing concrete and real people and things. One is to use the relevant knowledge of narrative to perceive the general content of the article as a whole. Narrative knowledge includes narrative elements, person and order. When reading the narrative, we can use this knowledge to quickly sort out the ideas of the article and grasp the outline of the article. The second is to master the structural characteristics of the article and accurately divide the narrative level. To analyze the structure of the article and divide the level of the article, we should take the full text as the center and grasp the article as a whole on the basis of careful reading. Read the whole article paragraph by paragraph first, and then skim the detailed and written ones; In what order and how to transition and connect paragraphs; How is the beginning and the end arranged, and so on. Finding them helps to grade. The third is to correctly summarize and summarize the paragraph meaning and central meaning of the narrative. To summarize the meaning of a paragraph, we should adopt corresponding methods according to the characteristics of the paragraph. The main methods are as follows: ① extract the central sentence, some paragraphs are a little clear, so it is enough to extract the central sentence. (2) Summing up, if several meanings in a paragraph have primary and secondary meanings, you can extract the main ones and omit the secondary ones. (3) Conclude at the end of the paragraph. If the meaning of several layers in the paragraph is deeper, take the meaning of final induction. (4) Comprehensive induction, if several meanings are juxtaposed in a paragraph, combine several meanings to summarize a main meaning. The fourth is to find out the key words in the text and understand the meaning and expression function of these words in the language environment. When reading narrative, we must pay attention to understanding and analyzing the role of keywords in the expression center. Keywords refer to those words that help to reveal the central idea of the article and contain profound ideological significance. The method of identifying keywords is simple. Read the full text first and have a certain understanding of the central idea of the article, then you can grasp it more accurately. The fifth is the writing of writing character articles.

2. Explanatory text

Use the knowledge of expository writing to read expository writing and understand the content of the article (clearly explain what it is and grasp the characteristics of what is explained or clarified). Sort out the order of interpretation (chronological order, spatial order, logical order). Be able to analyze the interpretation methods used in the article. Analyze the levels of explanatory text and the relationship, transition and generalization between levels. Can grasp the central sentence of a paragraph, analyze and understand concise and accurate language. Explanatory text is an article that introduces and explains objective things or clarifies things with explanation as the main expression. Explanatory text requires a direct description of the characteristics of things, generally not a description of perceptual images, but also a description of shapes, properties, components, functions, etc. There is no need to comment on things directly, but its main function is to explain, which is the most obvious feature that distinguishes it from narrative and argumentative papers. In this case, when reading an expository article, we should think about what it explains, what is the connection between these contents, what is explained or explained in the article, what is the characteristics and essence of this thing or thing, in what order the author explains it, and what interpretation method the author adopts, so as to clarify the characteristics of things. Pay attention to the following points when reading the explanatory text:

First of all, start with the topic and understand the main content of the explanation.

The second is to analyze the relationship between each paragraph and accurately grasp the characteristics or essence of things.

The third is to clarify and master the order of instructions.

Fourth, we should pay attention to the role of various interpretation methods in the text.

Fifth, carefully analyze the language characteristics of expository writing.

Sixth, simply explain the writing of the article.

3. Argumentative essay

Grasp the characteristics of argumentative writing, understand the content of the article, and understand the author's attitude and viewpoint. Can sort out the level of the article, find out or summarize the arguments from the article, and understand the relationship between the central argument and the sub-argument. Be able to analyze the arguments of argumentative writing, understand the relationship between arguments and arguments, and understand their role in clarifying opinions. Understanding the argumentation method and its function of the article can distinguish argumentation from refutation, and understand the accuracy, rigor, generalization and strong emotion of argumentative language. Argumentative writing is a genre of writing that uses facts and reasons to demonstrate or refute certain viewpoints and propositions. Its main performance is discussion. Argumentative writing uses the logical form of concept, judgment and reasoning to demonstrate and clarify the truth of objective things, and pays attention to convincing people with reasoning.

Pay attention to the following points when reading argumentative essays:

(1) clarify the author's ideas, grasp the structure of the article, and grasp the full text;

(2) Accurately grasp the arguments of each argumentative paper, and correctly analyze the types, argumentation methods and functions of argumentative papers;

(3) Understand the way of argumentative writing and experience the generalization, accuracy, distinctiveness, preciseness and strong emotion of argumentative writing language.

(4) Write a simple argumentative essay.

4. Novels and essays

When reading a novel with the knowledge of the three elements of the novel, we should grasp the personality characteristics of the characters. It is necessary to understand how the novel expresses the character and expresses the central idea through the story. It is necessary to understand the role of environmental description in the novel in expressing the identity, status, movements, emotions and rendering atmosphere of the characters.

When reading prose, we should pay attention to grasping clues, analyzing rhetorical methods used in prose and realizing its functions.