Stylistic knowledge of narration

(1) Elements: time, place, person, cause, process and result of the event.

(2) people:

First person (me, us): it is convenient to express ideas directly and make readers feel cordial, natural and authentic.

② Second person address (you, you): it is convenient to express feelings directly.

The third person (he, they): not limited by time and space, reflecting that life is more free and flexible.

(3) Clues: Clues that run through all the materials in the article. The clue of the article can be something, a central event, a paragraph of thoughts and feelings, a sentence, an action. Clues are often marked in language, sometimes they are displayed by repeating a word from beginning to end, and sometimes the title of an article contains clues.

(4) Details: highlight the main materials in the center, write them in detail, and omit the secondary materials. Appropriate details can make the article clear and focused.

(5) Order:

(1) Sequential narration: It is the most basic narrative method to write according to the sequence of events. Xu Shun can easily describe things from beginning to end, and the context is clear and vivid.

(2) Flashback: A method of describing an event or the end of the most important and prominent segment in front, and then starting from the beginning of the event, according to the original development order. Flashback can enhance the vividness of the article and make it fascinating.

③ Insertion method: In the process of narrating the central event, in order to help unfold the plot or portray the characters, the narrative clues are temporarily interrupted and a narrative method related to the main plot is inserted.

(6) Five ways of expression: Narrative is mainly narrative and description, with explanation, discussion and lyricism.

(7) Five descriptions of characters: appearance description, manner description, action description, language description and psychological description.

(8) Common rhetorical devices: metaphor: vivid image; Personification: endowing something with human character and feelings; Parallelism: strengthening tone and language potential; Rhetorical question: strengthen tone, enhance language potential and stimulate readers' feelings; Exaggeration: highlight the characteristics (degree) of the depicted thing or scene; Setting questions: ask yourself and answer yourself to attract readers' attention and thinking; Repetition: strengthen tone and enhance language potential;

In addition, there are duality, quotation, metonymy, irony and contrast.

(9) Language style: cordial and colloquial, humorous and ironic, passionate, Leng Yan spicy, simple and natural, vivid and vivid, novel and refined.

(10) Common techniques of expression: contrast, setting off, rendering, setting off, symbolizing, satirizing, raising objects to express ambition, seeing the big from the small, setting up suspense, suppressing before promoting (trying to promote first), etc.

(1 1) Transition: In order to maintain the coherence between levels or paragraphs, context can naturally connect with transition. Transition plays a connecting role. Context can be transformed naturally, or it can be transformed with words, sentences and paragraphs.

(12) Care: Make necessary responses to the previous contents at the end of the article. Careful can make the article coherent and seamless.

(13) Description: A vivid description and depiction of people, events, scenery and things.

① Character description: positive description: a direct description of a character's portrait, language, movements and psychology, thus vividly expressing the character's ideological character.

Character profile: indirectly express the character by describing the things around him, such as setting off the character with scenery; Represent the depicted characters with the help of others' reflections; Contrast other characters and set off the main description object.

2 environmental description: natural environment description: generally used to explain the time, place and weather of human activities; Set off the emotions of the characters; Render the atmosphere, etc.

Description of social environment: It refers to the description of the social background where the story takes place, which can better depict the characters and express the theme, and is a good description.

Summary of expository knowledge

1, indicating the order.

The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.

(l) Explain in chronological order, that is, explain in turn according to the time sequence of changes and development of things. This order is often used to explain the development and changes of things.

(2) According to spatial order's interpretation, that is, according to the spatial position of specific things or from front to back, or from top to bottom, or from outside to inside, or from far to near. It shows that the structure of buildings mostly adopts this order.

(3) Explain in logical order, that is, from cause to result, or from phenomenon to essence, or from feature to use, or from main to secondary, or from general to concrete, or from general to special, or from whole to part. Explain things in logical order.

2. Explain the method.

Common interpretation methods include: classification, definition, example, comparison, chart, analogy, drawing chart, quoting data, etc.

Classification. According to the similarities and differences in shape, nature, causes and functions of things, things are divided into several categories and explained one by one to make them clear.

(2) definition. Explain the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and make readers have a clear concept of the explained object.

(3) give an example. Use the method of enumerating examples to understand more complicated things or abstract things concretely and clearly.

(4) Make a comparison. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.

(5) column number. In order to quantitatively explain the characteristics, some things are often explained by some numbers, which can make readers understand more accurately and concretely.

(6) for example. By comparing the similarities between two different things, we can highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of interpretation.

(7) Draw a chart. Explaining things with charts can often make up for the lack of words and understand things more directly and concretely.

(8) Reference information. The range of materials is very wide, which can be classic works, famous sayings and epigrams, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs. Citing information for explanation will make the explanation more substantial and specific.

3. Experience the characteristics of accurate and concise explanatory language.

The accuracy of descriptive language is often reflected in some words that express time, quantity, degree and scope. Therefore, studying and understanding how these words accurately explain the shape, nature, cause and function of things will help us to perceive and understand the things being explained.

4. Understand the characteristics and functions described and described in the explanatory text.

In order to make the characteristics and essence of the explanatory object more distinct and prominent, or to make the article more vivid and interesting, appropriate narration and description can be made in the explanatory text. Especially when explaining unfamiliar things and profound truths, if the explanation is properly combined with narration and description, the article will be easy to understand and fascinating. Because the narrative and description in the explanatory text serve for explanation, their length is very short.

Knowledge points of argumentative writing:

(1) Grasp the argument of the article (2) Clarify the argument of the article.

(3) Understand the argumentation method of the article (4) Understand the argumentation structure of the article.

(5) Understand the argumentation mode of argumentative writing; (6) Experience the linguistic features of argumentative writing.

Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argument (clear argument, conclusive argument and rigorous argument)

First, the characteristics of the argument: ① correct ② distinct.

Methods of inductive argumentation:

1, heading 2, beginning 3, ending 4, middle:

(1) Infer arguments by summarizing their similarities.

(2) Summative words reflect the central argument of the sentence (for example, this shows; I think; Anyway ...)

(3) First find out the theme of the article, and then find out the similar judgment words that appear repeatedly in the article according to the theme.

Merge similar items and finally summarize them.

Note: The sentence of inductive argument must be a complete and clear sentence of affirmative judgment.

Second, argument

Factual arguments (such as real events, historical facts, statistics, specific figures, etc.). )

Theoretical arguments: (including recognized principles, formulas, definitions, rules, laws, famous sayings and aphorisms, etc.). ).)

Summarize the main points of the argument: ×× people+how to do it (closely related to the argument)+results.

Note: Some quotations may not be famous sayings, but concrete facts and factual arguments.

III. Model Law and Its Role

Examples argument (case argument), quotation argument (truth argument), metaphor argument, contrast argument (positive and negative contrast argument).

1, example method (putting facts): a specific and typical argument that has been fully proved.

2. Quote (reasoning): What is quoted to demonstrate an argument and make it convincing.

3. Metaphor (reasoning): Illustrate an argument in an image to make reasoning easier to understand.

4. Contrast method (reasoning): through comparison, highlight an argument and make reasoning more vivid.

The role of various argumentation methods

1. Give an example: cite a celebrity case or an example of your own experience to prove your point. (Use factual arguments to prove the argument)

Function: Use examples to demonstrate and cite … (summarize examples) to prove … (if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument), thus making the argument more specific and convincing.

2. Cite arguments: cite famous sayings, proverbs, formula theorems and other authoritative statements to prove arguments. (Use logical argument to prove the argument)

Note: The cited arguments are complicated, which are related to the specific cited materials, including quoting famous sayings, aphorisms, authoritative materials, anecdotes of celebrities, jokes, etc., and their functions should be analyzed in detail. For example, quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read.

Function: To demonstrate … (argument) by quoting arguments, quotations from famous sayings, proverbs and aphorisms of …, further enhancing the persuasiveness and authority of the argument. (or more interesting, attracting readers to read)

3. Contrastive demonstration: make a sharp contrast with positive and negative facts or reasons.

Function: Use the method of comparative argument to compare ... As ..., the viewpoint of harmony ... is highlighted.

4. Metaphorical argument: use metaphor to prove the argument.

Function: Using the method of metaphorical argument, contrast.

Fourth, the language characteristics of argumentative writing: rigorous and accurate.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) argument method: argument and refutation.

I wish you better and better grades!