First, the author can express rich content with concise pen and ink, which makes readers feel that a short article actually contains a lot of things, and naturally feels that the article is very substantial and rich. Reading ideas naturally follow the author's pen, and of course there will be "sheng";
Secondly, Jia Yi's description of the rise and fall of Qin is very organized. He grasped a vertical line, that is, from the rise of Qin Xiaogong to the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the articles were always arranged in chronological order. On the other hand, highlighting a certain point in a certain period of time enables people to see not only the "line", but also the "points" on the "line" described with strong colors. So I can't help but push down and read in the order arranged by the author. So it also brings a strong feeling to people.
On Qin dynasty
? According to solid belief, Qin Xiaogong holds the land of Yongzhou, and the monarch and his subjects stick to it, so that he can get a glimpse of the Zhou family, which has swept the world, embraced the world and swallowed up the heart of the Eight Wastes. When the time comes, Shang Jun should help it, legislate internally, cultivate and maintain the tools of war; Against the prince outside the company. So the Qin people surrendered and took the Xijiang River.
Without filial piety, Huiwen, Wuwu and Zhao Xiang inherited their careers. Because of its legacy, Hanzhong in the south, Ba and Shu in the west, fertile land in the east and key counties in the north. Feared, the vassal states sought to weaken the State of Qin through alliance, and did not cherish the precious and fertile land, so that the people of the world could join hands and become one. At this time, there are Meng Chang, Zhao Pingyuan, Chu Chunshen and Wei Xinling. These four monarchs are wise and faithful, generous and caring, and respect the virtuous and value the virtuous. They are all from Tianping, belonging to Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. So the people of the six countries, including Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin and Du He, worked for it, while Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Zhao Liu, Lou Man, Zhai Jing, Su Li and Le Yi worked for it, while Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She worked for it. Taste ten times the land, millions of people, knock on the customs and attack Qin. Qin people used to delay the enemy, the division of the nine countries, and did not dare to enter. Wu Qin's death cost him money, but the ruler of the world has been trapped. So he was defeated from the loose contract and bribed Qin to cede territory. Qin spared no effort to control its disadvantages, chasing after death and driving north, burying millions of bodies and bleeding profusely. Take advantage of the trend, slaughter the world and split the mountains and rivers. Strong countries please submit, weak countries enter the DPRK. Extending to the king of Zhuang Xiang, the country enjoys a shallow life and the country has nothing to do.
When Emperor Fen VI was fierce, he made a long-term plan to conquer the palace, swallowed the princes who died within two weeks, followed the supreme rule, and made Liuhe, whipping the world by beating and shocking the world. Take the land of Baiyue in the south as Guilin and Xiang Jun; Baiyue Wang bowed his head and tightened his neck, appointing officials. So Meng Tian built the Great Wall and guarded the fence in the north, but the Huns were more than 700 miles away. The conference semifinals dare not go south to herd horses, and the scholars dare not bow to their knees. So let's abolish Wang Zhidao and burn the words of a hundred schools of thought. Famous city, kill heroes, gather soldiers from all over the world, gather in Xianyang, sell dysprosium, and cast it into twelve gold people to weaken the people from all over the world. Then, Jianhua will become a city, because the river is a pool. According to the city of 100 million feet, it will be strong because of the unexpected abyss. A good general will guard the key points with a strong crossbow, and a loyal minister will be Chen Libing. The world is set, and the emperor's heart begins, thinking that Guanzhong is solid, Jincheng is thousands of miles away, and the descendants of the emperor will always have a career.
I have been shocked by this unusual custom since the first emperor died. However, Chen She's son Weng Huan's rope pivot is a self-protection official, and immigrants are also; Talents are not as good as Chinese people, not as good as the wealth of sages in Mo Zhai, Zhong Ni, Tao Zhu and Yi Dun; Cui Deli was stubborn among the ranks and buildings, and hundreds of people turned to attack Qin, cut firewood for soldiers, unveiled the banner, and the world gathered to respond, grabbing food and chasing the scenery. Shandong Haojun rose together and Qin family died.
Moreover, the world is not small and weak, and Yongzhou is solid and self-sufficient. Chen She's position is not respected by Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. Thorns are hoed, not long shovels of hooks; The people stationed in the garrison are not resistant to the division of the nine countries; Visionary, marching with troops, not for the people of the times. However, success or failure is different, and achievements are the opposite. Why? Try to make Lu and Chen She bigger and bigger, and we can't talk about it in the same year. Qin, however, is a mere place, but it has become a thousand times more powerful, with eight countries in the same column, which has been more than a hundred years. Then take Liuhe as home and faith as palace; Water under the bridge, but difficult to be alone. Benevolence and kindness are not applied, and the tendency to attack and defend is different.
The Qin dynasty destroyed Zeus, merged with the sea, became a vassal, proclaimed himself emperor in the south, and supported the world. People in the world are as bright as the wind. If so, why? Yue: There has been no king recently. Zhou Shi is humble, five tyrants are destroyed, and the world is unbearable. It is based on the governors' efforts to govern, bullying the weak, the public being violent and widowed, the soldiers constantly reforming, and the scholars stopping the disadvantages. Today, Qinnan is the king of the world, and the world has a son of heaven. Since the people of Yuan Yuan have saved their lives, they must be humble and look up. At this time, this is the foundation of security.
The king of Qin was greedy for profit, self-motivated, did not believe in merit, did not kiss the gentry, abandoned the king and set up an affair, burned books and buried Confucianism, and bullied power before righteousness, which began with tyranny. Husband merger is fraudulent and safe. This statement is not the same as keeping it. The Qin dynasty ruled the world from the Warring States period. Its way was not easy, and its politics remained unchanged, so it was preserved. There is loneliness, so its death can stand and stay. In order to control his own administration, the king of Qin allowed to discuss the affairs of the world and the traces of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. Although he is immoral and arrogant, he is still in no danger. Therefore, the three kings built the world with their good names and long-term achievements.
Today, when Qin Ershi is established, the world must lead and observe its government. Cold people are greedy, and hungry people are willing to spoil chaff. The world is noisy, and the capital of the new master is also. This remark is easy for Wei Minren. Make the second trip to the Lord, be loyal to the Lord, be single-minded, worry about family troubles, and be guilty of the first emperor; After dividing the land into heroes, he will establish a national monarch and glory the world; Free from punishment and slaughter, collect filthy crimes and make everyone betray their hometown; Send granaries and scattered money to help the poor who are lonely; Give little to help the people; Make a promise of salvation and punishment, so that everyone in the world can turn over a new leaf, practice more and be careful of themselves; The hope of the people is blocked, and the world is freed by virtue. That is to say, everyone in the four seas is happy, and everyone is in his place, lest it change. Although there are cunning people who don't want to die, unscrupulous ministers can't decorate their wisdom and riot and treachery.
The second one can't do this, but there is nothing that can be done: the ancestral temple and people are broken, and Epang Palace is needed; There are countless heavy punishments, and the governance is unforgettable; Improper reward and punishment, excessive collection. There are many things in the world, and officials are undisciplined; The people are poor, but God has no pity on them. Then the traitors rise together and flee from top to bottom; There are many guilty people, and the punishment is across the road, and the world suffers. As for the masses who rise up and attack, the people are worried about themselves and are close to poverty, so they are uneasy and easy to move. Therefore, Chen She needs no soup, no warrior, no respect from vassals, and osawa who goes forward bravely, while those who respond to the world are in danger.
So the late king, seeing the same ending, knew the reason for survival. This is the way of herders. It's just a matter of security. Although there is a retrograde minister, there will be no response. Therefore, it is right to say that "it is safe for the people, and it is easy to be right and wrong when it is dangerous for the people." You are the son of heaven, rich and rich, you are in the slaughterhouse, right and wrong. It's also II's fault.
Qin is also a vassal of more than 30 counties in Shandong Province, which is close to Tianjin. According to the dangerous situation, it is guarded by soldiers. However, Chen She led hundreds of scattered people, shouting loudly and bravely. He doesn't use bows and arrows to attack soldiers, but he wanders around the world, watching the family for dinner. Qin people don't keep dangerous things, don't close beams, don't stab halberds, and don't shoot crossbows. Chu Division went deep and fought in Hong Men without obstacles. So the Shandong governors got together and stood side by side. Qin was made a general, and moved eastward. He wanted to stay in the city and secure the three armed forces. The distrust of ministers can be seen here. Ziying was established, but he didn't realize it. In order to let Zi Ying have the material to be the master and only get the assistant, although Shandong is chaotic, the land of Sanqin can be all there, and the ancestral temple sacrifice must not be lost.
The land of Qin is surrounded by mountains and rivers, and it is also a country that is blocked on all sides. Since Miao Gong, there have been more than twenty kings of Qin, and there are often princes and princes. Is this Shixian? Its potential is incredible. And the world has tried to attack Qin wholeheartedly, but those who are trapped in obstacles and cannot enter are not brave enough and wise enough? The shape is unfavorable and the potential is inconvenient. Although Qin was a small city, it was cut into a big city and had to be defended by Eritrea. Princes start from ordinary people. In order to benefit society, they don't have a trip to the king. A friend is not close, but a man is not attached. It is called the death of Qin, but it is also beneficial. He saw that Qin Jun was hard to resist, and he would retreat. The case will help the people to deal with their disadvantages, and the weak will help them so that the king of a big country will not be complacent at home. You are the son of heaven, rich in the world, and as a bird, you can save the day.
The king of Qin is satisfied without seeking, and does not change it. Second, because of it, I will not change it. Tyranny is a serious disaster. Ziying is isolated and helpless. Is it inappropriate to die if the three masters are puzzled for life? At this time, I am not a visionary, but I dare not be loyal to those who have already pointed out. The customs of Qin dynasty are forbidden, and the advice did not die in my mouth. Therefore, everyone in the world listens, stands and keeps silent. Therefore, the three masters lost their way, loyal ministers did not remonstrate, and the wise men did not plan. There is chaos in the world, and adultery is unheard of. Aren't you sad? Knowing that seclusion would harm the country, the late king set up officials, doctors and scholars to punish the world with decorative methods. Also strong, no riots. Its weakness, Wang Ba levy and governors from it; Also cut it, keep it inside and attach it outside, and the country will survive. Therefore, the prosperity of the Qin Dynasty was also complicated and shocked the world. And its decline, people complain and rebel at home. Therefore, Zhou Wang's sequence has been successful for more than a thousand years; Qin lost its beginning and end, so it can't last long. From this point of view, the security system is far from complete.
A vulgar proverb says, "If you don't forget the past, you will know the future." It takes a gentleman as the country, looks at the past and looks at the present, participates in personnel, examines the rise and fall, judges the right tactics, is orderly, and changes with time, so the country has long-term stability.
On Guo Qin is the representative work of Jia Yi's political theory, which is divided into three parts. The full text analyzes the faults of the Qin Dynasty from various aspects, so it is named "On Qin". This paper aims to summarize the historical lessons of Qin's sudden death and provide reference for the establishment of the system and the consolidation of the rule in the Han Dynasty. It is a group of articles with profound insights and great artistic appeal.