Text content
Someone once said that truth was born after a hundred question marks. In fact, this sentence itself is a truth. Throughout the history of thousands of years of scientific and technological development, the discoverers and founders of theorems, laws and theories are almost all very good at looking at problems from tiny and commonplace natural phenomena, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems, tracing back to the source, and finally putting "?" Straighten to "!" Found the truth.
Taking a bath is a very common thing. However, Professor Xie Piluo, head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, keenly noticed that every time the bath water was put in, the vortex of the water always rotated counterclockwise. Why is this? Xie Piluo grasped a question mark tightly and conducted repeated experiments and research. 1962, he published a paper that this vortex is related to the earth's rotation, and if the earth stops rotating, it will not be produced. He believes that in the northern hemisphere, bath water rotates counterclockwise; If it is in the southern hemisphere, the whirlpool of bath water will rotate clockwise; However, on the equator, no vortex will form. His view has aroused great interest of scientists all over the world. They have carried out experiments in various places, and the results prove that Xie Piluo's conclusion is completely correct.
Coincidentally. /kloc-One summer in the 0/7th century, the famous British chemist Boyle hurried to his laboratory. He was just about to step into the door of the laboratory when the intoxicating smell came to his nostrils, only to find that the roses in the garden were in full bloom. He wanted to have a good look at these charming flowers, but thinking of the experimental arrangement of the day, he picked some violets and put them in a flask filled with water, and then began to do experiments with his assistants. Unfortunately, an assistant accidentally spilled a drop of hydrochloric acid on the violet. Boyle, who loves flowers, washed the smoking violet with water and put it back in the vase. Who knows that when the water falls on the petals, the petals splashed with hydrochloric acid miraculously turn red. Boyle immediately realized sensitively that there is a component in violets that will turn red when it meets hydrochloric acid. So, what exactly is this substance? Will other plants have the same substance? How will other acids react to this substance? What is the significance of this for chemical research? This strange phenomenon and a series of problems prompted Boyle to carry out many experiments. He found that most flowers and plants will change color under the action of acid or alkali, among which the purple extract extracted from litmus lichen is the most obvious, which turns red in acid and blue in alkali. Using this characteristic, Boyle made litmus test paper commonly used in experiments. In the next three hundred years, this kind of test paper was widely used in chemical experiments.
The most interesting thing is an Austrian doctor. Once when his son was sleeping, he found his son rolling his eyes. He felt very strange and quickly woke up his son, who said he had just had a dream. The doctor thought, will rolling your eyes have something to do with dreaming? What does it matter? He was puzzled, so he repeatedly made observation experiments with his son, wife and neighbors, and finally came to the conclusion that when sleeping people rolled their eyes, they were really dreaming. Now people study the physiology of dreams, and measure the number and length of dreams according to the number and time of eye movements.
The whirlpool of bath water, the discoloration of violets, and rolling your eyes while sleeping are all very common things. People who are good at "asking questions in a casserole" have made discoveries, inventions, creations and achievements.
In the history of science, there are many such examples, which show that science is not mysterious and truth is not far away. As long as you know a little, be good at asking questions and keep exploring, then you can find the truth after you answer a few question marks.
Of course, the ability to know a little, to be good at asking questions and to explore constantly is not born out of thin air. As mathematician Hua said, the inspiration of science can never wait. If there is any accidental opportunity for scientific discovery, then this "accidental opportunity" can only be given to those who are prepared, to those who are good at independent thinking and to those who have perseverance.
Text introduction
The title of the text is "Truth is born after a hundred question marks", which is also the main point of the text. The text is mainly based on facts. As long as you are good at observing, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems and persistently tracing back to the source, you can find the truth in real life.
The text can be divided into three parts. The first part (1 paragraph) comes straight to the point and puts forward opinions. It is clearly pointed out that "truth is born after a hundred question marks" is itself "truth". The second part (paragraphs 2 to 6) uses examples to prove this point. This is the main part of the article. First of all, it is generally pointed out that in the history of scientific and technological development for thousands of years, the discovery of scientific truth, those theorems, laws and theories were obtained only after the discoverers and creators answered "a hundred question marks". Then, this leads to three representative examples in the history of scientific development. The first example is that Professor Xie Piluo found the problem in the whirlpool of bath water. Through repeated experiments and research, he found that the rotation direction of the vortex of water is related to the rotation of the earth. The second example is that Boyle, a famous British chemist, accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn petals red, and then conducted many experiments and finally invented the acid-base test paper. The third example is the phenomenon that Austrian doctors roll their eyes when their sons dream. After repeated observation and analysis, they infer the universal law of all sleepers rolling their eyes when they dream. Finally, it summarizes three typical cases, emphasizing that these three cases are "all very common things", but they all find the truth. Therefore, as long as there is the spirit of "asking the truth in a casserole", we will surely "find something, invent something, create something and achieve something". The third part (paragraphs 7 to 8) summarizes the full text and reiterates the views. It is pointed out that science is not mysterious or far away, and the key lies in "knowing what it sees", constantly exploring, being good at independent thinking and having the spirit of perseverance.
The purpose of writing this text is to let students understand the general law of scientific discovery-"truth comes after a hundred questions", and to feel and understand the scientific spirit of omniscient, independent thinking, perseverance and continuous exploration; The second is to learn the text to illustrate the writing method of ideas with specific typical examples and understand the form of argumentative essays.
2. Text analysis.
Understanding of (1) sentence.
(1) Put "?"at the end Straighten to "!" , found the truth. "?" Here is a problem of discovery, a constant problem, "!" It is through exploration, confusion and discovery of the truth. This sentence expresses an abstract truth in an intuitive way and leaves a deep impression on people.
People who are good at "asking what's next" have discovered, invented, created and achieved something. As the saying goes, "ask why" expresses the spirit of perseverance and continuous exploration. The words "discovery", "invention", "creation" and "achievement" are arranged in descending order of harvest, which also shows that ordinary things contain truth and great achievements, and only those who ask what is next can do it.
As long as you know everything, be good at asking questions and keep exploring, you can find the truth after you answer a few question marks. This sentence adopts the sentence pattern of "as long as ..."
(4) If there is any accidental opportunity for scientific discovery, then this "accidental opportunity" can only be given to those who are prepared, to those who are good at independent thinking, and to those who have perseverance. This sentence explains the conditions for discovering truth. There is an "accidental opportunity" in scientific discovery, which shows that scientific truth exists around us and is not mysterious. Just for … illustrates the difficulty of scientific discovery and points out that the discovery of scientific truth is conditional, that is, for those who are "prepared", "independent thinking" and "persistent". "Truth comes after asking a hundred questions" is to find problems keenly, think persistently and solve problems in depth.
(2) Understanding of words.
Theorem: A proposition or formula that has been proved to be correct and can be used as a principle or law, such as a geometric theorem.
Law: a scientific summary of objective laws, reflecting the inevitable connection of things in a certain changing process under certain conditions.
Theory: refers to the idea or viewpoint of academic self-contained theoretical system.
Common: it's not surprising to see more. Tracing back to the source: tracing back to the source.
Keenness: keen sense and sharp eyes. Coincidentally, in a rare case, there is a pair of people who look alike.
A mystery; A hundred times; Many times; Solution: understand. I thought about it all, but I couldn't figure it out.
Get to the bottom of it: Metaphor goes to the root of the matter. See the micro-knowledge: micro: faint; Note: Obviously. When you see the first sign of something, you can know its essence and development trend.
Perseverance: perseverance: lettering; S: Stop. Metaphor is perseverance and perseverance.
(3) The transitional sentence in the first paragraph. Of course, the ability to know a little, to be good at asking questions and to explore constantly is not born out of thin air.
Related links
1. Ye Yonglie (born on August 30th, 1940/kloc-0) is a famous popular science writer and biographer. He is the main author of "100,000 Why" and has a science fiction novel "PHS Roaming in the Future", which has great influence. He also wrote biographies such as Historical Choice of Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek, China under the Stars and Stripes, Biography of Hu Qiaomu and Biography of Ma Sicong. 1998 won the "Best Biographer Award" in the Golden Dragon Award of China Literary Artists. The new edition of PHS Roaming in the Future won the 13th China Book Award in February, 2002. In June, 2005, 10 was awarded the China Outstanding Biographer Award.
2. litmus test paper litmus is a kind of dendritic lichen, which can extract reddish-purple crystal powder, and the main component of the powder is alkaline carbonate; This powder is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in alcohol. Dissolving the powder in an alcohol solution to form a mixture, namely litmus dye; The filter paper is soaked in dye and dried to become litmus test paper. Litmus test paper is often used to test the pH of substances. If litmus test paper is put into acidic solution, the test paper will turn red; If it is put into alkaline solution, the test paper will turn blue.