Cultural industrialization has put forward many problems that must be considered for our cultural education. As a national vocal music education with China cultural tradition and characteristics, what position should it occupy in the development of China cultural industry? What's the role? What are the development opportunities? This paper puts forward a new idea of developing national vocal music education from the perspective of cultural industry theory from four aspects: national vocal music education and cultural and artistic producers, contemporary science and technology, cultural resources and cultural market.
Keywords: national vocal music education, cultural industry, cultural resources, cultural market
As a new industrial form of wealth creation in contemporary human society, cultural industry develops with the process of global industrialization and modernization, and it is a global emerging industry representing the development of modern economy and social culture. Therefore, it has aroused widespread concern in all aspects of society. In recent years, the practice and theory of China's cultural industry have developed vigorously, which has raised some new problems for various cultural and artistic undertakings. In-depth thinking and discussion on these issues will help us find the right direction, clarify the purpose, increase the motivation and achieve practical results in the development of cultural and artistic undertakings.
First, national vocal music education and cultural and artistic producers
The essence of international competition in 2 1 century is cultural competition, and cultural competitiveness has become an indispensable part of comprehensive national strength. Cultural industry is the carrier and direct embodiment of cultural competitiveness, and the first prerequisite for developing cultural industry competitiveness is to comprehensively improve artistic productivity.
One of the basic elements of artistic productivity is cultural and artistic producers, and national vocal music education is a concrete means to cultivate cultural and artistic producers (singers). China's national vocal music education has trained many singers for contemporary China, and a group of outstanding singers started the era of national vocal music, but this did not constitute the corresponding artistic productivity and cultural competitiveness-how many of our national vocal music works have entered the international market? How many people can our national vocal artists travel around the world every year? How much economic returns do these international performances have? Even in China, the problem is very serious: the publication of national vocal music records is far less popular; There are few special performances of national vocal music with little influence; The creation style of national vocal music works is single, and the theme is similar; What is even more embarrassing for the whole vocal music education circle is that most vocal music students will change careers after graduation ... These phenomena put forward a realistic topic for national vocal music education-what kind of cultural and artistic producers should we cultivate!
In today's society, under the global cultural industry environment, people who show great energy as the basic elements of cultural productivity are no longer just singing artists, but include planning, production, management, operation, communicators, critics and so on. It is precisely because of the joint efforts of many people engaged in all aspects of cultural and artistic production that the art industry can flourish. To become a powerful driving force for the development of comprehensive national strength, national vocal music education should change the current educational concept: first, national vocal music education should cultivate singers with voice control and expression ability, and at the same time, it should also cultivate singers of national vocal music art. As art producers, these singers should be able to express some special times or regional cultural styles; Secondly, on the basis of cultivating singing skills, national vocal music education should also expand teaching contents and methods, so that singers can understand the ways and means to realize artistic value-planning, production, management, communication and so on. And actively participate in the practice of cultural industry, thus changing the current unprofessional operation mode of national vocal music art industry and simply pursuing economic interests, so that national vocal music learners have more initiative and broader space for survival and development in the cultural market.
Second, national vocal music education and contemporary science and technology
The development of contemporary science and technology determines the technical character of modern civilization, and also determines the technical characteristics of the production and dissemination of national vocal music art. The extensive application of the most advanced technology, equipment, means and methods in various industries of cultural and artistic production also puts forward a new topic for national vocal music education on how to improve the quality of education by means of science and technology.
In the face of fierce competition in the cultural and artistic market, only artists who master scientific and technological means to produce, accumulate and spread art can stand out. In the era of science and technology, the spread of national vocal music art is no longer dominated by interpersonal communication, but mostly by mass communication (radio, television, internet, CD, VCD, DVD, etc.). Modern digital technology has created ubiquitous and easy-to-use recording, video recording, production, processing, editing and synthesis equipment for singers. Every singer must first learn how to use recording and amplification equipment to make his songs conform to the conventional pickup effect (especially the expression of those particularly soft or strong voices). Repeatedly honing the voice with its own characteristics through recording means makes the spread of vocal music more accurate, smooth, delicate and touching. In addition, the performance characteristics of national vocal music can be profoundly and richly tempered through digital video recording equipment. The singer feels completely different in front of the camera and the mirror. Only by recording and objectively examining ourselves can we accurately grasp the essentials and discretion of the performance and create touching audio-visual effects. This naturally requires the input of vocal music teaching equipment. As the property of vocal music teaching equipment, piano has become primitive and backward. Cultivating modern talents requires advanced ideas and modern equipment. Schools should provide high-tech teaching equipment for vocal music teaching and lay a material foundation for cultivating modern vocal music talents with high scientific and technological content in the new period.
Today's world is an information world composed of media, which Canadian scholar McLuhan calls "the global village". Due to the development and popularization of communication technology, people generally have a special dependence on the media: information, knowledge, culture and entertainment. It all depends on the spread of the media. The development of national vocal music also depends on the media indiscriminately. Therefore, mastering media technology and methods and improving communication awareness and communication ability is an important foundation for developing cultural industries and an urgent task for all cultural and educational undertakings. Nowadays, online media has triggered a wave of music communication. The network not only spreads fast, but also spreads widely, and its influence has surpassed that of radio and television. In this situation, why should national vocal music be silent? Why not spread yourself and be an audience? Do you think you are lofty? Don't! On the one hand, communication awareness is not strong, on the other hand, it is relatively unfamiliar with contemporary technology. Vocal music teachers should be familiar with and master contemporary science and technology, and guide students to study and practice. On the contrary, some teachers do not take the initiative to understand the development of science and technology, indulge in the traditional vocal music teaching mode, do not strive for progress, and some even lag behind students, resulting in a passive situation in teaching and learning. The backwardness of teachers' knowledge of modern science and technology is a major obstacle to cultivating cultural and artistic producers. In fact, online art communication means is also an important part of the cultural industry. Various audio and video editing software applications are very convenient and effective, and the playing efficiency of compressed streaming media format is getting higher and higher. Network art communication has formed a strong trend, impacting the traditional mainstream media. In view of this, national vocal music education should broaden the scientific teaching concept, develop the technical teaching content, strengthen the construction of technical equipment, improve the quality of teachers, and make new attempts, explorations and contributions in personnel training, cultural accumulation, artistic exchange, media communication and industrial upgrading.
Third, national vocal music education and cultural resources
The development of contemporary science and technology has promoted the rapid development of cultural industry, but in order to make cultural industry gain strong competitiveness, we must also pay attention to the protection, development and utilization of cultural and artistic resources. In the process of developing cultural and artistic productivity, cultural and artistic resources can transcend the limitations of time, region, country and nation and become the spiritual wealth of all mankind, so as to seek development and utilization, and at the same time promote cultural consumption, cultural exchange and cultural trade around the world.
China's cultural heritage for thousands of years is a great wealth of today's cultural industry. If it can be developed well, it can not only create considerable economic value, but also achieve good social value. It can not only keep the balance of cultural ecology, but also create new categories of cultural works of art, thus enhancing the cultural competitiveness of China in an all-round way. In this respect, national vocal music education has an unshirkable responsibility.
The first is protection. Protecting cultural heritage is the premise of developing and utilizing resources. The cultural heritage of human music is a special resource and an oral intangible cultural heritage of human beings. In the history of music development in China, the music before the Song Dynasty mainly developed in the form of song and dance, and the music after the Song Dynasty mainly developed in the form of drama. Obviously, these are all related to singing. Therefore, in today's cultural industry environment, national vocal music education has the responsibility to protect music cultural resources, which is not sealed or covered. On the contrary, they should be displayed and transmitted by all possible means. Every learner of national vocal music should master a lot of China folk songs and singing skills (even original songs), so that cultural species can be preserved as long as possible, thus preserving the source of the development of China music culture. This may be a difficult problem in national vocal music education, but it is the historical mission and the responsibility of the times!
Some people question how many students can sing the songs of their hometown now. Although this is a very simple phenomenon, it reflects a profound social problem and causes people to reflect. Teacher Jiaxing Xie, a famous music educator, mentioned in the article "Looking for Songs of Hometown —— The Third Modern Concept of Music Education": "If a culture loses its personality, its character and its' soul' from the beginning, it will be a great loss." (China Music Education 200 1 No.65438 +0 1) This should attract the attention of all ethnic music educators. "Music is the soul of culture and the blood of a nation", which melts people's emotions, pours out people's joys and sorrows, reflects the nation's psychology and character, and is a spiritual wealth with a unique national style. Today, we advocate attaching importance to and protecting national folk music, not being closed and conservative, but preserving a beautiful scenery for this colorful world; If music, as the soul of culture, one day "evolves" without personality and national characteristics, the music that brings people infinite joy will become dull; We used to sing the songs of the past only for today's village. If we don't protect the "cultural ecological environment", what will China do in the multicultural world? Teacher Jiaxing Xie suggested that "in order to make every student have the best music quality structure", music education should "learn local music first, then learn national music, and then understand foreign music". Our students are not only the inheritors, performers, appreciators and creators of national music, but also attach importance to the inheritance of national music culture, which has become the development trend of international music education. The International Society of Music Education (ISME) believes that "the richness and diversity of world music bring opportunities for international understanding, cooperation and peace", but the phenomenon that "our music education lacks cultural concepts and our national music concepts have been confused" still exists.
The second is development and utilization. The main competitiveness of cultural industry comes from the rational development and utilization of cultural resources, making them materialize into spiritual products and spread to the world. The so-called "reasonable" development and utilization mainly means prohibiting all destructive development. For the development of folk song art, on the one hand, it is loyal to history and protects the original appearance; On the other hand, develop as comprehensively as possible, so that intangible culture can grow up gradually. On the utilization of folk songs. We mainly use the historical characteristics, cultural charm and national spirit of folk songs-modern drama, opera, dance, movies, TV dramas, TV sketches, national epics and so on. All art communication methods can carry a large number of music and cultural resources. As long as they are used well, they can realize social value while adding value. With its epic charm, hearty narrative structure and exquisite selection of materials, the large-scale modern Lu drama "mending the sky" vividly reproduces 8,000 female soldiers who went to Xinjiang for reclamation in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, dedicating their youth, sweat and tears to the transformation of the northwest wasteland, and promoting the beauty of tolerance, perseverance and harmony. The creation of the modern Lu opera "Mending Heaven" brings together three national first-class screenwriters, famous domestic young directors and a group of outstanding young and middle-aged actors who won the Plum Blossom Award. Artistic performance, beautiful dance, lighting and music creation jointly created one of the top ten plays selected in the national stage art project in 2006, which achieved a historic breakthrough in artistic creation, added the characteristics of the times to the traditional dramatic increase of Lu and shocked the hearts of the audience present. But what about its economic benefits? How well-known is this play among art lovers? Why didn't such an excellent drama produce great artistic and economic effects? Is our play not good enough, or is our awareness of the cultural industry not strong? Comparing the ticket price of the large-scale modern Lu Opera "Patching the Sky" in Shanghai Meiqi Grand Theatre in June 5438+065438+1October 2004 with the ticket price of Shanghai Grand Stage in May 2006, the highest ticket price of Lu Opera "Patching the Sky" is 280 yuan, while the highest ticket price is 980 yuan. The phenomenon of "super girl" should be regarded as an example of the successful operation of the cultural industry, and its enlightenment to us is diverse. Our traditional folk art should be actively protected by means of cultural industry, and contemporary China national vocal music education should also protect, develop and utilize music cultural resources, and make them fully value-added, because only national vocal music education has this function-to cultivate producers of national musical art.
Four. National Vocal Music Education and Cultural Market
In cultural and artistic activities, only when the consumption demand of the cultural market is formed can there be large-scale production of culture and art. The demand of cultural consumption promotes the formation of the market, and the huge consumption market space puts forward new requirements for the development of artistic productivity. With the development of cultural productivity, human beings no longer focus on material resources, but on spiritual resources such as knowledge and intelligence. To some extent, it can break through the restrictions and constraints of material resources, give full play to people's creativity and potential, make people's dominant position generally appear and improve, and enable individuals to consciously pursue individual freedom and self-realization. This is the ultimate consumption demand of human spirit.
National vocal music education should face the market, which may not be a new topic, but it is a new topic. Where is the market? How to face it? Art production actually creates literary works according to the law of beauty, which satisfies the aesthetic needs of art consumers. The satisfaction of this demand forms and improves the aesthetic ability and new aesthetic needs of art consumers, which in turn promotes the development of art production to a higher and more beautiful realm. In this regard, Marx once made an image explanation. He said: "The piano player created music and satisfied our sense of music. Didn't it also produce a sense of music? ..... Piano players stimulate production; Partly because he makes our personality more energetic and vibrant, or in the usual sense, he evokes new needs, and to meet this need, we must make greater efforts to engage in direct material production. " (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 46, p. 264) It can be seen that the influence of cultural productivity on people is far greater than that of material productivity, and it will have an impact on people's psychology, emotions and even physiology.
To cultivate national vocal music talents with modern market consciousness, we should not only make them understand the law of market cycle in theory, but also exercise their specific market operation ability. Cultural industry is a modern industrial department that produces products specifically for mass consumption, and its products are produced as interchangeable products sold in the market from the beginning. Therefore, there are two levels of production relations: one level is the relationship between artistic creators-artists, producers, managers, communicators and critics. Among them, the individual expression or style seeking and grasping of art is dominant. On the other hand, industrial production-including the relationship between cultural and artistic production and consumption, the ownership of artistic means of production and so on. Among them, the fate of culture is closely linked to the fate of capital, and everything should operate according to market rules. Making demand, occupying the market and making profits have become the important direction of cultural and artistic production. In order to cultivate talents with market awareness, national vocal music education should constantly let students observe the market, investigate the market, plan the market, find out the paths and methods to create demand, explore marketing means, calculate the production cost, exercise the market will, and show the elegant demeanor that China national vocal music artists should have in the new era with professional technology, comprehensive ability and brand-new attitude.
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