● Teaching objectives
Knowledge target
1. Understand the extravagance of feudal rulers and the sin of harming the people, and understand the reasons for the self-destruction of the Qin Dynasty.
2. Understand the stylistic features of Du Mu and Fu, and understand the language style of this article.
3. Memorize and understand the classical Chinese words such as "Bi, Nothing, Structure, You, Yi, Yi, Yu, Ju, Zu, Nian, Love", and understand the flexible use of words and classical Chinese sentence patterns.
4. Recite the text and summarize the meaning and usage of function words such as "Yan, Er, Fu".
capability goal
Double and parallel language styles are often used in learning articles and applied to future writing to increase the moral education goal of writing.
Treat the success and progress of life correctly, never be complacent, always maintain a modest attitude and have a certain sense of hardship.
● Teaching focus
1. Sort out the writing background and the content of the article.
2. Learning the language style of the article combined with the characteristics of Fu style is "red-headed document paving".
● Teaching difficulties
1. Learn the writing methods that arouse discussion on the basis of narration.
2. Recite the full text.
● Teaching methods
1. Read aloud (by getting familiar with the text, mobilize the existing knowledge reserve, deepen the understanding of difficult sentences, and constantly cultivate a sense of language)
2. The combination of autonomous learning and teacher guidance. (Students consult reference books, notes and translate texts; Teachers guide students in difficult problems in self-study, such as the interpretation of words, phrases and sentences; The author uses the ancient to satirize the present and expounds the truth of the rise and fall of the world. ) ● Teaching AIDS Prepare tape recorders and text reading tapes; Multimedia projection.
● Class arrangement
2 class hours
● Teaching steps
first kind
[Teaching Essentials] Guide students to clarify the thinking of the article, grasp the content, and master the characteristics of "writing with things" in Fu style. [Teaching process]
First, the lead design Mencius once said: "Those who enjoy the people enjoy themselves; People have their worries, and people have their worries. Happiness is in the world, worry is in the world, not the king, nothing. " Xunzi added, "The monarch can sail while Shu Ren can swim. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. "
These words of wisdom tell the irrefutable truth: a country must be people-oriented if it wants to enrich the people and strengthen the country. The king of Qin did not love the people, and his arrogance and extravagance led to national subjugation, which has been discussed in later works. Du Mu mentioned it again in Epang Palace Fu in Tang Dynasty. Why? In this lesson, let's interpret this poem.
Second, solve the problem.
1. Du Mu (803 ~ 852), a word, was born in Wannian, Tang Jingzhao (now an, Shaanxi). In the second year of Tang Wenzong Daiwa (828), he won a scholar and was awarded the post of Tingxuelang. Later, he served as an assistant to the local military government for many years. In the fourth year of Kaicheng (839), he returned to Chang 'an, where he served as Zuo Bubu, Shangshu of Food Department and Sixun. Two years after Tang Wuzong Huichang (842), he successively served as the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu. Fan Chuan Villa, who lived in the south of Chang 'an in his later years, was later called "Du Fanchuan". Du Mugong combines poetry, fu and ci, among which poetry is the most successful and unique in the late Tang Dynasty. People compare him with Du Fu and call him "Xiao Du". He is as famous as his contemporaries Li Shangyin and is called "Little Du Li". Prose is full of vigor and vitality, full of criticism of current events; The poetic language is beautiful, fresh and magnificent. He is the author of Fan Chuan's Collected Works, and Feng Hao of Qing Dynasty wrote notes for Fan Chuan's poems.
2. Introduction "Fu" and "Fu", as a literary system, originated from Chuci and didn't have a name until Xun Kuang. It appeared in the late Warring States period and was not formed until the Han Dynasty. Regarding the characteristics of Fu, the explanation of Fu in Wen Xin Diao Long says: "The giver transmits it; Buy prose and write something. " Writing ambition with things refers to the content of fu, which means to express emotions by imitating things. "Biography" refers to the use of colorful words in language. In addition, Fu also attached great importance to the beauty of phonology. It combines the prose style and sentence pattern with the rhythm and prosody of poetry, and forms a free, accurate, fluent and stagnant style with the help of long and short sentences, flexible rhymes and two-tone styles, which is not only suitable for the presentation of prose style, but also retains certain poetry.
3. Writing background
Du Mu lived in an era of political corruption and extremely sharp class contradictions. However, Tufan, Nanzhao, and Uighur invaded one after another, which aggravated the people's suffering. The Tang Dynasty was on the eve of collapse. In view of this situation, Du Mu strongly advocated leveling the buffer region in China, strengthening unity, resisting foreign aggression and consolidating national defense. In order to realize these ideals, he hoped that the rulers at that time would try to make Qiang Bing rich, but the fact was just the opposite. Mu Zong Hengli lost his life by indulging in debauchery, and his successor, Jing Zong Li Zhan, was even more dissolute. "Too many games, few friends", "ministers seldom see the moon", "they manage a wide range of palaces and want to set up another temple", and they also order people to "build a palace, a palace in the road" for good luck. In the preface to bosom friend, he clearly said: "Bao Li (the title of Jing Zong-the leader) rose up in the palace and made a wide range of voices, posing as" Epang Palace Fu "."
Third, study the text.
1. Read the notes by yourself and get the main idea of the text straight.
2. Specific study 1 paragraph.
(1) Students read paragraph 1 collectively.
(2) Thinking: What does this paragraph mainly say? How many floors did you write?
Clear: This paragraph mainly describes the grandeur of Epang Palace, which is divided into three layers. The first floor (four sentences in Six Kings Bi) describes the spirit of Qin unification, the scale of Epang Palace and the hardships of building Epang Palace. The second floor (from "covering more than 300 miles" to "I don't know anything") describes the grandeur and grandeur of Epang Palace from panorama to ontology. Among them, the phrase "covering an area of more than 300 miles, isolated from the sun, the moon and the sky" outlines the majestic momentum of Epang Palace, which covers a vast area and is hidden by Lingyun, giving the overall impression that it is wide and high. From "Li Mountain is folded in the north and goes straight to Xianyang" to "I don't know anything, I don't know the height", so I will make a further description on the width and height.
The third floor (from "platform warm sound" to the end of the paragraph) describes the prosperity of song and dance in an exaggerated way, setting off the grandeur and breadth of Epang Palace.
Blackboard Writing: The Magnificent Epang Palace
(3) Students reread or try to recite the text.
3. Study the second paragraph in detail.
(1) Ask a student to read the second paragraph aloud.
(2) Question: What does the second paragraph mainly say? How many layers can the content be divided into?
Qing: The second paragraph describes the beauty treasures in Epang Palace and exposes the luxurious life of the rulers of Qin Dynasty. This paragraph can be divided into three layers. On the first level (from concubines to citizens of Qin), it is pointed out that the geisha who admire Qin Shihuang are the concubines and grandsons of the six countries. At the same time, respond to the "Six Kings Bi, Four Seas are One" to explain the origin of singers and dancers. On the second floor (from "Stars Ying Ying" to "Thirty-six Years of Shame"), six sets of parallelism sentences are used to describe the clothes of ladies-in-waiting, which not only shows their tragic fate, but also reveals the arrogance and extravagance of Qin Shihuang. The third layer (from Zhao Yanji to the end of the paragraph) inherits the prosperity and beauty of songs and dances, and then writes about the richness of treasures. From being bullied by a screenwriter to being trampled by a screenwriter.
Writing on the blackboard: the beauty and treasure of Epang Palace
(3) Students collectively read or try to recite this article.
4. Study the third paragraph in detail.
(1) Students read the third paragraph in groups.
(2) Discuss the content and level of the third paragraph in groups.
Clear organization: This passage turns from description to discussion, indicating the original intention of writing this short article. "Taking it as sediment" is the upper layer, which has dealt a powerful blow to the remnant people of the Qin rulers who pocketed their own money. From "being a pillar of a negative building" to "becoming increasingly arrogant and solid" as the second layer, six sets of figurative sentences are used to reveal the profound disaster brought to the people by the extravagance of the Qin Dynasty, and also to write the anger and hatred suppressed in the people's chest. The last four sentences are on the third floor, in which three historical facts are written: Shout for Garrison is about Chen She and Guangwu Uprising, Hanguguan is about Liu Bang's breaking the customs, and Chu Man is about Xiang Yu's burning Epang Palace. They all show the shameful and sad ending that the seemingly powerful Qin Dynasty quickly collapsed and disappeared in the turbulent waves of the people's uprising, demonstrating the great power of the people.
Writing on the blackboard: from description to discussion
(3) Students read the text twice and try to recite it.
5. Study the fourth paragraph in detail.
(1) Teacher Fan Bei's fourth paragraph.
(2) Question: What role does the word "alas" at the beginning of a paragraph play and how does it express the author's feelings? What is the truth of the last four sentences of "alas"?
Clear: the word "alas" dominates the whole paragraph, which shows the author's deep feelings for historical lessons, strengthens the emotional color, and plays the role of convincing people with reason and emotion. "alas!" The last four sentences put forward arguments to clarify the reasons for taking it.
(3) Question: What do you want to explain with the hypothetical tone after "your husband"?
Clarity: after "loving your husband", state the argument in a hypothetical tone, pointing out that loving the people is closely related to long-term stability.
(4) Question: "Qin people can't help feeling sorry for themselves, but what about the later people? (1) mourning; Offspring? (2) Crying without warning also makes future generations? (3) and mourn for future generations? What do the four "descendants" in the sentence "Ye" mean? What does this sentence mean?
Clear: ① ② ④ refers to the people after Qin Dynasty, including the author's rulers in the Tang Dynasty at that time, ③ refers to the people (rulers) after the Tang Dynasty. This sentence reminds the rulers of the Tang Dynasty not to repeat the mistakes of the Qin Dynasty.
(5) Question: What does the author think is the reason for the demise of the Six Kingdoms and the Qin Dynasty? Please summarize this paragraph in one sentence.
Clear: the reason is people who don't love themselves; The joke means to summarize the historical lessons of the Six Kingdoms and the demise of the Qin Dynasty, and to warn contemporary rulers.
Writing on the blackboard: summing up lessons, abstaining from extravagance and loving the people
Fourth, appreciate the wonderful structure of the article.
1. Question: According to the content, how many parts can the article be divided into? How are they organically linked? What is the relationship between them (combined with the characteristics of "Fu")?
After thinking, it is clear that the article can be divided into two parts (1 and 2 paragraphs are the first part; The third and fourth paragraphs are the second part). The first part is narration, and the second part is discussion. "Fu" is characterized by "writing with things", that is, telling things and expressing feelings.
So the relationship between the two parts is the relationship between paving things and writing records. Paving things is the basis of writing records, and writing records is the purpose of paving things.
2. Discussion: Can paragraphs 3 and 4 of the article be reversed? Why?
Clear: You cannot switch between two paragraphs. The emotion in the third paragraph comes from the comparison between the luxury of the palace and the poverty of the people in the first 1 and the second paragraph. The discussion in the fourth paragraph penetrated the superficial phenomenon of feudal dynasty change, forcibly oppressed the people and plundered the political essence of the people. The "vision" is far-reaching, linking the "historical facts" of a thousand years ago with the "reality" of a thousand years later to form a law.
3. From the above analysis, what are the characteristics of the structure of this article?
After thinking, the students made it clear that the structure of the article is very rigorous and ingenious. First, write the ostentation and extravagance architecture of Epang Palace, with beautiful women like clouds, which implies the dissolute luxury of the rulers of Qin Dynasty and their future. Then write about the profound disaster that Qin's extravagance brought to the people. "Everyone in the world dares to speak but be angry" reveals that the volcano is about to erupt. Finally, I wrote that Qin did not take the six countries as a mirror, and finally took the consequences; So, what would happen if the rulers at that time did not accept the commandments of Qin and Wei? Interlocking, it can be said that "the pen has not been swallowed"!
Verb (abbreviation of verb) course summary
In this lesson, we sorted out the ideas of the article together, grasped the main idea of the article, and made it convenient for everyone to recite it quickly. In addition, while learning the content, we should also learn the noble feelings of an upright scholar in feudal times who cares about the country, the people and the world.
Distribution of intransitive verbs
Read aloud emotionally until you have recited the whole text.
Second lesson
[teaching points]
Through repeated reading or training, we can further understand the language characteristics of "Fu" and improve it.
Students' language expression ability.
[Teaching process]
First, check the recitation (spot check 2 ~ 3 students)
Second, the introduction of new courses.
The famous Epang Palace Fu has always been admired by people. "To Du Mu's" Epang Palace Fu "is well known from ancient times to modern times" (Yuan Dynasty Zhu Yao's "Gu Fu Bian Ti"); Ancient gift, this is the first one. The article is not only rigorous and ingenious in structure, but also gorgeous in language. In this beautiful language, there are pavilions piled with red flowers, sighs of the people, sobs of ladies-in-waiting, rebukes of the emperor and shouts of guards. In this class, let's enjoy this beautiful language together!
Third, appreciate the language of the article.
1. Students read the text carefully, find out what they think is good and draw it.
2. Teachers and students combine the linguistic features of "Fu" to analyze the sentences drawn by students.
(1) An analysis of the sentence "Six kings finish their work, the four seas are one, the mountains of Shu are upright, and the Arab side comes out".
Clear: this sentence is good for the following two points. First, it only takes six words to summarize the history from Qin Shihuang's unification of the world, that is, "the strong country should surrender and the weak country should enter the DPRK" to "the Chu people were razed to the ground". It fully embodies the leaping characteristics of "Fu", which is neither poetry nor prose, but poetry and prose. Second,
/article/epang palace teaching plan. Htm "Wu" and "Chu" leave readers a broad imagination space. You can imagine the difficulty of transporting giant trees on the Shu road, which is "it is difficult to go to the sky"; You can imagine how magnificent Epang Palace is and how arrogant Qin Shihuang is. As you can imagine, the construction of Epang Palace, more than 300 miles, drained the blood and sweat of many people and destroyed many lives.
(2) Analysis of "Long Bridge Lying on the Wave, What's the matter with dragons without clouds?" ? I don't care about Eric after the road is empty.
Clarity: The author describes the bridge as a dragon and the road as a rainbow by metaphor, and describes their tall shapes and gorgeous colors respectively. It expresses the impression of architecture from the amazing tone, and paints a strong lyrical color to the objective description.
(3) Analysis: "The starlight shines, and the cosmetic mirror is also open; Lv Yun came forward and combed Xiao Huan; Nutrient flow is greasy, and fat water is abandoned; The smoke is oblique and foggy, and the pepper is also burning. "
Clear: This passage is well known. The author uses metaphors such as "Stars, Lv Yun, Rising Tired, Fog Crossing", and indirectly writes the number of beautiful women and Qin Shihuang's arrogance and extravagance with parallelism and exaggeration.
(4) "Taste" makes the pillars of negative buildings more than the farmers of nanmu; There are more rafters on the beam than working women on the plane; The phosphorus in onion is more than that in millet. The joints of ceramic tiles are uneven, more than the whole body silk; There are more vertical columns and cross sills than nine battlements; The orchestral string is dumb, and it is more than a city person. "
Clear: The word "yes" shows the criminal evidence that the rulers of the Qin Dynasty built their luxury and enjoyment on the miserable life of the people. A series of parallelism composed of accurate metaphors, before and after contrast, exaggerated to the extreme, vividly showing the "Qin" and "people" and the exploiters and the exploited, wonderful, wonderful!
(5) Taste the sentence "Calling for a pawn, raising trust in the valley, burning the people, miserable".
Clarity: This sentence concisely summarizes the whole story of the war and the process of the demise of the Qin Dynasty, which contains endless feelings and opens the following discussion.
According to the above analysis of the text language, which writing method do you think is used the most? Which figure of speech is used more? From the full text, what are the characteristics of sentence patterns?
Clarity: one of the most commonly used writing methods is exaggeration; Metaphor, antithesis and parallelism are commonly used rhetorical devices. From the full text, four sentences are commonly used, and the sentence patterns are integrated and scattered.
4. Summarize the linguistic features of Afanggong Fu in concise language.
Clear: gorgeous language.
Fourth, classroom exercises.
Show me the projection:
Imitate sentences to make them closely related to the context and coherent in meaning.
Life is like a desert trek, which requires perseverance and courage; ________,________,________。 Life is creation, which requires hard work, wisdom and overcoming difficulties. ________,________。 Let us always be strong in the test of life.
Reference answer:
Life is like swimming in a river, which requires extraordinary courage and courage. Life is a battle, which requires sweat, blood and fearlessness in times of crisis.
Fifth, inquiry reading.
1. Compare the differences between Epang Palace Fu and Historical Records about Epang Palace.
Show multimedia projection:
In the thirty-fifth year (2 12 BC), the first emperor thought that there were many people in Xianyang, but the former king's court was small. I heard that Zhou Wenwang is very rich. Military kings are all pickaxes, and so is the capital of the emperor. Naiying is a palace in Weinan Forest Garden. Make a front hall and a room first, 500 steps from east to west and 50 feet from north to south. Ten thousand people can sit on the floor, and a 50-foot-high flag can be built on the floor. Zhou Chi is Tinglu, from your highness to Nanshan. The peak of Nanshan is considered to be missing. For the loop, I crossed the Wei River from Afang, which belongs to Xianyang, and arrived at the camp room like Tianting Pavilion Road. Epang Palace was not completed; Cheng, choose your name more. Epang Palace, so the world calls it Epang Palace. There are more than 700,000 prisoners in the Hidden Palace, either Epang Palace or Mount Li.
(Selected from Historical Records of Qin Shihuang)
(1) Question: What are their differences about Epang Palace?
Clear: there are three differences: first, the reasons for building the palace are different; Second, the time of building the palace is different; Third, palaces are different in size.
(2) What does the difference mean?
Clear: Historical Records focuses on historical description; Epanggong Fu pays attention to the imagination and exaggeration of literature and art, and tries its best to lay out the function of Fu.
2. Reread "On Qin" and make a comparison with this article's discussion on the death of Qin. What's the difference between their arguments?
Clarity: Regarding the discussion of the demise of the Qin Dynasty, this article is similar to On the Qin Dynasty: both affirmed the strength of the Qin Dynasty, both emphasized that the demise of the Qin Dynasty was its own demise, and both explained that the reason for the demise of the Qin Dynasty was that it did not implement "benevolent government." Their arguments are from different angles. "On Qin" explains the truth that "benevolence and righteousness are not applied, and the offensive and defensive potentials are different" from the perspective of successive comparison; "Epanggong Fu" points out the reasons for the demise of Qin from the perspective of "Qin loves luxury". On Guo Qin reflects the demise of Qin with the prosperity of Qin, and Fu on Epang Palace describes Epang Palace in a "fable" way, indicating the inevitability of Qin's demise. As a political paper, Guo Qin Lun focuses on empirical reasoning. Epanggong Fu is an essay that satirizes reality.
Sixth, the class summary
In this lesson, we appreciate the gorgeous language of Epang Palace Fu. I hope that students will read and chew repeatedly after class and imitate them. Only in this way can the article be expected to add China.
Seven. distribute
Write a short essay of not less than 500 words, and try to use antithetical sentences and parallel sentences.
Supplement: It is best to analyze the artistic characteristics of this article and systematically sort out and summarize the real words and function words appearing in this article.