Environmental engineering graduation thesis 5000 words 1 Talking about the technical methods in environmental engineering.
Abstract: As a modern urban construction project, environmental engineering not only has a very important impact on the urban environment, but also concerns the health of urban residents. Therefore, in the process of urban environmental engineering construction, relevant departments should strengthen the selection and research of process methods.
Keywords: environmental engineering technology; Engineering law; Analogy; Symmetry method; applied analysis
With the development of China's economy, the urban environment in China has also improved significantly. In this case, the quality and scale of environmental engineering have changed. Therefore, in order to better realize the management of environmental engineering, relevant departments should strengthen the research on environmental engineering technology and methods, so as to better realize the optimization of environmental engineering at this stage. In the following, the author will analyze this problem in combination with several common construction technologies and technologies of environmental engineering at this stage.
1 practical application and analysis of value engineering method
At present, in the process of environmental engineering construction, as a very important common engineering technology, value engineering has a very important impact on the quality and effect of environmental engineering construction. In particular, it plays a very important role in realizing the economic benefits of environmental engineering and the expression of product design forms of related environmental engineering. Generally speaking, these functions can be summarized as follows:
1. 1 The value engineering method in environmental engineering can effectively avoid the problem of excess function in engineering. In other words, in the process of modern environmental engineering construction, relevant departments can achieve effective evaluation of environmental engineering through comparative analysis of engineering value. Therefore, relevant departments can optimize and delete various functions of environmental engineering through the method of value engineering, so as to control environmental engineering reasonably to the maximum extent, which is helpful to display and realize the value of environmental engineering.
1.2 the value engineering method of environmental engineering can effectively avoid the phenomenon of value shortage, that is to say, in the process of value analysis of environmental engineering, the overall cost of the project can be controlled according to the actual situation of the existing project, which can effectively balance the cost of the project and avoid the cost increase caused by unnecessary functional expenditure, because the complexity of environmental engineering determines the possible conflict between various functions. Therefore, the use of value engineering method can effectively avoid this problem.
Practical application and analysis of analogy method
The so-called analogy method refers to the classification of various implementation schemes of existing environmental engineering in the process of environmental engineering, that is to say, the premise and method of quality inspection of various environmental engineering with the same points are analyzed, so as to better realize the judgment of various specific projects of environmental engineering. Generally speaking, the application of analogy in environmental engineering in China is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
2. 1 analogy of waste gas/waste water treatment process in environmental engineering refers to analogy of waste water and waste gas in various projects during the development of environmental engineering, that is to say, components and treatment methods should be strictly controlled. Generally speaking, it is mainly reflected in the following aspects: ① membrane separation technology analysis: that is, in the process of treating the existing environmental engineering wastewater and waste gas, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the existing membrane separation technology, not only for seawater desalination, but also for strict use of wastewater desalination and other technologies. The biggest feature of this method is that it can save energy, realize effective environmental protection in the construction process and effectively control various phase change reactions. ② Analysis of adsorption technology: in the management and control process of existing environmental engineering, some specific fluids and solids are separated by analogy, that is, in the process of engineering, the environment can be effectively treated according to specific environmental needs. This method is widely used in oil industry wastewater treatment and related air pollution treatment, because in the operation process of this environmental engineering, related equipment with high separation degree will be used.
2.2 Application of analogy method in environmental engineering waste prediction:
In environmental engineering, we often encounter the problem of domestic waste treatment, because the impact of urban domestic waste on the environment can not be ignored, and because the amount of urban domestic waste is very large, if we can make a comprehensive prediction of domestic waste, we can design relevant treatment plans in advance. Generally speaking, when using analogy method to predict the garbage in existing environmental projects, we should pay attention to the following aspects: ① Selection of analogy index: that is, choose a suitable environmental engineering comparison scheme to compare and analyze the existing factors of urban domestic garbage, so as to better analyze the regional garbage generation problems in this area. ② Selection of analogy cities: In the process of urban waste prediction and analysis, we should pay attention to selecting some cities with typical reference data as analogy objects and reference objects. (3) Implementation of analogy method: reasonably study and analyze the change and development law of daily average output of municipal solid waste, and then make effective prediction.
Analysis on the application of symmetry method in environmental engineering
Symmetry method can be said to be the most basic method to study environmental engineering technology. It can find the similarity between similar things according to the basic attributes, properties and structural movement characteristics of objective things and the one-to-one correspondence between the internal components of things. From its application in environmental engineering technology, the application of symmetry method can be divided into internal symmetry and external symmetry, which are summarized as follows.
3. 1 application analysis of internal symmetry method in environmental engineering: with the support of current technical conditions, the application value of internal symmetry method in environmental engineering is mainly reflected in the following aspects: ① oxidation-reduction reaction. We can use the reducing characteristics of reductant to treat solid waste and purify all kinds of waste gas and wastewater produced in urban industrial construction. At the same time, the above-mentioned related treatment purposes can be achieved by virtue of the oxidation characteristics of the oxidant itself, so as to reduce the environmental pressure; Secondly, there are floating and precipitation reactions.
As we know, most impurities in wastewater have significant differences in density distribution and size parameters. For those impurities with higher density and larger size than water, we can remove them by gravity sedimentation, while for those impurities with lower density and smaller size than water, we can use the floating reaction of impurities themselves to achieve the purpose of removing impurities. At present, the floating treatment process is widely used in the treatment of catering wastewater and the concentration of sludge raw materials, while the sedimentation treatment process is mostly suitable for the treatment of industrial and domestic sewage/wastewater; ③ Finally, aerobic and anaerobic reactions. The different reaction characteristics of aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms determine their different application values in environmental engineering. For aerobic microorganisms, they play a treatment role under the condition of sufficient oxygen content, and remove a large number of organic pollutants in wastewater/sewage under the synergistic effect of oxidative decomposition and precipitation treatment.
3.2 Application analysis of external symmetry method in environmental engineering: With the support of current technical conditions, the application value of external symmetry method in environmental engineering is mainly reflected in the following aspects: ① Cyclone dust collector and grit chamber device: objects will produce certain centrifugal force in the process of high-speed rotation, which will lead to the separation of gas and solid phases. The above two devices are applied based on the symmetry characteristics of fluid mechanics, and the dust removal effect is remarkable; ② Biological method: At present, the treatment of urban industrial wastewater and domestic sewage mostly adopts biological method, and the corresponding desulfurization and denitrification technology is adopted to ensure the stability of environmental engineering quality.
4 conclusion
To sum up, environmental engineering is not only related to the development and construction of the city, but also has a very important impact on the health of urban residents and the positioning and planning of the city. The core of environmental engineering is to prevent and control environmental pollution and improve environmental quality. With the development of human activities, the research on environmental pollution is increasing, which requires environmental engineering to control and improve it. How to give full play to the related functions of environmental engineering and ensure the efficiency and stability of environmental quality improvement has become one of the most urgent problems for relevant staff at this stage.
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Graduation thesis of environmental engineering 5000 words 2 On building construction and environmental protection
With the progress of science and technology and the development of social productive forces, the process of human civilization has achieved unprecedented development, but at the same time, human society is also facing a series of major environmental and development problems. Population explosion, excessive consumption of resources, climate variation, environmental pollution and ecological destruction threaten human survival and development. Facing the grim reality, people gradually realize that human beings are part of the natural system and closely related to the environment. In the process of building construction, we must give priority to the ecological environment and put it in the same important position as the economy and society in order to achieve social prosperity.
Keywords: environmental protection measures for building construction
Modern architecture is a kind of building that relies too much on limited energy. For those buildings that use a lot of artificial lighting and mechanical air conditioning, energy is life, and buildings with high energy consumption and low efficiency are not only an important factor leading to energy shortage, but also the chief culprit of air pollution. In order to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources, environmental protection buildings advocate adjusting or changing the current design concepts and methods, transforming buildings from high energy consumption to low energy consumption, relying on energy-saving technologies, improving energy efficiency and developing new energy sources, so that buildings can gradually get rid of excessive dependence on traditional energy sources and achieve self-sufficiency in energy use to a certain extent.
1 technical organization measures for building construction
1. 1 plane management
General layout management is aimed at the supervision of the whole construction site, and its ultimate requirement is to plan and manage in strict accordance with the construction layout of each construction stage, which is embodied in:
(1) The construction plane planning is scientific and convenient, and the construction site is managed in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of civilized construction.
(2) Set up signs such as project overview, construction progress plan, construction site plan, on-site management system and fire safety and security system in obvious places.
(3) The setting of power supply, water supply and drainage system strictly follows the layout.
(4) All material yards and small institutions are arranged according to the requirements of the floor plan. If there are any adjustments, the consent of the site supervisor or the owner will be obtained.
⑤ While doing a good job in general layout management, always check the implementation, adhere to a reasonable construction sequence, do not disrupt the battle, and strive to balance production.
1.2 civilized construction management
1.2. 1 During the construction of the intersection where pedestrians and vehicles are crowded, negotiate with the local traffic police department to make a traffic map and do a good job in publicity and traffic guidance. Traffic guidance distance is generally not less than 50m. Close the traffic construction section, leaving special vehicles and units to pass along the vehicle passage and pedestrian passage.
1.2.2 If the construction brings inconvenience to residents along the street, set up safety access roads and temporary bridges; Protective devices, warning signs and night warning lights shall be set for ditches, wells, troughs and pits generated during construction. In case of bad weather, there should be a special person on duty to ensure the safety of pedestrians and vehicles.
1.2.3 Detailed disclosure shall be made to the construction team before underground excavation. In the process of construction, contact the pipeline property right unit in advance and ask the pipeline property right unit to send special personnel to supervise the construction at the construction site. And take effective measures to ensure the safety of underground pipelines and underground facilities.
If water, electricity, gas and traffic need to be stopped due to construction, corresponding measures shall be taken, and units and residents along the line shall be informed in advance to reduce the impact and losses.
2 housing construction environmental protection measures
In order to protect and improve the living environment of the construction site, prevent the operation pollution caused by the construction, and ensure that the construction site has a good living environment during the construction process, it is very important. Conscientiously do a good job in environmental protection on the construction site, mainly taking the following measures:
2. 1 Technical measures to control construction waste and dust.
(1) Harden and afforest the construction site, and sprinkle water frequently to reduce dust pollution.
(2) When loading and unloading dusty materials, they should be wetted with water or carried out in the warehouse.
(3) Scaffolding outside the building is fully enclosed to prevent dust leakage.
(4) It is forbidden to throw garbage outside the building, and all the garbage is bagged and shipped out. There is a car washing platform outside the main entrance and exit of the construction site, and the transport vehicles must be washed before they can leave the construction site and drive on the road; For vehicles transporting building materials, earthwork, construction waste and engineering muck, assign special personnel to be responsible for cleaning, so as to ensure that the road and environment will not be polluted during driving.
⑤ Strictly implement the regulations on the management of transport vehicles where the project is located.
2.2 Technical measures for noise control
① Low noise technology and construction method are adopted in the construction.
(2) Establish a regular noise monitoring system. If noise exceeds the standard, immediately find out the reason and make timely rectification.
(3) When the construction noise may exceed the noise limit of the construction site, it shall be reported to the construction administrative department and the environmental protection department before the start of construction, and the construction can only be started after approval.
(4) Adjust the operation time. Noisy processes such as concrete mixing and pouring are prohibited from working at night.
2.3 Prevention and control measures of vibration pollution during construction
(1) In the alternative construction scheme, try to choose the construction technology and construction machinery with small vibration.
(2) The mechanical equipment with large vibration shall be arranged far away from the construction red line to reduce the impact on the vibration outside the construction red line.
(3) For construction machinery with large vibration, stop operation at noon (12 ~ 14) and at night (20: 00 ~ 7: 00 the next day) to avoid affecting the rest of nearby residents.
2.4 Water pollution (waste water) prevention and control measures during the construction period
(1) Strengthen the maintenance of construction machinery to prevent the oil used by machinery from leaking into groundwater or municipal sewers.
(2) Centralized treatment of domestic sewage and domestic garbage (especially feces) in the concentrated residential area of construction workers, prevention and control of water pollution, and septic tanks in toilets. (3) When washing aggregate or operation water containing sediment, filter sedimentation tank treatment or other measures should be taken to make the sediment not exceed the amount of sediment discharged into rivers and lakes with water before construction.
2.5 Prevention and control measures of solid waste during construction period
(1) Pay attention to environmental sanitation. The domestic garbage in the land for construction projects shall be dumped to the designated dumping point in the fence, and shall not be piled up outside the fence or dumped at will, and finally handed over to the environmental protection department for centralized treatment.
(2) During the construction period, solid wastes shall be classified and piled up at fixed points, and treated by classification.
(3) Steel, wood, plastic and other solid wastes abandoned during construction should be recycled.
(4) It is forbidden to use hazardous waste as earthwork backfill.
2.6 Environmental protection around the construction site
Actively protect the environment around the site during construction. In the whole construction process of this project, especially in the earthwork construction stage, the vehicles entering and leaving the site shall be washed to prevent road surface pollution. During the construction, if there are ancient trees and cultural relics that hinder the construction, the construction should be stopped immediately and isolation measures should be taken, and the construction should be resumed after being reported to the relevant units for treatment.
2.7 Other environmental protection measures
(1) set up an environmental protection management team headed by the project manager and composed of professional backbones to do a good job in daily environmental management and establish environmental management information.
(2) Establish and improve environmental management laws and regulations, and the construction organization design should have corresponding environmental protection contents.
(3) Underground pipelines should be properly protected, and unknown pipelines should be proved in advance, and barbaric construction is not allowed. If cultural relics are found in the construction, they should be stopped in time, and effective sealing protection measures should be taken and reported to the owner for treatment in time. No one may hide them or own them privately.
(4) set up a public complaint telephone number and take the initiative to accept the supervision of the masses.
⑤ During the construction period, soil erosion should be prevented, waste rocks should be handled well, and overall planning, rational layout, comprehensive management and turning harm into benefit should be achieved.
3 the significance of environmental protection in building construction
3. 1 Protecting and improving the built environment is the need to ensure people's health and social civilization.
Taking special measures to prevent dust, noise and water pollution and protect the workplace and its surrounding environment is an important task to ensure the health of employees and related personnel and reflect the overall civilization of society.
3.2 Protecting and improving the construction site environment is the need to eliminate external interference and ensure the smooth progress of construction.
With the enhancement of people's awareness of legal system and self-protection, especially in cities, the problem of disturbing people by construction is prominent. Taking preventive measures in time to reduce environmental pollution and interference to citizens is also the basic condition for the smooth progress of construction and production.
3.3 Protecting and improving the construction environment is an objective requirement of modern mass production.
Modern architecture widely adopts new equipment, new technology and new production technology, which requires high environmental quality. If the dust and vibration exceed the standard, it may damage the equipment, affect its function and make it difficult for the equipment to play its role.
3.4 The need to save energy, protect human living environment and ensure the sustainable development of society and enterprises.
Human society is about to face the challenges of environmental pollution and energy crisis. In order to protect the environmental conditions on which future generations depend, every citizen and enterprise has the responsibility and obligation to protect the environment. Good environment and living conditions are also the foundation and motivation of enterprise development.
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