The first stage: the object level. Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan's "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" was reflected in the Westernization Movement. The failure of the Sino-Japanese War in 1894-1895 showed that it was not successful.

The second stage: system level. Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others studied the western constitutional monarchy. The bloodiness of "six gentlemen defending the country" shows that the first thing to learn western institutional culture is to overthrow the Qing government. Sun Yat-sen's Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Manchu Dynasty and promoted democracy and harmony, but Yuan Shikai stole the fruit.

The third stage: cultural level. He advocated inviting "Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai" and initiated the May 4th New Culture Movement. But western culture has two sides: certainty-modernity and industrialized civilization; Passivity-the image of power, hegemony and aggression (economic crisis and world war are frightening).

Marxism originated in the west and is the ideological product of modern industrial civilization in the west. At the same time, it exposes and criticizes the contradictions, crises and evils of western capitalism. It is in line with the ambivalence of China people to learn from western civilization and prevent all kinds of evils caused by western capitalism.