1, Kyoto Protocol: The objective of this convention is to limit the greenhouse gas emissions of industrialized countries in order to cope with global climate change. However, because the United States took the lead in withdrawing from the Kyoto Protocol without the approval of Congress, the European Union and Japan had an impact on its gross domestic product, and this convention was difficult to implement, which was greatly restricted in practice, and also caused widespread controversy over the responsibilities and obligations of global climate governance.
2. Montreal Protocol: Although it has achieved remarkable success in restricting the use of substances that may cause ozone layer rupture, it does not involve the restriction of greenhouse gases. Therefore, it does not directly solve the problem of global climate change, so there are obvious defects in the comprehensiveness of global climate governance.
3. Paris Agreement: This agreement sets the goal of achieving carbon neutrality in industrialized countries by 2050, and requires countries to formulate and publish emission reduction plans. However, due to the lack of effective implementation and supervision mechanism and the differences in specific emission reduction targets among countries, the agreement also faces many challenges and frictions in the implementation process.
Methods of global climate governance:
1. Formulating international conventions: Formulating international conventions is one of the important means of global climate governance. International conventions usually stipulate the rights and obligations of countries in global climate governance, and define the objectives and principles of global climate governance. The formulation and implementation of international conventions can promote cooperation and coordination among countries in global climate governance.
2. Establishing international organizations: Establishing international organizations is also one of the important means of global climate governance. International organizations are usually responsible for coordinating the actions of countries in global climate governance and providing technical support and financial assistance to promote the global climate governance process. For example, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is one of the most important international organizations in the field of global climate governance.
3. Promoting transnational cooperation: Promoting transnational cooperation is also one of the important means of global climate governance. Transnational cooperation can promote mutual support and cooperation among countries in global climate governance, strengthen technological innovation and resource sharing, and meet the challenges brought by climate change.
4. Strengthening domestic policies: Strengthening domestic policies is also one of the important means of global climate governance. Governments can strengthen domestic climate governance by formulating relevant laws and regulations, promoting the development of clean energy and strengthening environmental protection, thus contributing to global climate governance.
5. Raising public awareness: Raising public awareness is also one of the important means of global climate governance. Through publicity, education and public welfare activities, the public's awareness and understanding of climate change will be enhanced, and the public's concern and support for global climate governance will be enhanced, thus promoting the continuous development of global climate governance.