June 20, 2065 438+00
As the largest battery producer and consumer in the world, China has produced1800 million batteries every year, mainly including dry batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, zinc-mercury batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, silver oxide batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium-ion batteries, accounting for 30% of the world's total output. 200 1, consuming 8 billion batteries, accounting for 400,000 tons. You can imagine how polluted it is. So many batteries are discharged into the environment, which directly affects the environment and indirectly affects people's health through various channels. Therefore, the recycling of waste batteries is imperative.
Keywords: overview, recycling, investigation
I. Overview of batteries
With the development of science and technology, social economy and the continuous improvement of people's material living standards, people's demand for energy is increasing, so the use of batteries is increasing, and the output of batteries in the world is increasing at a rate of 20% every year. According to statistics, in 20001year, the total output of all kinds of batteries in China reached1800 million, which soared to 26.2 billion in 2003. Most of them were low-grade mercury batteries except for a few high-grade mercury-free batteries exported to developed countries. The variety structure of batteries has also developed to more than 250 varieties of 14 series, forming a relatively complete battery industry system. But at the same time, a large number of waste batteries are also flowing into the environment through various channels, causing serious pollution to the environment and inevitably affecting people's health through direct or indirect channels. In the tenth five-year plan of national environmental protection, it is specifically mentioned to establish a recycling system for used batteries. In 2003, five ministries and commissions issued the Technical Policy for the Prevention and Control of Waste Battery Pollution. This shows the urgency of dealing with the problem of waste batteries in China.
There are many kinds of batteries, which can be divided into two categories: civil batteries and industrial batteries according to their uses. At present, industrial batteries are mainly lead-acid batteries, and the main pollutants are lead and sulfuric acid. Civil batteries can be divided into disposable batteries and rechargeable batteries according to whether they can be recharged. Disposable batteries mainly include zinc-manganese battery, zinc-mercury battery, zinc-silver battery and lithium battery, among which the most important disposable battery is zinc-manganese battery. In 2003, the output of zinc-manganese batteries in China was 24.6 billion, accounting for more than 90% of the total battery output. Besides mercury, its waste also contains heavy metals, such as zinc, manganese and copper. Nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium batteries are widely used for rechargeable batteries. Cadmium in nickel-cadmium battery is a heavy metal element strictly controlled by environmental protection department. Organic electrolyte in lithium batteries, alkali in nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries, and heavy metals such as copper, which are auxiliary materials for manufacturing batteries, will cause serious pollution to the environment.
(I) Development trend of batteries at home and abroad
Lenovo Group and Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences joined forces to form Suzhou Xingheng Power Supply Co., Ltd., and adopted the technical achievements of lithium-ion power supply of Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences to set up a lithium-ion power battery production base in Suzhou. In addition, with the support of Hunan Jingxin Technology Co., Ltd., Central South University industrialized the pilot technology of lithium-ion power battery developed by it. In addition, in order to promote the development of photovoltaic technology and its industry in China, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology have formulated a plan for the development and utilization of solar energy resources in the next five years, and the national "Bright Project" will raise10 billion yuan for the application of solar photovoltaic power generation technology. The main advantages of thermal photovoltaic system are high efficiency, low noise, portability, high reliability, high volume specific power, and the combination of thermal energy utilization and power generation.
Recently, officials from the US Department of Energy and Japan's Ministry of Economic Relations and Trade signed an agreement to jointly develop hydrogen fuel cells. Hydrogen fuel cell directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy by electrochemical method, and does not need thermal energy conversion process. It has the advantages of cleanness, high efficiency and flexibility. If the hydrogen fuel cell can be successfully developed, it will make people no longer rely on oil and coal, so it can reduce pollution. At present, many research units and enterprises in Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries are engaged in the research of small fuel cells to provide stable power supply for mobile phones and notebook computers. In addition, many manufacturers and research institutes are developing fuel cells for electric vehicles, and some research institutes are engaged in the research of magnesium fuel cells.
(B) the pollution and harm of waste batteries
With the increasing production and usage of batteries, the application of batteries has been extended to all aspects of our life and work. According to the survey, in 200 1 year, the battery consumption in China reached 8 billion knots. So many waste batteries are produced every year, and if they are not handled properly, the pollution to the environment and the harm to human beings will become a problem that cannot be ignored.
It can be seen from the chemical composition of the battery that the battery contains a variety of heavy metals, acids, alkalis and other substances. The harm of batteries is mainly concentrated on a small amount of heavy metals, such as lead, mercury and cadmium. These toxic substances enter the human body through various channels, and it is difficult to excrete them for a long time, which will damage the nervous system, hematopoietic function and bones, and even cause cancer. After long-term mechanical wear and corrosion, waste batteries make heavy metals, acids, alkalis and other substances seep out, enter the soil and water sources, and then enter the human food chain through various channels. When the heavy metals entering the water body are absorbed by aquatic organisms and amplified by the food chain, they accumulate thousands of times in the organisms and then enter the human body through food, causing chronic poisoning of some organs. For example, the "village collective madness" in Japan 40 years ago was caused by battery pollution. Because zinc, cadmium, manganese dioxide and other components in waste batteries are buried underground for a long time, they will react with chemicals in the soil, generate zinc manganate and infiltrate into the ground, polluting the drinking water in this area and causing cumulative poisoning of surrounding residents. According to expert tests, a small button cell can pollute 600,000 liters of water, which is equivalent to a person's drinking water for a lifetime; One battery is rotten in the ground, and its disintegration can make 1 square meter of land lose its use value, while China consumes 400 thousand button cell every year; In 2002, the output of dry batteries in China reached nearly 654.38+0.6 billion knots. How much water and land do we have for its pollution? Therefore, it is urgent to treat waste batteries without pollution.
Second, the recycling of used batteries.
(1) Status of battery recycling at home and abroad.
As the largest battery producer and consumer in the world, China has produced1800 million batteries every year, mainly including dry batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, zinc-mercury batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, silver oxide batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium-ion batteries, accounting for 30% of the world's total output. 200 1, consuming 8 billion batteries, accounting for 400,000 tons. You can imagine how polluted it is. So many batteries are discharged into the environment, which directly affects the environment and indirectly affects people's health through various channels. Therefore, the recycling of waste batteries is imperative.
Now or never-fierce confrontation in battery industry
There are two schools of thought on battery recycling in China.
One school thinks that centralized recycling of disposable batteries is of little significance, and centralized recycling without conditional treatment will cause centralized pollution. Some experts believe that the main components of dry batteries with the largest recycling amount are iron, zinc, manganese and trace mercury. This kind of battery does not contain much mercury, so there is no need to recycle it centrally. Lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries that are extremely harmful to human health should be recycled. The mercury content in high mercury battery is only one thousandth of the total battery. With the landfill, the amount of heavy metals in the batteries entering the landfill is very small, which does not constitute pollution. However, the cost of recycling used batteries is too high, which is unprofitable from the economic point of view, not to mention the possibility of secondary pollution in the recycling process.
The person in charge of China Battery Association said that at present, China's disposable dry batteries have basically achieved low mercury content and are moving towards mercury-free, and will not pose a threat to the environment with the decentralized treatment of garbage. What should be done is to eliminate pollution from the production faucet, that is, to realize mercury-free recycling. Because of the high cost of recycling primary batteries, it is very difficult to stimulate enterprises to recycle disposable batteries without economic leverage. What needs to be recycled are rechargeable batteries and lead-acid batteries that pollute the environment. Some experts also cited examples that some developed countries do not concentrate on recycling disposable batteries at present.
The relevant person in charge of the environmental protection department believes that since mercury-free is to be achieved, the recycling of disposable batteries is not supported or opposed. This view seems to be a meaningful mockery of the great enthusiasm of Chinese people for recycling batteries at present.
Another view is that no matter what kind of battery, we must insist on recycling.
Experts in this school believe that although nine ministries and commissions, including China National Light Industry Federation and State Economic and Trade Commission, jointly issued 1997 "Regulations on Limiting the Mercury Content of Batteries", battery manufacturers are required to gradually reduce the mercury content of batteries, reaching a low mercury level in 2002 and mercury-free in 2005. However, the current situation in China is that most domestic batteries are disposable batteries, and the mercury-free process of batteries is not optimistic. According to the survey, among more than 0/000 battery manufacturers in China, only more than 300 are registered with China Battery Association. Although the batteries produced by large battery enterprises have achieved low or no mercury, the mercury content of batteries produced by a large number of small enterprises is still very high. Zhang Hu, a senior engineer at Hebei Dry Battery Testing Station, said that at present, the mercury content of batteries in China is uneven, and some of them are of very good quality, less than one in a million; Some of them are extremely poor, 20 times higher than the standard of low-mercury batteries and 1 10,000 times higher than the standard of mercury-free batteries.
We know that at present, there are less than 15% large-scale battery manufacturers in China that can mass-produce low-mercury and mercury-free batteries. Not long ago, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce conducted a survey on batteries, which showed that 20% of the batteries in the China market did not meet the standards. Therefore, learning from the experience of developed countries in realizing mercury-free batteries without recycling disposable batteries is not in line with China's national conditions. Experts believe that not only the mercury in the battery will cause pollution, but also zinc, manganese, cadmium and lead will seep into the ground with the decay of domestic garbage, which will also cause pollution if it exceeds a certain limit. These harmful substances enter the human body along the food chain, which greatly threatens people's health.
At present, the level of garbage disposal in China is relatively low. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the annual output of garbage in China was 6.5438+0.4 million tons, and the treatment rate was 63%, but less than 6.5438+0% was really treated harmlessly. Of the nearly 1,000 landfills in large and medium-sized cities in China, 90% are still simply stacked, which is easy to cause large-scale pollution. Waste batteries and domestic garbage will be treated together, which will cause endless troubles. Experts believe that a large number of old batteries go to the garbage dump with garbage, which is also a kind of concentration. How can it not produce pollution? Mr. Zheng, the relevant person in charge of the Beijing Urban Management Committee, said that it is safer to collect and dispose of used batteries when conditions permit.
From the perspective of resource utilization, battery recycling has also been affirmed by many experts. Professor Zeng Pingrong of University of Science and Technology Beijing said that at present, more than 90% of the batteries produced in China are dry batteries, so it is impossible to pollute the environment. Moreover, not recycling these batteries is also a huge waste of resources. 3000 tons of waste batteries can be recycled 14 1 ton zinc ingot, 300 tons of metallurgical manganese dioxide, 260 tons of mill scale, 18 1 ton electrolytic zinc, 340 tons of electrolytic manganese dioxide and 500 tons of mill scale, which are equivalent to the cost of developing two medium-sized mines in China, not to mention these.
At present, China consumes about 8 billion batteries every year, and the average recycling efficiency is less than 2%. 99% of them have entered the landfill together with domestic garbage. It is this 2% that puts the management in an awkward position. Enterprises are unwilling to deal with the loss of used batteries.
Since many environmental protection departments believe that whoever pollutes will be treated, what do enterprises that should legally undertake the disposal of used batteries think?
The person in charge of Beijing Jinpu Battery Co., Ltd. once said that it is a loss to recycle and treat used batteries, because the technical equipment is not matched, and it will be rotten if it is too late to recycle. Moreover, the state does not subsidize battery recycling, and the recycling cost is too high. Now is a market economy, how can enterprises do unprofitable things? The person in charge of Tianjin Li Shen battery enterprise said: "We only sell batteries, and collecting batteries is not our business." Most large battery companies hold this view, and some people don't even know about battery recycling.
When the big battery companies were not interested in treating waste batteries, the privately-run Beijing Donghua Xinxin Labor Service Co., Ltd. established the first and only waste battery treatment plant in China.
Wang Zixin, the chairman of this company, is called "environmental madman". You are "crazy" because you dare to do what others don't do. Wang Zixin has set up hundreds of recycling points and telephones for used batteries in Beijing, so as soon as we called the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, people immediately told us about the battery recycling hotline in Wang Zixin. Wang Zixin told us that in order to be responsible for future generations, he would do something in the industrialization of used batteries, and now he has invested all his millions of assets. He said that only by establishing an industrial chain of waste battery recycling can this cause be carried forward.
Wang Zixin said: "A lot of disposable batteries are not recycled, which pollutes the environment and wastes a lot of resources. Each battery contains 22% zinc, 26% manganese and 65,438+07% iron. If you throw it away without treatment, it is equivalent to throwing away tens of millions of tons of useful raw materials every year, which are extracted from tens of thousands of tons of ore! This is definitely a sunrise industry. If state-owned enterprises don't do it, our private enterprises will do it! "
Wang Zixin studied medicine before, and deeply studied the harm of waste batteries to human body. Later, I changed to a chemical company to study the utilization of waste batteries. From 65438 to 0999, he started the business of recycling used batteries.
Wang Zixin walked a road full of thorns. His waste battery recycling enterprise was established in Yixian County, Hebei Province. Although the technical equipment has been put in place, it has been delayed because of the opposition of local authorities. The local authorities believe that waste battery treatment enterprises will definitely produce pollution. Although the emission conditions of this enterprise fully meet the national standards, it will not allow production. Wang Zixin wants to move, but wherever he goes, he is said to be a waste battery disposal enterprise, and he won't let people in. Wang Zixin said helplessly: "I don't know where my home can fall!" "However, he is not discouraged. He is trying to use the latest technology to make enterprises meet the most stringent emission standards, and then strive to get the certification of the national environmental protection department. He said that he would explore a unique way to deal with the waste batteries in China.
Some tax authorities asked Wang Zixin: "Can private enterprises do long-term unprofitable things?"
Wang Zixin said: "I recycle used batteries as a profession."
He said passionately, "I am now the contemporary Don Quixote, sprinting with a spear." He challenged not only the complex social environment, but also the barriers of ideas.
Wang Zixin has detailed plans for every link of the waste battery industry chain, trying to make the profit mechanism run the battery recycling network. He wrote to the mayor of Beijing that by 2008, the recycling rate of used batteries in Beijing should reach 50%.
The situation in some developed countries abroad is relatively good. Most countries have formulated quite strict laws and regulations on the collection and disposal of failed batteries. For example, Japan stipulates that manufacturers, sellers and consumers must pay a certain proportion of recycling fees, and has set up collection branches and outlets all over the country in conjunction with many companies to facilitate the collection of used batteries. At the same time, several waste battery recycling plants have received government funding and enjoyed many preferential policies. These measures are quite effective in recycling used batteries.
At present, there are some problems in the disposal of waste batteries in western countries. Most of their disposal methods are sealed in caves or reclaimed land after solidified with impermeable cement, and most of them are not recycled harmlessly. Only a few countries, such as Japan, Germany, the United States and South Korea, have developed relatively mature treatment technologies and technical equipment. For example, the high-temperature volatile reduction smelting process invented by Sumitomo Heavy Industries of Japan; Swiss company Batrec has established a relatively advanced production line with an annual processing capacity of 3,000 tons. In addition, Ald company in Germany has also developed the application technology of vacuum metallurgy to treat waste batteries. The "one-step method" proposed by China Beijing Mining Research Institute is also very effective.
(two) the recycling process and technology of waste batteries.
Because there are many kinds of waste batteries, the treatment methods are not the same. At present, there are single-type waste battery comprehensive utilization technology and hybrid waste battery comprehensive utilization technology, but because the hybrid waste battery comprehensive utilization technology is not yet mature, the current waste battery treatment technology is mainly single-type waste battery comprehensive utilization technology. It includes two treatment methods: wet method and fire method.
1 hydrometallurgical treatment method.
The principle of hydrometallurgical recovery process is based on the acid-soluble property of metals and their compounds in waste batteries. Firstly, the waste battery is dissolved, and the solution is purified and electrolyzed to generate zinc, manganese dioxide or other chemical products (such as lithopone and zinc oxide). Its advantages are less equipment investment and low operation cost; The disadvantage is that the product purity is low and the process flow is long, which may cause secondary pollution. The Netherlands, Germany and other countries all use this method to treat waste batteries.
2 pyrometallurgical treatment process.
The principle of pyrometallurgical treatment of waste dry batteries is the process of oxidation, reduction, decomposition, volatilization and condensation of metals and compounds at high temperature after the waste dry batteries are crushed. Pyrolysis includes atmospheric pressure and vacuum methods. All operations of atmospheric metallurgical method are carried out in the atmosphere, while vacuum method is carried out in a closed vacuum environment. Most scholars believe that vacuum metallurgy is the best way to treat waste batteries, especially the treatment and recovery of mercury. Its advantages are no introduction of new impurities, high purity of regenerated products and good mercury treatment effect. Disadvantages are high energy consumption and high equipment cost. At present, Switzerland, Japan, the United States and other countries all use this method to deal with waste batteries.
At present, one of the traditional methods to treat waste batteries is to heat the waste batteries at a lower temperature, first to volatilize mercury, and then to recover a small amount of metals such as olefins at a higher temperature. Second, the waste battery is baked at high temperature to volatilize volatile metals and their oxides, and the residue is used as metallurgical intermediate or treated separately.
The disadvantages of atmospheric metallurgy are heavy pollution, long process, high consumption and high cost. People invented the vacuum method. Vacuum method is based on the different vapor pressures of waste batteries at the same temperature, which can be separated from each other at different temperatures through evaporation and condensation in vacuum to realize comprehensive recycling. The treatment process is as follows: the components with high steam pressure enter the steam, and the components with low steam pressure remain in the residual liquid or residue; When condensing, steam condenses into liquid or solid at a lower temperature. Vacuum method has the advantages of short process, low pollution and high recovery rate, which is worth popularizing widely.
(III) Management status of waste batteries in China.
In view of a series of hazards caused by waste batteries, China has promulgated the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste. It stipulates that hazardous waste should be managed according to the principles of classified management, key control of key links such as collection, storage, transfer and disposal, and centralized disposal, but this law does not specifically stipulate battery management. The specific development of waste battery management still lacks operational specific management regulations and implementation rules.
In the management of battery industry. 1 997 65438+February 3 1 day, nine ministries and commissions, including China National Light Industry Federation and State Economic and Trade Commission, jointly issued "Regulations on Restricting Mercury Content in Batteries", requiring that from June 65438+ 10/day, 2000, the production of mercury in China should be prohibited. From 200 1, 1 and 1, it is forbidden to sell all kinds of batteries with mercury content greater than 0.025% in China. At the same time, domestic and foreign battery products entering the market must be marked with mercury content. From June 5438+1 October 1 day, 2005, it is forbidden to produce alkaline zinc-manganese batteries (mercury-free batteries) with mercury content greater than 0.000 1% in China, and from June 20061day, it is forbidden to sell them in China with mercury content greater than 0.000/. This document specifies the mercury content in various batteries, specific control measures, supervision and implementation of measures. However, there is no specific regulation on harmful substances in other types of waste batteries, such as cadmium and lead.
In the management process of production, recycling and harmless disposal of waste batteries, people lack environmental protection knowledge, lack of understanding of the harm that waste batteries will cause to the environment, and the management system is not perfect, which makes many problems encountered in the management process. The problems existing in the management of waste batteries in China mainly include:
1 battery producers and users have not fulfilled their battery management obligations well.
2 lack of specific management regulations.
3 the management system is not perfect.
4. Lack of reasonable and feasible management and operation mechanism.
5. Lack of advanced technologies for recycling, treating and disposing of used batteries.
The public lacks a correct understanding of the management knowledge of used batteries.
These problems urgently need to be solved by relevant departments in the future economic development and environmental protection.
(D) Problems existing in the recycling of waste batteries
There are still many problems in the recycling process of waste batteries in China:
1 Due to the public's lack of sufficient awareness of the hazards of used batteries, most of the public dispose of the used batteries together with domestic garbage, and most of the used batteries have not been recycled.
Because there is no complete recycling network for used batteries in China, some people want to send the used batteries back to the battery recycling station, but they can't find the battery recycling station and have to throw them away.
Due to the lack of environmental protection tax on battery production and sales in China, the sources of funds for recycling waste batteries are insufficient, which seriously affects the recycling of waste batteries.
In the past, the disposal of zinc-manganese batteries has changed to the storage of various waste batteries, and the existing recycling methods are based on the classification of batteries, so it is necessary to improve the existing waste battery disposal technology and equipment.
(V) Suggestions on recycling used batteries
In view of the above analysis, combined with the actual situation, we put forward the following suggestions:
1 Strengthen environmental publicity and education, and raise the environmental awareness of the whole people.
Establish a complete battery recycling system, so that people can easily hand over the used batteries to the recycling station.
Toxic lead-acid batteries, mercury-containing batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries must be marked with corresponding recycling signs.
Forced elimination of backward battery production processes and products of some manufacturers.
5. Encourage research on recycling technology. The research and development of waste battery recycling technology should be tilted in policy and economy to ensure that the economic and technical indicators and technological level of recycling technology reach the international advanced level, and realize the comprehensive recovery of valuable components of waste batteries and no secondary pollution.
For battery manufacturers, sellers, importers and consumers, we should raise funds by buying new ones and returning old ones, collecting treatment fees and environmental taxes, and establish a complete recycling system for used batteries to ensure that used batteries can be completely recycled and properly disposed of.
Three. Investigation report on waste batteries
(A) the main purpose of this survey
1 Understand the main types and quantities of batteries used by consumers and the disposal methods of used batteries.
2. Understand consumers' suggestions and opinions on the batteries currently on the market.
Understand the public's awareness of environmental pollution caused by waste batteries.
4. Strengthen environmental protection publicity and raise the awareness of environmental protection and resource crisis of the whole people.
(II) The main targets of this survey
1 Some students of Shandong Agricultural University
Some citizens in Tai 'an City
(3) The design of this questionnaire.
This questionnaire has four aspects 10 questions. Because the main harmful components contained in all kinds of waste batteries and their harm to the environment are different, the first aspect of this questionnaire (including 1 ~ 4 questions) is mainly to understand the main types of batteries used by consumers at present. Because there are many subjects in this survey, and everyone's educational level and knowledge structure are different, questions 3 ~ 4 of this questionnaire are mainly supplements to questions 1 ~ 2. Fu Nan battery, Shuanglu battery and Baixiang battery are mainly alkaline batteries, while Dagong battery, Peony battery and Zhonghua battery are mainly acidic batteries. The price within 1 yuan is mainly acid batteries, the price from 0 yuan to 2.5 yuan is mainly mercury alkaline batteries, the price from 3 yuan to 5 yuan is mainly mercury-free alkaline batteries, and the price above 5 yuan is mainly rechargeable batteries.
At present, the batteries sold in the market must have some shortcomings in the minds of consumers, which determines the future development direction of batteries. Therefore, the second aspect of this questionnaire (including questions 5-6) is mainly to understand the consumer's dissatisfaction with the batteries currently on the market. At present, the problems of resources, energy and pollution around the world are hindering the development and progress of society, so it is urgent to strengthen the propaganda of environmental protection and rational utilization of resources and energy. The third aspect of this questionnaire (including questions 7-8) is mainly to understand the public's understanding of the pollution of used batteries and promote the pollution of used batteries to the environment. According to relevant data, the total amount of waste batteries produced in China is about 8-9 billion pieces each year, with an average of 7 pieces of waste batteries per person per year. The fourth aspect of this questionnaire survey (including question 9- 10) is mainly to understand the monthly amount of used batteries produced by everyone within the scope of this survey and the main disposal methods of used batteries.
(4) The results of this questionnaire survey.
Through our one-week survey of some students of Northwest University and some citizens of Xi, the results are as follows: (In the course of this survey, * * * distributed 600 questionnaires and recovered 504 valid questionnaires)
leave out
(v) Discuss the results of the questionnaire survey.
Due to the limited scope of this survey, some results may be slightly different from the overall situation, but this survey must reflect the situation of a region as a whole, so it still has certain reference value. To some extent, this survey reflects the consumption of batteries in China, the disposal methods after use and the existing problems.
(vi) Conclusions of the questionnaire
From the above survey results, we can draw the following conclusions:
1 At present, the batteries used by consumers are mainly disposable alkaline batteries. The performance of this kind of battery is superior to that of disposable acid battery in all aspects. However, the production technology of mercury-free alkaline batteries is not mature, and its cost is higher than that of mercury-containing alkaline batteries. At present, the alkaline batteries sold in the market are mainly mercury-containing alkaline batteries, so if the waste batteries are buried, burned and composted with domestic garbage, it will still cause serious pollution to the environment. In addition, because the shell of alkaline batteries is made of steel, it is a serious waste of resources to treat waste batteries together with domestic garbage.
From the survey results of the questionnaire, it can be seen that consumers are still dissatisfied with the batteries currently on the market, such as poor quality, insufficient environmental protection and high price. Therefore, battery manufacturers and scientific research units must strengthen the research on battery production technology in order to produce new environmentally friendly batteries with high quality, low pollution and low cost as soon as possible.
From the results of the questionnaire, it can also be found that most of the public have a certain understanding of the environmental pollution caused by improper disposal of used batteries, but they lack further understanding and practical actions. Therefore, the publicity and education of environmental protection should be strengthened to improve the awareness of environmental protection and resource crisis of the whole people.
From the results of the questionnaire survey, it can also be found that at present, consumers use about two batteries per month, and most consumers dispose of waste batteries together with domestic garbage, which will not only cause serious harm to the environment, but also waste resources. According to relevant data, if all the waste batteries in China are recycled, zinc 10000 tons, manganese dioxide 18 ~ 200000 tons and copper 25000 tons can be recycled every year. What a fortune!
(seven) problems found in the process of investigation.
At present, some consumers in China have a certain awareness of environmental protection and resource crisis, and realize that throwing away waste batteries together with domestic garbage not only pollutes the environment, but also wastes resources seriously. However, we know from the investigation that some consumers collect the used batteries together, and some collect a lot, but they can't find a recycling station for the used batteries. Finally, they have no choice but to throw away the hard-earned used batteries and domestic garbage. In addition, we learned from Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in China that a waste battery treatment plant in Beijing was forced to go bankrupt due to insufficient supply of raw materials. This shows that there is a big problem in the recycling management of used batteries in China. I hope to attract the attention of relevant departments and solve the problem.
Four concluding remarks
As the largest battery producer and consumer in the world, there are still many problems to be solved in the collection and treatment of used batteries in China. Although in 2003, five ministries and commissions issued the Technical Policy for the Prevention and Control of Waste Battery Pollution, the policy has not been implemented yet, and the public's awareness of environmental protection needs to be strengthened. In addition, the treatment technology and equipment of waste batteries also need to be improved.