Historical academic papers discuss narrative history.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution of historiography development and explore the internal reasons for its glory and silence through thinking about the definition and purpose of historiography. At the same time, by thinking about the internal motivation of the current craze for national studies and the craze for reading history by the whole people, this paper explores how to give consideration to the scientific nature of history and expand the mass base of the discipline. As a humanities discipline, innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for its development. Narrating history is undoubtedly the only choice to increase the mass base of historiography, and the popularization of historiography is a trend. How to balance narrative history and textual research history, and how to deal with the scientificity and artistry of history are all issues worthy of discussion.
Keywords history; History; Narrative historiography; Historical theory; postmodernism
First, the relationship between historical definition and historical narrative
1, the relationship between history and narrative history. According to their own understanding, different historians have their own unique feelings about the definition of history, which is related to the times or the principles of historical management. And almost all historical definitions pay attention to the value of historical narrative. Mr. Qu said in The Outline of China's History:? The comprehensive activity of understanding, recording and writing the history of human society is historiography. ? Have I ever had a similar narrative with Mr. Du Wei Yun? Generally speaking, the so-called history is nothing more than events that actually happened in the past (in short, the past), or records of events that actually happened in the past (past records). ? On this issue, the West has a similar understanding. Ranke, the founder of Ranke School, who has influenced western historians for hundreds of years, mentioned in the book History of Latin Nation and Germanic Nation. People always think that the task of historians is to criticize the past and make the times conform to the interests of the future. I don't advocate this. Do I really want to record the past? . Why do Chinese and Western historians have similar understandings of this? I think it is based on the following characteristics of history. From the perspective of history itself, history includes three aspects: the composition of facts, the confirmation of facts and the expression of facts. And the composition of facts is its basis. And history itself is actually a thing of the past. It is a process of past activities and the development of human society. Narrative historical philosophy recognizes the existence of historical events, but because they think that such facts, even if they exist, are meaningless to the present and the present, their main concern is not historical truth or? Object? , but right? Object? The author believes that the significance of history depends on the interpretation of history, and the interpretation of history cannot but depend on historical narrative. Therefore, describing historical facts clearly is the basis of history and one of the most important tasks. Postmodernism emphasizes the importance of narration from the artistic level of history, which coincides with China's traditional literature and history. Narrating facts is the basis of historical research and should be paid attention to.
Second, talk about narrative history and folk narrative history from the literariness of historiography.
1. Talking about narrative history from the literariness of historiography. Literature, as its name implies, is an art form that uses language as a means to create images, reflect social life and express the author's feelings. Compared with the definition, it seems to have nothing to do with history. But there seems to be mutual penetration between the two. There is a saying that literature and history are not separated. Our traditional historical writing in China has never been separated from literature. For example, they were praised by Lu Xun? Li Sao has no rhyme? Historical Records has attracted the attention of literary and historical circles with its beautiful words and full narrative. Later generations of history books have imitated its style, making the cold words leap from the paper, as if to reproduce historical scenes. Such literary descriptions endow history with spirit and flesh. This makes it one of the most popular and attractive themes. At the same time, literary works also have their historical value, Zhang Xuecheng said? The Five Classics are all history? Mr. Chen Yinque invented it? Prove history with poetry? Methods, now the scope of historical research has been greatly expanded. Literary works have become an indispensable part of it and attracted more and more attention. Romantic historiography, which was popular in the first half of the western19th century, also emphasized the close relationship between history and literature. Barrett, a French romantic historian, said: I have been trying to bring back the interest that historical novels draw from history. First of all, history must be accurate, but I think it can also be true and vivid? Three. Many thoughts of postmodern historiography come from romantic historiography. Postmodern historiography emphasizes that the reproduction of history by historical works is the reproduction of art, and historical facts are turned into stories through narration. Historiography is a form of narrative art, which should be the unity of historiography and art. There is no denying that some viewpoints of postmodernism are biased, but we should also really think about it, so as to promote the progress of historiography. The radical view comes from hayden white, a historian of new historicism. He believes that narrative is the focus of historical thinking, historians can't grasp history outside narrative, and the choice of structural forms in narrative has different plot effects.
2. Talk about the folk narrative of history from the literariness of history. In recent years, there has been an upsurge in studying Chinese studies and reviving traditional culture in China. As an important part of Chinese studies, history is favored by more and more people. Popular history books are in the forefront of book sales, and bestseller columns have long been occupied by popular history books. The history that has been silent for many years seems to wake up overnight, and generate shows amazing vitality and vigor. This is undoubtedly something to be thankful for. It reflects the demand for spiritual culture under the improvement of national quality. I think the main reason why Chinese studies are so hot now is the economic development of our country. In the past 30 years, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, and people began to pursue a higher level of spiritual life, eager to understand their own national history and culture. Secondly, the prosperity of academic circles and the efforts of cultural promotion. And the new way of cultural communication in the era of multimedia information.
Third, past lives, a popular historical writer.
In fact, the older generation of historians have already begun to try to write popular history and narrate history. Perhaps the earliest lecturer in popular history was Mr. Li Dongfang, a historian living in the United States. 1September, 944, Mr. Li Dongfang initiated the form of charging and telling history in Chongqing, the capital of Chongqing, which was well received by the audience. Mr. Li told a vivid story, but he didn't invent any characters or events. When Mr. Lin Yutang learned about this, he said he wanted to? Humor master? The title of Li Dongfang. After Mr. Wang finished the book On Qing Dynasty, Mr. Hu Shi encouraged him to talk about various dynasties. Mr. Wang kept writing, and successively wrote On the Three Kingdoms, On the Yuan Dynasty, On the Qing Dynasty and On the Republic of China. After the death of Mr. 1998, the publishing house invited several famous history professors to complete Qin and Han Dynasties, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties and Song Dynasties. Become a series of books that we see now, introducing the history of China in detail. Lv Simian, a famous historian in modern China, also attached great importance to the popular interpretation of history. Su Yi, Biography, Geographical Trend of China, Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Elegant and popular * * * reward, easy to understand. Deeply praised by readers. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House has now published four books in the form of four popular books of Lu. Nowadays, due to the spread of multimedia. There are many experts and scholars involved in popularizing and narrating history. Now CCTV's fist program "Lecture Room" has built a bridge between experts, scholars and the masses, and spread a lot of obscure knowledge among the people in an easy-to-understand form, which has been well received by the audience. There are countless books published. These are all gratifying attempts.
conclusion
The popularization of history and the reading of history by the whole people are the general trend, which is also beneficial to historical development. Judging from the literariness of traditional narrative historiography and historiography, it also conforms to the tradition of traditional narrative historiography, and conservative scholars have also made many successful attempts. People's choice is a change that should be made. If we can grasp this trend, we will surely usher in another spring of historiography. We hope this day will come soon. Let history? Fly into the homes of ordinary people? .
Precautions:
I go to Lin Dong. Outline of China's history [M]. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House, 1999: 2- 12.
Wei Yun II. Historical Methodology, 2 1, Taiwan Province Province, 198 1. Quoted from Li's Theory and Method of History, p. 1 1.
Sanguchi. 19th century history and historian [M]. The Commercial Press, 1992: 129.
refer to
[1] flexion. Outline of China's history [M]. Beijing Publishing House, 1999.
[2] Du. Historical methodology [Z]. Taiwan Province province, 198 1: 2 1. Quoted from Li's Theory and Method of History, 1 1.
[3] Pang Zhuoheng, Li Xuezhi, Wu Ying. Introduction to history [M]. Higher Education Press, 2007.
[4] (English) Carl. What is history? [M]。 Chen Heng, translate it. The Commercial Press, 2008.
[5] Ma Weidong. Historical theory and method [M]. Beijing Normal University Press, 2009.
[6] (ancient Rome) Tacitus. Chronicle of the Roman Empire [M]. China Social Sciences Press, 2007.
[7] (French) Braudel. On history [M]. Peking University Publishing House, 2008.
[8] Zhang Guangzhi. History of western historiography [M]. Fudan University Press, 2004.
[9] Gucci. 19th century history and historian [M]. The Commercial Press, 1992.
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