Paper on Computer Operating System 1 "Discussion on Computer Operating System"
Abstract: 2 1 century is the information age, and computers will be more widely used. In order to use computers better, we should have a basic understanding of the operating system. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses the concept and development history of operating system, and briefly introduces Windows, UNIX and Linux operating systems, so that readers can deepen their understanding of computer operating systems.
Keywords: computer operating system; WindowsUNIXLinux operating system
Nowadays, people can't live and study without computers. A computer consists of hardware and software, and the most important software in computer system software is the operating system. The operating system is like a commander, directing all the components in the computer and directing them to work together according to a certain plan. The more complex the computer system, the more important the role and position of the operating system.
I. Overview of Operating System
Operating system is responsible for managing computer hardware resources and software resources, and providing services to users through this management, becoming the interface between computers and users. The main functions of the operating system are: (1) processor management; (2) memory management; (3) document management; (4) equipment management; (5) User interface. Basically, all operating systems have the following characteristics: (1) concurrency; (2)*** enjoy; (3) virtuality; ⑤ Uncertainty.
Second, the history of operating system development
It has been 70 years since the operating system came into being. The earliest operating system was born in the mid-1950s. It is a simple single-channel batch operating system. Then it evolved into a multi-program batch processing system, and at the same time, a real-time operating system came into being. Finally, with the development of microcomputer, multiprocessor and computer network, the corresponding microcomputer OS, multiprocessor OS and network OS have also developed rapidly.
(A) serial processing system
When the earliest computer in the world was born, there was no operating system. At that time, programmers dealt directly with hardware. The specific process is as follows: first, the programmer loads the punched paper tape (or card) into the memory, then starts the program through the console or switch, and finally takes out the paper tape (or card) and the operation result when the program runs. This system seriously reduces the utilization rate of computer resources and forms the so-called man-machine contradiction.
(2) Single channel batch processing system
In order to solve the above man-machine contradiction, the idea of batch processing is put forward, that is, one batch of jobs is input at a time. The specific process of the system is as follows: firstly, a batch of jobs are input to the tape offline, and a supervision program is provided to be responsible for the sequential execution of the jobs. When a job is completed, the monitoring program will automatically select the next job and repeat the above process until all the jobs are executed. The system improves the processing capacity of the system and can execute jobs in batches. But in actual execution, only one job can be executed in memory, which will slow down the execution speed of the program.
(3) Multi-channel batch processing system
In order to solve the problem that single-channel batch processing system can only execute one job at a time, multi-channel programming technology came into being. The specific process of the system is: first, put multiple jobs in memory, and allow them to be executed alternately in the actual execution process. For example, when a job is interrupted due to an I/O request, the CPU is idle at this time, so it can execute another job. The system effectively improves the CPU utilization rate and system throughput, but the resource utilization rate is high and the average turnover period of jobs is long.
(4) Time-sharing operating system
Time-sharing processing system can be said to be an operating system formed in response to user needs. Time-sharing processing system also adopts multi-channel processing technology, but it has completely different performance differences from multi-channel batch processing system, mainly in the following characteristics: ① multi-channel; 2 independence; ③ timeliness; 4 interaction.
(5) Real-time operating system
Real-time operating system means that the system can respond to the request of external events in time, complete the event processing within the specified time, and control the coordinated operation of all real-time tasks. The system is similar to the time-sharing system, the biggest difference is that it needs to meet the relationship between processing and time.
Thirdly, the introduction of classic operating system.
From the birth to the development of operating system, there have been several classic operating systems, namely Windows, UNIX and Linux.
(1) window
Windows came out as 1985. At first, it was just an application under MS-DOS. It was not until Microsoft introduced Windows 2000 in 2000 that the first graphical user interface operating system broke away from MS-DOS. Windows is a single-user multitasking computer operating system based on graphical user interface (GUI). Windows operating system occupies a very large proportion in the global desktop operating system market, and also has certain applications in the low-end server market. At present, Windows system is quite mature in technology, and is constantly improving, which is deeply loved by people.
(2) UNIX
UNIX was originally developed by KenThompson, DennisRitchie and DouglasMcIlroy in 1969. It is a multi-user and multi-task operating system with extremely powerful functions and the most comprehensive performance. UNIX was originally written in assembly language, but its portability is poor. Later, it was very convenient to develop, modify and transplant in a high-level language. Because of the success of UNIX, it has also promoted a series of UNIX derivative products, the most famous of which are Mac OS X operating system and Linux system developed by Apple. At present, UNIX has become the mainstream operating system of mainframes, network servers and workstations and the leader of high-end industries with its high efficiency, strong security and reliability.
(3) Linux
Lin Nasi's Linux operating system? Torvalds was developed in 199 1 Strictly speaking, Linux is just a kernel, and a complete operating system based on the Linux kernel is the Linux operating system. Linux can be regarded as the inheritance of UNIX. Similar to UNIX, Linux is a multi-user and multi-task operating system, which can be used and disseminated for free. Linux operating system has become one of the mainstream operating systems in the server and embedded system market. Linux is gradually entering the desktop operating system market. Because of its free and open source, security and high efficiency, it will become the biggest threat to Windows operating system. At present, the operating system of the fastest 10 supercomputer in the world is Linux.
Four. Concluding remarks
To sum up, the computer operating system, like the brain of the computer, dominates the computer to complete various tasks. The development of computer operating system has experienced the era of serial processing system, single-channel batch processing system, multi-channel batch processing system, time-sharing operating system and real-time operating system. With the rapid development of science and technology, the computer operating system will be more and more perfect.
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