During the reign of Emperor Qin Ming (539 ~ 57 1), with the influence of China culture and the introduction of Buddhism, Japanese architecture began to adopt tile roofs, stone platforms and roofs with lifting frames and wing angles. Magnificent Buddhist temples, pagodas and palaces have appeared, and the architectural styles of houses and shrines have also changed. The influence of foreign culture on Japanese architecture can be roughly divided into two stages: the first stage is to absorb the culture of China's Southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties, and gradually become Japanese by the end of the 9th century; The second stage was influenced by China's Song, Yuan and Ming cultures, and/kloc-was Japanese after the 6th century.
Japanese architecture dedicated to natural gods, clan ancestors and heroes. The shrine has always implemented a "replacement" system, that is, it is rebuilt every certain period (such as 20 or 60 years). Therefore, although some existing shrine houses still retain the legacy of early residence, they are all rebuilt by later generations. The plane and appearance of the early shrine were relatively simple, with wooden walls, overhead lower parts and sloping grass roofs. The roof is not folded, nor is it painted or carved. There are two basic styles: one is called "Da She Zao", represented by Izumo Da She in Shimane Prefecture; The existing social house was built in 1744, with a square plane, a suspended roof, a door on the hillside and a central column in it. The other is called "Divine Works", which is represented by Ise Shrine; It is characterized by three rooms, the front of which is open in the studio, and the roof is also a hanging mountain type.
After the Heian period, the architectural style of the shrine increased, and a single square plane appeared, with "spring-made" eaves on the top of two slopes; Turn the "God made" front eaves into "flowing" front porches; A temple was built in front of the main hall, and the roofs of the two buildings were connected into "eight floors"; The eaves are added to the left, right and front three sides of the three-room social house, such as "Ri Ji Zao". Since then, the style and number of shrines have been increasing. By the time of Taisho (19 12 ~ 1926), there were about 120,000 shrines in Japan.
Buddhist temple is one of the main types of ancient Japanese architecture. In 624, there were 46 Buddhist temples in Japan. Buddhism flourished in Nara period (7 10 ~ 784), and the number of Buddhist temples in China increased to hundreds. The famous Horyuji (607) West Courtyard, which was rebuilt in Nara's early stage, is the oldest existing building in Japan, and its architectural style still maintains the characteristics of the bird period. After Nara moved its capital to Pingchengjing in the middle period, it absorbed the culture of China in the Tang Dynasty, established Guobu Temple in various vassal states, and built the general of Guobu Temple-Dongda Temple in Pingchengjing. The main hall of Dongda Temple 1 1 is about 40 meters wide and high. The Buddha statue in the hall is about 20 meters high. It was the most magnificent building in Japan at that time. There are two towers in front of the main hall and a lecture hall behind it. Now only the bronze Buddha in the temple is an old thing at that time. The representative building in Nara's later period, Jintang (759) of Zhao Ti Temple in Tang Dynasty, was built by Jian Zhen of China and his disciples after Dongdu, reflecting the architectural style of China in Tang Dynasty. During the Heian period (794 ~ 1 192), the nobles yearned for the pure land of the west, which promoted the development of the magnificent Mituo Hall. Outstanding examples are the Pingting Phoenix Hall in Uchi (1053) and the Amitabha Hall in Jingliuli Temple in Kyoto Prefecture. Among them, the Phoenix Hall is a collection of exquisite paintings, sculptures, handicrafts and buildings. In the Kamakura era (1 192 ~ 1333), the emerging samurai forces replaced the aristocratic groups in power, and the Zen Buddhism introduced from China in the Song Dynasty gained the appreciation and belief of the samurai, thus the Zen temple rose, with examples of Buddhist temples such as Yuanjue Temple in Kamakura. This kind of temple is often modeled after China's Song Dynasty architecture and is called "tang style". The old-fashioned architecture in peacetime is called "He"; Other Buddhist temples influenced by the architectural style in the southeast coast of China are called "Buddha style" or "Tianzhu style". Typical examples are the South Gate of Todo Temple in Nara and the Pure Land Hall of Pure Land Temple in Hyogo Prefecture. During the Muromachi shogunate period (1338 ~ 1573), Zen continued to develop. In Kyoto and Kamakura, the Wuyue Temple was established in imitation of the Wuyue Ten Temple of China Zen in the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the early days of Japan, wooden frames and grass roofs were mostly used, and the lower part was overhead, such as dry underground continuous wall buildings. After the introduction of Buddhism, the residence also changed obviously. During the reign of Emperor Shengwu (724 ~ 748), the court encouraged his deputies to build a mansion painted in red and white (the columns and beams were painted in red and the walls were painted in white). The only example of residence left in Nara era is a five-bay wooden frame building, which has been transformed into the teaching hall of Horyuji East Hospital. It was originally the residence of Lady Orange, the mother of Queen Emperor Shengwu. The aristocratic residence in Heian period adopts the style of "bedroom hall", with the owner's bedroom hall in the middle, the left and right sides as "opposite rooms" where family members live, and there is a corridor connecting the bedroom hall and the opposite room. There is a garden pool in the south of the sleeping hall, with pavilions and pavilions beside it, which are connected to the opposite room by cloisters for viewing and entertainment. In order to defend the samurai residence in Kamakura era, the plane form and internal separation are very complicated, and the layout and appearance are varied. Monks set up a small room next to the living room as a study because they needed to read the scriptures. This is the sprout of a house built by an academy. During the Muromachi (1338 ~ 1573) and Taoshan (1573 ~ 1600) periods, academies flourished. This kind of house is open, simple and flexible. It is characterized by indoor furnishings such as "academy" (a small space for reading) and "bed room" (a place for hanging calligraphy and painting, arranging flowers and inserting incense, etc. , shaped like a niche) and "illegal shed" (shelf for placing stationery books) and indoor treatment. Due to the prosperity of commerce, the "Xiading" (market town) with the castle as the center where the local lords are located has sprung up, and secular buildings such as city houses and businesses have developed; The popularity of tea ceremony among warriors and literati has promoted the development of teahouse architecture, among which the most distinctive feature is Cao An Teahouse with peasant flavor. This architectural style is called "Gigi House" (meaning elegant house). /kloc-from the end of 0/6th century to the beginning of 0/7th century, vassals all over the country began to build castles and watchtowers-"Tianshou Pavilion", a kind of high-rise pavilion with wood structure, which not only has the practical purpose of defense, but also serves as a means of political display and deterrence. There are famous Tianshou pavilions, such as Keshan, Himeji, Matsumoto, Kumamoto and Nagoya. At the beginning of Edo (16 15), a ban was issued to restrict the construction of cities. Later, this trend gradually disappeared.