Why can Buddhism prevail in Southeast Asia?
Ziqiurong
20 125 14062 13
Grade 20 12 TCFL
Abstract: The prevalence of Buddhism in Southeast Asia and its causes.
Key words: Mahayana Buddhism, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries.
First, Buddhism is in Southeast Asia.
When Buddhism was introduced into Southeast Asia, the earliest area should be Buddhism in Lower Myanmar or central Thailand today. In ancient Southeast Asian Buddhism, Hinayana and Mahayana alternated and spread to the south, which had great influence. At the end of the seventh century BC, Lower Myanmar and central Thailand believed in being seated; Java and Sumatra are under the control of Brahmanism. /kloc-in the 0/2 century, Ceylon vigorously reformed Buddhism and unified it into Buddhism in the upper part of the big temple. In the next two hundred years, Myanmar, Thailand, Khmer and Laos all took Ceylon as their heritage to promote Buddhism. Influenced by China culture, Vietnamese learned Mahayana Buddhism. As for Malaysia, Java and Sumatra, Brahmanism, Mahayana Buddhism and Hinayana Buddhism have always been in parallel.
Southeast Asian Buddhism is a Buddhism spreading upward from the south. Religious believers are mainly distributed in Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia and parts of central and southern Vietnam. According to records, Buddhism spread to the south has become popular in Southeast Asia around AD ... From the 2nd century to the 6th century, Buddhism spread to the south became the most important religion in Southeast Asia. However, it is undeniable that Brahmanism, which was introduced earlier than Buddhism, has been replaced by Buddhism after experiencing the stage of coexistence and integration with Buddhist characters, but its influence on Buddhism still exists. In Buddhism in Southeast Asia, many Buddhist scenic spots and ceremonies have a certain shadow of Brahmanism, such as Borobudur, Angkor Wat, pagoda temple of Bogan dynasty and so on.
After 10 century, Buddhism spread to the south, which was respected and advocated by feudal lords in most southeast Asian countries, and Buddhism was also regarded as the state religion. Almost all areas where Buddhism spreads are religious. At the same time, the spread of Buddhism to the south also promoted the development of Southeast Asian culture. Religious believers all over the country created their own national characters according to the Pali phonetic sequence, and wrote transliteration of Pali Sanzang classics. From18th century to modern times, the transliteration compilation of barris Sanzang, mainly in Thai, Burmese, Khmer and Lao, was gradually completed, which made Buddhism spread more widely in Southeast Asia.
Second, the reasons for the prevalence of Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Buddhism has been prevalent in Southeast Asia for a long time.
1. The geographical advantages of Southeast Asia provided favorable conditions for the introduction of Buddhism. Southeast Asia is located at the junction of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, facing the Indian Peninsula across the sea, with convenient transportation and close economic and cultural exchanges. Therefore, Buddhism was introduced from India to Sri Lanka, and then from Sri Lanka to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and other countries. Buddhism in Southeast Asia spread upward from the south. Buddhism in Vietnam is mainly Mahayana Buddhism, which was introduced to Vietnam from China in the 2nd century, and reached its peak in the development history of Buddhism in Vietnam from10th century to14th century. In the early AD, Mahayana Buddhism and Brahmanism prevailed in southern Laos. In the middle of14th century, two eminent monks from Cambodia introduced Buddhism to Laos. At that time, King Faang Wang Zun of Laos designated Buddhism as the state religion, and Buddhism was widely spread in Laos. In BC 1 century, Cambodia was called Funanguo, but Hinduism and Buddhism were introduced into Funanguo in early AD. In the 3rd century, Mahayana Buddhism was introduced from China and India. By the 6th century, Minnan had become the Buddhist center of Southeast Asia. Around the 3rd century BC, Buddhism was introduced into Indochina Peninsula such as Myanmar and Thailand. In the 4th-11century, Mahayana Buddhism prevailed in northern and central Thailand. From 7th century BC to13rd century BC, Mahayana tantra spread in Thailand. 1 1 century, Buddhism from Myanmar and Sri Lanka was first introduced to Thailand. 165438+In the middle of the 20th century, after the Anulutuo of Bagan Dynasty unified Myanmar, Buddhism was introduced from Sri Lanka, and Buddhism was regarded as the state religion, and Myanmar began to become an all-encompassing country of Buddhism.
2. Historically, the admiration of Buddhism by the ruling classes in Southeast Asian countries is an important reason for its prosperity in Southeast Asia. For example, in Vietnam, from 16 to 17 century, the north and south were divided into feudal regimes. Zheng He in the north and Ruan in the south tried to rebuild Buddhism to win the hearts of the people, and Buddhism began to revive. /kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, with the support of Zhao Haoqi Setaro, Laos became one of the Buddhist centers in Southeast Asia. Buddhism entered its heyday in Laos during the reign of King Suya Sa Wong in the middle of the 0/7th century. /kloc-In the 3rd century, Wang Lan Moganheng, the third generation country of Sukhothai Dynasty in Thailand, established Buddhism as the state religion. /kloc-After the 4th century, the rulers of Ayutthaya Dynasty and Bangkok Dynasty all believed in Buddhism and supported its development in different ways. After King Chulalongkorn came to power, he continued to carry out the religious reform system. The Buddhist System Law was promulgated in 1902, and a new Buddhist system was formally established in Thailand. In Myanmar, the Bagan Dynasty from 1 1 century to13rd century was the golden age for the development of Buddhism in Myanmar. After careful protection of several dynasties, preachers and elders tried their best to spread Buddhism, and Buddhism was fully carried forward. /kloc-the late 3rd century to/kloc-the middle 9th century is the period of great development of Buddhism in Myanmar. Seated Buddhism continued to flourish after the glory of Bagan Dynasty. After the 0/3rd century A.D./KLOC, Buddhism was established as the dominant religious expression in Southeast Asia, and monks wearing orange cassock were widely found in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia.
3. The national liberation movement in modern Southeast Asian countries promoted the development of Hinayana Buddhism. For example, at the beginning of the 20th century, especially after 1930, with the arrival of the climax of the national liberation movement in Laos, Buddhism in Laos began to revive. At the beginning of the 20th century, during the liberation movement of Cambodian people against French colonialism, although many Buddhist temples were destroyed, Buddhism still developed to a certain extent. The Thai Buddhist Association was founded in 1933, and now there are more than 70 branches in China. In order to promote Buddhism, the association set up a volunteer Buddhist propaganda group to promote Buddhism throughout the country.
To sum up, the prevalence of Buddhism in Southeast Asia was not smooth sailing and was influenced by various internal and external factors, but Buddhism continued to exist and develop in this region. The prevalence of Buddhism in Southeast Asia is also the result of many factors. Buddhist culture is also a precious cultural heritage handed down by the people of Southeast Asia.
At the same time, it also promoted the spread of Buddhist culture.
References:
Introduction to Southeast Asia, edited by Qi Guangmou and Zhong Zhixiang, China Publishing Group.
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