stone arch bridge
The arch bridge with natural stone as the main building material has a long history, and it is still being built in areas with rich historical materials of stone, but it is developing towards lightweight. Zhao Zhouqiao, China is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world. According to the structural materials, there are mainly two kinds of bridges: stone bridge and wooden bridge, single span and multi-span according to the number of spans, and arch bridge and beam bridge according to the structural types. Arch bridges are mostly stone bridges, and some of them are wood structures, which are called stoplog arch bridges. Beam bridges are different from flat beams and cantilever beams. On the deck of all bridges, you can build bridges, pavilions and other buildings to form a particularly beautiful image. This is the covered bridge. In a word, there are many types of bridges to meet the different needs of different occasions.
Edit the basic type of this paragraph.
According to the classification of structural materials, there are two main types of bridges: stone bridges and wooden bridges, which are divided into single-span and multi-span according to the number of spans, and arch bridges and beam bridges according to the structural types. Arch bridges are mostly stone bridges, and some of them are wood structures, which are called stoplog arch bridges. Beam bridges are also different from flat beams and cantilever beams. The former may be a stone structure or a wood structure, while the latter are both wood structures. On the deck of all bridges, you can build bridges, pavilions and other buildings to form a particularly beautiful image. This is the covered bridge. In a word, there are many types of bridges to meet the different needs of different occasions.
Edit the characteristics of this paragraph
1. has a long history (the earliest recorded stone arch bridge "Traveler Bridge" was built around 282 AD). It is almost everywhere (that is, it is numerous and widely distributed). It varies in size and form, and many of them are amazing masterpieces-diverse and outstanding.
Edit the development history of this paragraph.
System type
Stone arch bridge is one of the three basic types of traditional bridges in China. stone arch bridge
Stone arch bridge system is diverse. The two bridges described in this paper are outstanding representatives of millions of stone arch bridges. For thousands of years, stone arch bridges have spread all over the country. With the development of economy and culture, they have made rapid progress. They are an integral part of China's splendid ancient culture and have won honor for the motherland in the world. Up to now, a large number of ancient bridges are well preserved, which can be said to be the historical testimony of the exquisite skills of bridge builders in past dynasties, and also show the wisdom and strength of the working people in China. An ancient bridge can stand the test of natural disasters and wars and has not been broken for thousands of years. It is a miracle that it has not only been preserved as a monument, but also maintained its inherent functions. Of course, it is also due to the hard repair of the past dynasties, and this repair activity often comes from the folk's love and protection of the bridge. There are many stories about this social fashion in the history of Chinese bridges, which is worth telling. China is regarded as an ancient country with many bridges. This historical concept and quantitative concept, as well as the intuitive impression that there are physical objects to follow, are all knowledge that needs to be involved in understanding Chinese stone arch bridges. If these vivid historical facts are removed, not only is the connotation empty, but what can one or two isolated bodies tell us?
Time of appearance
Secondly, the stone arch bridge appeared earlier in the history of bridge development in China, but it is a stone arch bridge.
It developed rapidly after its appearance, that is, after modern railway, highway and bridge engineering technology was introduced into China in 1880, it still maintained vigorous vitality, and made great development by combining modern engineering theory and new building materials. The two bridges introduced in this paper have been in Zhao Zhouqiao for 1400 years, and Lugou Bridge has stood on the turbulent Yongding River for nearly 700 years. Both of them are majestic and solid, and they still maintain their original style, which can be used by heavy vehicles. It is rare in stone bridges at home and abroad. Zhao Zhouqiao's open-shouldered creation was seven centuries earlier than that of the West. The reason why it can last for a long time shows that the design and construction are scientific. Another example is the shallow foundation and short abutment in Zhao Zhouqiao. Many modern engineers were surprised because it was unscathed after many earthquakes and floods. This is by no means accidental. Tang Dynasty's Preface to Shiqiao said, "People don't know why it's amazing." This evaluation is almost the same as that of engineering scholars in the twentieth century, and it is highly skilled, which can be seen here. In a large number of historical facts, the technical achievements of ancient stone arch bridge "saving materials, skillful structure and high strength" are summarized, which is the consistent goal pursued by bridges and any buildings at home and abroad. At the beginning of the 6th century, China's skillful craftsmen displayed their intelligence and made bold innovations, and their brilliant achievements were worthy of pride.
Structural beauty
Thirdly, bridging the bridge across the water, the beauty of artistic conception, the beauty of carving and decoration, and the diversity of styles are also the national traditions that embody China's aesthetic standards. No matter the size of the building, the technology should be improved, just like painting, there can be no failure. Since the prevalence of grotto statues, ancient masons have had a set of superb skills and a certain level of artistic design. The railings in Zhao Zhouqiao and the stone lions in Lugou Bridge are both famous for their artistic treasures, which is also a precious artistic tradition of Chinese stone arch bridges and has a far-reaching influence on the decoration of modern stone arch bridges. The stone arch bridge in China has made some achievements in ancient times, and it still has development prospects today. What used to be useful is still working today. Therefore, it is a precious heritage, showing the industriousness, courage and outstanding talents of the working people in our country. We will certainly make greater achievements in the cause of modern bridges. Mao Yisheng once wrote an article praising "China Stone Arch Bridge". Arch bridge is one of the basic systems of bridges, with a long history and beautiful appearance. Famous bridges in ancient and modern China and abroad occupy an important position in bridge construction. It is suitable for large, medium and small span roads or railway bridges, especially for crossing canyons. Because of its beautiful shape, it is also often used in bridge construction in cities and scenic spots. /kloc-since the middle of the 0/9th century, with the appearance of steel and concrete building materials, stone arch bridges have been gradually replaced by steel arches and reinforced concrete arch bridges. The arch bridge structure develops to light structure, gradually breaking the traditional through stone arch bridge and creating a new arch bridge. The arch ring of the arch bridge has developed into a separated rib arch, and the bridge deck has developed into a new plate beam structure, which is supported on the arch rib by columns (through type) or suspended under the arch rib by suspenders (through type). When restricted by terrain or bridge construction height, it can also be made into a half-through arch bridge. Arch bridges can be single-span or multi-span.