(A) the true feelings of psychological training
1. The application of logical feeling
The logical relationship of a work mainly refers to the arrangement and conception of the article structure. To grasp the logical relationship of the article, we can start from the following four aspects:
(1) the hierarchical relationship between paragraphs, and see how the article is unfolded.
(2) The relationship between sentence groups, such as juxtaposition, progression and causal turning, mainly starts with function words.
(3) The use of notional words, especially the main verbs.
(4) The use of rhetorical methods.
2. Application of image perception
Images in works refer to tasks, events, landscapes, etc. These vivid images constantly affect our senses. When reading aloud, we need to mobilize these image objects to infect the audience and achieve the purpose of reading aloud.
3. The role of emotional feelings
When reading aloud, we should grasp the emotional clues of the works, determine the emotional tone when reading aloud, and also arouse the feelings of the audience. This unity of "three emotions" is the successful reading.
2. What should I pay attention to when reading prose? The essays of philosophers are mostly philosophical works, so they are also called philosophical essays. It is undoubtedly the task of philosophers to discuss them in detail. However, philosophers' essays are of great literary value in terms of style, language and structure, and have a far-reaching impact on later literature. However, a hundred schools of thought contend is not a literary school, and the differences between schools are mainly differences in political views, not differences in article styles and schools. It can even be said that bad articles sometimes have some similarities in genre and style; But everyone's articles in the same school are often very different. From the perspective of literary development, hundred schools of thought's essays have roughly gone through several stages: the quotation stage, with The Analects of Confucius and Mozi as the representative works. The latter began to mingle with plain discussion in the transcript. In the dialogue stage, the representative works are Mencius and Zhuangzi. The former began to transition from transcripts to dialogue and debate; The latter began to transition to a monograph with concentrated arguments. In the monograph stage, the representative works are Xunzi and Han Feizi. The length of these articles has generally increased, and the style has changed from simplicity to development.
Due to political and historical reasons, various schools of prose flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Since Zhou Pingwang moved eastward, the slave society began to shake, and the struggle between the emerging landlord class and the slave owner class was quite fierce. Representatives of all classes and strata put forward different views on political issues from the perspective of safeguarding the interests of their own classes and groups. Those in power openly practice their ideas; People who have no power also go to lobby and express their political views; Opponents of the views argue endlessly with each other, and at the same time, representatives of various political forces compete to write books and systematically expound their respective political views and positions. As a result, a hundred schools of thought contend, forming a new situation. In this regard, the History of Art and Literature has made a clear sense of smell: "There are ten philosophers, and only nine are considerable. It all started when the king was weak and the governors were in power. The monarch is in the world, and he likes and hates different ways. It is based on the skills of nine schools, each leading one end, worshiping its goodness, and so on, saying that it is one with the princes. Although his words are different, they will never go out. It is difficult to express the active thoughts of philosophers simply in the form of poetry, so the philosophical prose of argumentation and reasoning has developed greatly.
Ten philosophers in pre-Qin dynasty:
Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Fa, Ming, Mohism, Vertical and Horizontal, Agriculture, Miscellany, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, hundred schools of thought and Mozi.
Three stages in the development of pre-Qin philosophers' prose;
Late Spring and Autumn Period: mainly recorded The Analects of Confucius and Mozi.
Mid-Warring States Period: The quotations of Mencius and Zhuangzi developed into monographs.
Late Warring States Period: Monographs of Xunzi and Han Feizi
The first stage: The Analects of Confucius and Mozi
Transcript-based
The Analects of Confucius: a book mainly about Confucius' words and deeds, recorded by Confucius' disciples. The language is close to spoken English (dialogue between teachers and students) without much modification.
Mozi was also written by Mozi disciples. The article is simple, less literary, but logical, and good at reasoning with specific examples, which is a great progress in reasoning.
The second stage: The bibliography of Mencius Zhuangzi developed into a monograph.
Mencius: Actually, it is still a documentary, but Mencius was recorded on the spot and written by Mencius. It is a collective work, which uses a lot of dialogues and disputes between the two sides, which greatly promotes the development of prose to literary style.
Zhuangzi: Some of them still contain the shadow of refutation, but some chapters contain refutation, argument and answer, and clarify their views positively. They began to evolve into monographs, and China's papers were really established.
The third stage: monographs by Xunzi and Han Feizi.
Xunzi: There are many long articles, clear arguments, clear levels, complete syntax and rich vocabulary.
Han Feizi: Its prose is characterized by sharp edges, thorough exposition and pertinent reasoning.
1, got rid of the bibliography and became a monograph.
2. It is not a collective note of a school, but a personal collection of scholars.
3, not refuting the paper, but positive discussion.
3. Prose recitation should pay attention to what sounds are accurate and full, and cadence is the most basic. On the basis of fully understanding the prose thought, read aloud with thinking and reading; On the basis of accurately grasping the structure of prose, it is easy to read. The most important thing is to control and express emotions. The faint sadness needs to be released to arouse people's association, the full anger needs to be loud to make people sing, the joy that can't help but be forgotten needs to be shared, and the moment of meditation needs to be suppressed to bring others into meditation. In a word, it is essential to completely reproduce the emotional thoughts injected into the article by the author to others, carefully ponder and try again and again.
There is no fixed form of reading prose, but there are some basic skills, that is, first understand the overall idea of the article, and then regard yourself as the author and express the article in language!
Be sure to avoid the misunderstanding that "I just read the article". At first, I will have a sense of expression disorder, but I will get better if I practice slowly!
◎ Grading criteria for reading aloud
Pronunciation (including pronunciation tone) accounts for 50%
Momentum (including intonation) accounts for 40%
Manners (including manners, attitudes and expressions) account for 10%
First of all, sound
Pronunciation of 1-clear pronunciation and clear articulation.
Make the prefix, abdominal sound and ending sound clear when pronouncing.
Tone-the first and second tones of the national tone are lighter, higher and longer; The third and fourth notes are heavier and shorter.
Faster.
Second, the momentum: explore the author's mood, content changes, and choose the appropriate expression.
1 sentence reading-pause in mediation to strengthen persuasion.
If the sentence is too long, you can pause at the place that has the least influence on the meaning of the text.
2 the volume is appropriate
3 intonation-different ages, identities, feelings and speaking speed will show different feelings.
Determine the sound level according to the meaning of the text. Indicates that some words are heavier than others.
Yes, you can speak faster and lighter if it's not important, and you can also speak when it's important.
Especially lengthening or aggravating, this is the key point. )
Third, etiquette.
1 When going up and down: Smile, look around and dress neatly.
2 when reading aloud: you don't have to look at the audience at the same time, which will easily lead to missing sentences, but be careful not to cover the manuscript.
Facial expression.
◎ Preparation steps
1 Understand the content: get the title and browse it to understand the content and main idea of the article.
What makes us feel this way about some syntax and vocabulary?
Correct phonetic notation: check the uncertain notes.
Mark: How to express the feelings of joy, anger, sadness and joy?
Should the pitch be low or high?
Which sentence should be lengthened? Which sentence is suitable for brevity?
Where should we stop? Where should it be compact?
Where should I arrange loud and quiet? Fast, slow?
Main sentence reading.
4. Prose poetry recitation should pay attention to which sounds are accurate and full, and cadence is the most basic. On the basis of fully understanding the thought of Zhi Dao prose, read aloud with thinking and reading; On the basis of accurately grasping the structure of prose, it is easy to read. The most important thing is to control and express emotions. The faint sadness needs to be released to arouse people's association, the full anger needs to be loud to make people sing, the joy that can't help but be forgotten needs to be shared, and the moment of meditation needs to be suppressed to bring others into meditation. In short, it is essential to copy the emotional thoughts that the publisher injected into the article to others completely, carefully ponder and try again and again.
There is no fixed form for reading prose, but you can have some basic skills, that is, first understand the overall idea of the article before reading it, and then consider yourself as the author and express the article in language!
Be sure to avoid the misunderstanding that "I just read the article". At first, I will have a sense of expression disorder, but I will get better if I practice slowly!
5. What should I pay attention to when reciting ancient poems? First of all, we should fully understand the background of the poem, understand the emotion that the author wants to express, and then try to imagine ourselves as the author or the protagonist in the poem according to the specific sentence, truly experience the emotion of the poem and integrate ourselves into it. Naturally, you will get good grades in learning poetry. Recitation is an essential link. If you want to recite a poem well, you must master the skills of reciting, such as the level of tone, volume and sound.
Here are three examples to talk about the skills of poetry recitation. Example 1 Spring Dawn This is a metrical poem. When reciting this poem, you should pay attention to the clear pronunciation of each word and the rhythm of the poem.
Each line of verse can be regarded as three pauses: spring sleep/unconsciously/dawn, everywhere/smelling incense/singing birds. Night/rain/sound, flowers fall/know/how much.
When reading "Xiao, Bird, Whistle", the pronunciation should be appropriately prolonged, slightly chanting, so that the audience can feel the beauty of the rhyme of the poem. The first two sentences are what the poet saw when he woke up in the morning. When reciting, he should use a soft and soothing tone and the volume should not be too high.
The ending of the word "bird" can rise slightly, which shows that the poet sees a beautiful scene of beautiful spring and flowers. The poet remembered how many flowers had fallen in the garden because of the stormy weather last night.
When reading I don't know how many flowers have been folded, you should imagine a garden full of fallen flowers. We can reread the word "fallen flower" and then gradually lower the volume of the word "know how much" to show the poet's regret for the fallen flower.
6. What problems should be paid attention to in prose recitation? A very important place in prose recitation is the distinction of four tones and the control of tuning. Generally speaking, the expression of prose is rarely known for emotion, and it is often expressed implicitly by means of some other expressions. So the rhythm of the sound itself is often more important. Then we will pay more attention to the stress, the position of pause and breath, and the coherence of semantic expression. As for the speed of speech, I think so. The speed you think you are most comfortable with is the best. (Provided that there is no serious problem with your breathing, of course, you can't be too fast or too slow. )
As for feeling a little cold, I think the state of expression is not positive enough. Even if you read a word with four distinct tones, whether the state is positive or negative is completely different. You can record it yourself if you don't believe me.
7. Prose recitation should pay attention to what sounds are accurate and full, and cadence is the most basic.
On the basis of fully understanding the prose thought, read aloud with thinking and reading; On the basis of accurately grasping the structure of prose, it is easy to read. The most important thing is to control and express emotions.
The faint sadness needs to be released to arouse people's association, the full anger needs to be loud to make people sing, the joy that can't help but be forgotten needs to be shared, and the moment of meditation needs to be suppressed to bring others into meditation. In a word, it is essential to completely reproduce the emotional thoughts injected into the article by the author to others, carefully ponder and try again and again.
There is no fixed form of reading prose, but there are some basic skills, that is, first understand the overall idea of the article, and then regard yourself as the author and express the article in language! Be sure to avoid the misunderstanding that "I just read the article". At first, I will have a sense of expression disorder, but I will get better if I practice slowly! ◎ The standard pronunciation (including pronunciation tone) of reading aloud accounts for 50% of the momentum (including sentence intonation and writing style), 40% of the manners (including appearance, attitude and expression), 1 1% of the pronunciation (1)- clear pronunciation and clear articulation. Make the prefix, abdominal sound and ending sound clear when pronouncing.
Tone-the first and second tones of the national tone are lighter, higher and longer; The third and fourth notes are heavier, shorter and faster. Second, the momentum: explore the author's mood, content changes, and choose the appropriate expression.
1 sentence reading-pause in mediation to strengthen persuasion. If the sentence is too long, you can pause at the place that has the least influence on the meaning of the text.
2 appropriate volume 3 intonation-different ages, different identities, different feelings, and speaking speed will show different feelings. Determine the sound level according to the meaning of the text.
In order to express that some words are more important than others, you can say unimportant words faster or lighter, and when you meet important words, they will be particularly elongated or aggravated. This is the point. 3. Manners of going up and down 1: Smile, look around and dress neatly.
When reading aloud: You don't have to read it to the audience at the same time, which is easy to cause missing sentences, but you should pay attention to the manuscript not to cover your facial expressions. ◎ Preparation steps 1 Understanding the content: After getting the title, browse it to understand the content and main idea of the article, what it is, and what syntax and vocabulary are used to make us feel this way.
Correct phonetic notation: check the uncertain notes. Mark: How to express the feelings of joy, anger, sadness and joy? Should the pitch be low or high? Which sentence should be lengthened? Which sentence is suitable for brevity? Where should we stop? Where should it be compact and where should it be arranged to be loud and quiet? Fast, slow? Main sentence reading.
8. What problems should we pay attention to in prose recitation? A very important place in prose recitation is the distinction of four tones and the control of tuning.
Generally speaking, the expression of prose is rarely good at emotion, and it is often expressed implicitly with the help of some other expressions. So the rhythm of the sound itself is often more important.
Then we will pay more attention to the stress, the position of pause and breath, and the coherence of semantic expression. As for the speed of speech, I think so. The speed you think you are most comfortable with is the best.
(The premise is that your breath is not a big problem, and of course you should not be too fast or too slow. As for feeling a little cold, I think the state of expression is not positive enough. Even if you read a word with four distinct tones, whether the state is positive or negative is completely different.
You can record it yourself if you don't believe me.