Concept: Argumentative essay, also known as argumentative essay, is an essay genre that takes argumentation as the main expression and uses logical thinking to judge things.
Characteristics of argumentative writing: a common style that takes argumentation as the main expression and directly expresses the author's views and opinions through putting facts and reasoning. Theoretical content, logical structure and general language. Using vivid narration to indirectly express the author's thoughts and feelings is different from narrative writing, which focuses on introducing or explaining the shape, nature, causes and functions of things, and is also different from explanatory writing. In short, argumentative essays convince people with reason, and narrative essays convince people with emotion. Explanatory writing gives people knowledge.
Classification: Generally speaking, argumentative papers can be divided into political papers and academic papers. Generally speaking, argumentative essays mainly refer to political essays. Judging from the way of argumentation, argumentative writing can be divided into argumentative writing and refuting writing.
Elements: argument, argument, argument.
The examination of argumentative papers in the senior high school entrance examination mainly includes:
1. Refinement and judgment of central arguments and sub-arguments;
2. Grasp the basic structure of argument;
3. The relationship between the judgment and arrangement of arguments and arguments,
4. Judgment and demonstration methods and their functions;
5. Appreciate the language features of argumentative essays.
Second, about the argument:
It is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed and the soul of argumentative writing. Only by accurately grasping the arguments of the article can we understand the viewpoints and problems to be solved in the article. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. It is not difficult to distinguish the central argument from the sub-argument. The central argument is the outline, the sub-argument is the purpose, and the sub-argument is used to supplement or prove the central argument. There is a master-slave relationship between them. As long as we study the relationship between these arguments, we can see which is the master, which is the slave, which is the outline and which is the purpose.
The argument requires correctness and distinctiveness, and must reveal the essence of things correctly and scientifically; Grasp the key points; Targeted; According to the different situations of readers, establish arguments from different angles. Arguments must be clear judgments. Argumentation solves the problem of "what to prove" in argumentation.
Third, how to find out the arguments.
Find the right arguments and be clear;
1. The argument is different from the topic. A topic is the subject of discussion, while an argument is a clear judgment and a formally complete sentence. Argumentation cannot be a question, a phrase or a metaphor. For example, the first paragraph of Understanding Man's Spirit with Things puts forward that "how should China students learn natural science" is just a topic, and the argument of "Understanding Man's Spirit with Things" is a clear judgment.
In an argumentative essay, the central argument should be: ① a complete statement of the author's point of view; 2. Clear judgment; (3) is a complete sentence in form.
2. An article has only one central argument. It is necessary to distinguish between central arguments and sub-arguments. Sub-argument is an aspect of the central argument and serves the central argument.
3. The expression type of the central argument of the article.
Arguments in argumentative essays are generally put forward at the beginning of the article, and some are put forward at the end or in the middle of the article. The title of some articles is argument. However, in some articles, none of them is a clear statement, and several arguments need to be merged and refined. In other articles, the author's point of view is contained in the argument, which needs to be summarized by the readers themselves.
(1) articles with strong political arguments directly point out the central argument in the topic. In the body of the argumentative essay, the author puts forward the argument in the following ways: first, at the beginning, and second, at the end. The latter is a summary of the previous discussion. From the beginning, arguments were put forward in various ways and in different forms: some from a story, some from a phenomenon in working life ("One thing has more than one correct answer", first ask a question with four numbers, and then lead to the view that "one thing has more than one correct answer" through the analysis of several different answers), and some from a proverb (article "Dedication and Happiness", a speech draft). )。 These are all indirectly demonstrated from a certain material. In addition, the arguments put forward at the beginning can also be put forward without foreshadowing. For example, the first sentence of "Talking about Bone" shows the full-text argument: "We China people have backbone." Another is to put forward arguments in the process of discussion. Such as "think while doing", let it out at the beginning ... >>
Question 2: How to find the central argument How to find the central argument
At the beginning, the end, or the beginning of the second paragraph, you can often see the beginning and the end to judge whether it is the central argument. After reading the article, see if it is written around the central argument you put forward.
Question 3: How to find the central argument How to find the central argument
Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argument. Central argument, that is, the main viewpoints and propositions that the author wants to show. In argumentative writing, the central argument is king. This argument is used to prove the central argument. Grasping the central argument is undoubtedly the key to analyze and understand argumentative essays. Therefore, the action of finding the central argument is called "decapitation action"
There are two main types of central arguments in argumentative papers: indicative (the point expressed by a ready-made sentence in the article) and pregnant (integrated in the article, which can only be obtained through reading and induction).
How to find the central argument of argumentative writing? After understanding the definition and types of the central argument and the relationship between the central argument and the argument, the "decapitation action" began.
Because the indicative central argument generally appears in four places in the article, of course, I will look around here first:
First, put pen to paper, the topic is the central argument. "Fear of Nature" is about the relationship between man and nature, and the topic is the central argument of the article. The same is true of "frugality and morality" and "being born in sorrow and dying in happiness".
Second, the beginning is clear and the beginning is bright. Straight to the point is a common way to write an argumentative essay. The central arguments such as my belief, Ma Shuo, the difficult National Games and the heroic citizen appear at the beginning. At the end of the first section "dedication and happiness", I believe that the words "dedication and happiness" are the only way for human life. Reveal the central argument.
Third, the connecting link between the preceding and the following is obvious. In the middle part of doubt and learning, the central argument is put forward: "Doubt is not only …, but also …" Thought and Action also reveals the central argument in the middle part.
Fourth, peeling bamboo shoots to see the heart, the end of the article is the central argument. Some argumentative essays first put facts and reason, and finally talk about the matter, and summarize the central argument at the end of the article. It is still discussed on the basis of narration, which shows the author's point of view. Franklin's whistle ended with a central argument.
How to find the central argument of pregnancy;
First, summarize and draw out the central argument. The central argument of some argumentative papers is decomposed into several sub-arguments, which need us to analyze one by one, and then summarize the central argument comprehensively. A Letter to My Daughter and a speech commemorating the centenary of Voltaire's death belong to this category.
Second, trace the source and deduce the central argument. The central argument of some argumentative papers is not obvious, which needs to be summarized by analyzing the arguments used in the article, that is, analyzing what these arguments are to prove. This is the central argument of the article. The purpose of Fu Lei's two letters is to make my son a strong man. This is the central argument of the article.
"Catch the thief first and catch the king." As long as we grasp the connotation, general position and relationship with the central argument, we can find the central argument quickly and accurately, and the "decapitation action" will be completed.