1, distribution center planning
The low-carbon environmental protection of logistics center is mainly reflected in planning and design, warehouse construction, operation and management, and the use of energy-saving equipment. Whether it is a self-use logistics center built by production or circulation enterprises or a public logistics center built by third-party logistics or real estate developers, it is a node in the logistics network and a distribution center for a large number of materials. Therefore, to build a logistics center and achieve the goal of low-carbon environmental protection and sustainable development, we must first make a good layout plan.
The location of logistics center is the most critical, which should not only consider regional economic development and urban planning, but also pay attention to the present situation of transportation network and logistics facilities. Only when the layout of logistics center is scientific and reasonable can we save transportation costs and reduce energy consumption. Generally speaking, the layout of logistics centers is too dense, which will increase the number of transportation, thus increasing resource consumption; If the layout is too loose, it will reduce the transportation efficiency and increase the empty driving rate.
A logistics center is a place where goods are stored and distributed. When selecting the site, we should choose the area with convenient transportation and close to the market or customers, so as to shorten the transportation distance, reduce the transportation cost, reduce the urban traffic pressure, reduce the automobile exhaust emission and realize low carbon and environmental protection. Moreover, the proper location of logistics center can greatly reduce the cost of enterprise supply chain, thus improving the response speed and operational safety.
In addition, the construction of logistics center should also fully consider its impact on the local environment. For example, when selecting a site, we should make full use of the existing terrain and not destroy the original vegetation and water and soil. Some specialized logistics centers will consider more environmental factors, such as dangerous goods warehouses should not be located near important water sources and so on.
For the planner of logistics center, in order to save energy and reduce emissions, it is also necessary to do a good job in the process optimization and dynamic design of logistics center, minimize the walking distance of goods in the process of warehousing, shelving, picking and warehousing, and avoid unnecessary operations.
2. Construction of logistics center facilities
Building facilities are an important carrier of logistics center, and the planning and construction of warehouse plays a vital role in realizing green environmental protection of logistics center. The concept of green building is mainly embodied in the following aspects. First, in the selection of warehouse building materials, more and more enterprises advocate the use of renewable resources, various new environmental protection materials and recyclable building materials, including the use of high reflectivity roofs, recyclable steel, ALC boards (heat absorbing materials) and so on. In order to prevent heat conduction inside and outside warehouses and reduce energy consumption, many warehouses, especially low-temperature logistics centers, have adopted thermal insulation materials. Second, we can also pursue environmental protection everywhere in the lighting, cooling and heating, water and electricity consumption of warehouses. For example, the roof with solar panels can collect the hot solar energy during the day and convert it into electric energy for internal use in the logistics center. At night, the accumulated solar energy can also meet the power demand of street lamps outside the logistics center. In addition, in order to save electricity, the logistics center will also use energy-saving lamps to replace ordinary fluorescent lamps.
The Tesco Green Logistics Center in Jiashan, Zhejiang Province is a model of environmental protection. The logistics center adopts energy-saving design as a whole, and applies a large number of green energy-saving technologies and equipment including renewable energy, including ground source heat pumps, solar panels, solar street lamps and other renewable energy. Among them, the ground source heat pump system uses geothermal resources to realize central heating and cooling, and geothermal energy provides heat source for the ground source heat pump in winter and cools the air in summer. A giant energy-saving fan with a diameter of 7.5 meters is installed at the top of the cargo distribution and loading and unloading area of the warehouse to blow air to the ground, prevent heat from accumulating on the roof, accelerate indoor air circulation, make it warm in winter and cool in summer, and reduce the demand for traditional heating and cooling equipment. In terms of lighting, the logistics center uses the latest and most energy-saving lighting technology T5, which is obtained from the fluorescent lighting industry. Under almost the same wattage, the lumen per watt is higher than that of the traditional T8 lamp, which makes the lighting energy cost lower. Lux unit is used to measure illumination, which avoids over-illumination and reduces energy consumption by ensuring the most suitable brightness in each activity area.
3, warehouse type selection
In the choice of warehouse types, multi-storey warehouse can use land intensively and efficiently, which is more environmentally friendly than ordinary warehouse. At the IFWLA annual meeting in Rome (20 12), Professor Francesco Filippi pointed out that the warehouse design in Europe is changing, and the warehouse is getting bigger and higher. The narrow shelf lane design and the introduction of automated warehouse system have improved the utilization efficiency of warehouse land and space (increased floor area ratio) and reduced it by 25% ~. At home, the development of three-dimensional warehouse is also accelerating, and the advanced technology and equipment from abroad are constantly adopted.
For example, Prologis, the largest provider and service provider of modern logistics facilities in Asia, introduced the international advanced multi-storey warehouse design concept in the Prologis International Logistics Park project of Yantian Port in cooperation with Yantian Port Group, and adopted the spiral lane design, so that vehicles can directly load and unload goods at all floors of the warehouse. Compared with the traditional multi-storey warehouse using elevators or lifts, the warehouse with direct track design can help customers improve loading and unloading efficiency, improve space utilization and ensure adequate parking spaces.
At present, there are many green building standards for warehouse construction, such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standard of American Green Building Association. Japan's CAS Bee (Comprehensive Assessment System of Building Environmental Efficiency) standard and Breeam (Environmental Assessment Method of Building Research Institute) standard, as well as the standards of EU countries and so on. With the formulation and improvement of relevant standards in China, it can be predicted that the construction of green warehouse will gradually evolve into a future trend.
4. Friendly environment and attention to detail
In daily operation and management, improving the internal and external environment of logistics center is also an important content. Often, the improvement of some details will have obvious effects, such as planting various vegetation around the logistics center to improve the overall greening rate, using circulating rainwater for greening irrigation, using solar energy and wind power generation, and so on. Many logistics centers built by Japan Dafu (Group) Company, the world's leading logistics system integrator, have adopted high-tech drainage treatment facilities, and all sewage can be discharged into local rivers after comprehensive treatment. The drainage treatment facility adopts a dryer with strong drying effect to reduce the water content and total amount of sludge and ensure that the drainage meets the strict local discharge standards. Sediments such as soil produced in drainage treatment are recycled as raw materials for cement production.
Dafu also carefully considered making full use of the roof space of the warehouse for greening. For example, the suspended ceiling above the parking lot in the delivery area of the logistics center adopts stripe structure, white stripes can penetrate natural light to improve lighting conditions, and the dark part has paved the lawn due to greening. This can not only absorb the exhaust gas and heat energy emitted by vehicles, effectively alleviate the heat island phenomenon, but also effectively use the space of the logistics center.
The construction of friendly environment also includes improving the working environment of logistics center, such as providing comfortable and healthy workplace for employees by using natural light, cultivating green plants and controlling indoor air quality. In the summer of 20 12, SF Express (Group) Co., Ltd., a well-known domestic express delivery company, took the lead in setting off an "environmental optimization wind" in the logistics industry.
The hot weather in summer makes the logistics center have to face the problem of how to cool down. On the one hand, traditional refrigeration equipment, such as air conditioners and fans, consumes a lot of electricity and has high operating costs; On the other hand, due to the large storage area, the traditional cooling equipment can not completely solve the cooling problem of large space. Under such circumstances, front-line sorting, warehousing and distribution workers suffer from heatstroke in the hot summer. In order to improve the working conditions of employees and ensure their health, SF Express adopted a spray cooling system in East China Logistics Sorting Center to cool the environment. It is understood that the spray cooling system is an environmental protection cooling supporting product developed by Shanghai Tengbang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., which consists of DRF environmental space optimization system and CFT cooling terminal. According to the characteristics of regional logistics sorting centers in SF, Tengbang environmental technicians tailor-made "indoor environment optimization scheme" to realize the optimization of regional environmental space temperature through low-carbon and environmentally-friendly pure physical means. Relevant data show that the spray released by the spray cooling system can cover 30 square meters, which can reduce the body temperature in the area by 5℃~ 10℃, making the logistics center more environmentally friendly and humanized.
5, environmental protection equipment, improve operation.
In the green logistics center, in order to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, some logistics equipment, such as clean fuel or electric forklift, which is harmless to human body, has little impact on the environment, has simple product structure and can be recycled without reducing its function.
Using green packaging can improve the recycling rate of packaging materials, effectively control resource consumption and avoid environmental pollution, such as using high-strength corrugated paper instead of wooden pallets as packaging materials. Pallets made of this material can be directly thrown away as ordinary garbage or recycled as valuable waste after the goods are delivered to customers. In addition, this kind of tray has the advantages of portability, safety and saving storage space.
In warehousing, with the deepening of environmental protection concept and the development and use of new equipment, the traditional logistics operation mode has achieved new changes. In the logistics center, goods in and out of the warehouse, picking, loading and unloading and other links, as far as possible to avoid damage to goods, thereby reducing the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by waste. In addition, operations such as invalid handling are eliminated through process optimization, and mechanized and automated equipment are used reasonably to keep the logistics balance smooth.
Because energy conservation and environmental protection are the important trends of logistics equipment development in the future, many equipment manufacturers are committed to the research and development and promotion of "green" products while maintaining product performance, which is reflected in saving energy consumption and reducing carbon emissions. For example, the H-class stacker of Japan's Taifook Company has reduced its weight by 20% and energy consumption by more than 10% by optimizing its main structure and adopting new materials. At the same time, due to the adoption of new motor and high-speed parking damping module, its running speed has increased by 5%~ 10%, and the improvement of processing capacity has brought about the reduction of the number of stackers in the overall planning of logistics system, which has fundamentally realized energy conservation and environmental protection.
Generally speaking, the realization of the concept of "green" logistics center not only stays at the level of environmental optimization and energy-saving and environment-friendly warehouse construction, but also reflects in the rational planning of logistics center, the optimization of logistics operation process and the use of energy-saving logistics equipment and technology. We believe that with the continuous improvement of environmental awareness of the whole society, the construction, management and operation of logistics centers will pay more attention to environmental friendliness. Low-carbon and energy-saving green logistics center will become the long-term planning and practice of more enterprises.