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What are the modern separation and analysis techniques?
What are the modern separation and analysis techniques? The relevant contents are as follows:

1. chromatographic analysis technology

Gas chromatography (GC):

According to the separation degree of sample in gaseous carrier gas flow, GC uses the interaction difference of sample molecules in fixed packing (chromatographic column) to separate components. It is widely used in the analysis of organic matter and biomolecules.

Liquid chromatography (HPLC, LC-MS):

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) uses the difference of components in liquid mobile phase to realize separation on chromatographic column. LC-MS combines liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of analysis.

2. Electrophoresis analysis technology

Gel electrophoresis:

Gel electrophoresis realizes separation by analyzing the migration rate difference of biological macromolecules in electric field, and is used for the analysis of DNA, RNA and other macromolecules.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE):

Capillary electrophoresis is an efficient separation technology, which separates sample components based on the migration rate difference of fluid in capillary, and is applied to pharmaceutical analysis, biochemical analysis and other fields.

3. Mass spectrometry technology

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS):

Combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, compounds can be separated and identified, and are often used in drug analysis, environmental monitoring and other fields.

Liquid mass spectrometry (LC-MS):

Combined with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, compounds can be separated and identified, which has high sensitivity and resolution for biological samples and macromolecular analysis.

4. Molecular sieve separation technology

Molecular sieves are widely used in biochemistry, pharmacy and other fields, and substances are separated by their molecular size, shape and other characteristics, such as gel filtration chromatography and ultrafiltration.

5. Supercritical fluid technology

Supercritical fluid chromatography, supercritical fluid extraction and other technologies use the characteristics of supercritical fluid to realize the separation and extraction of substances.

These separation and analysis techniques have their own characteristics and are widely used in different fields. They play an important role in drug research and development, environmental monitoring, food safety and life science research, and provide reliable analytical means for scientific research and industrial production. With the continuous progress and development of technology, these technologies are also developing, which improves the sensitivity, accuracy and speed of analysis and brings more possibilities for scientific research and engineering practice.