At present, economic globalization has become a recognized historical phenomenon and process, but whether economic globalization will bring the development trend of cultural globalization has become one of the most controversial concepts so far. People have different opinions about this, and there are countless related academic works. Up to now, there is no unified definition. In fact, Marx pointed out more than a hundred years ago: "The mode of production of material life restricts the whole process of social life, political life and economic life. It is not human consciousness that determines human existence. On the contrary, human social existence determines human consciousness. " [1] So, since social existence determines social consciousness, with the change of social existence, social consciousness will change accordingly sooner or later. Therefore, as long as we acknowledge the existence of globalization in economic life, we cannot deny the development trend of globalization in social, political and cultural fields. It can be said that cultural globalization, like economic, political and social globalization, is an important part of the historical process of globalization and the inevitable result of economic globalization. However, cultural globalization is not the convergence of global national cultures, but the large-scale exchange and interaction of different national cultures in the process of economic globalization. This kind of cultural blending does not mean that the culture of one nation is integrated into the culture of another, which leads to the disappearance of this or that national culture or weakens its own culture; On the contrary, it is in this blending that the national culture becomes stronger and more energetic by absorbing the beneficial contents of foreign cultures. The globalization of culture makes the cultures of various ethnic groups and regions constantly break through the limitations of the region and mode of their own national cultures and go to the world, transforming the resources of their own national cultural regions into resources shared by human beings, and accelerating the exchange and interaction of different cultures at the global level. The strong position of western culture does not mean that the world must be westernized. No matter how fierce the momentum and impact of foreign culture is, it is impossible to annihilate national culture. On the contrary, it is possible for national culture to absorb new nutrients and achieve new glory in the collision and exchange with foreign cultures.
2 opportunities and challenges faced by China culture
2. 1 opportunity; China culture is the beneficiary of cultural globalization.
China culture is an important part of the world culture, which is developed through interaction and communication with other cultures in the world. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, China culture can absorb the outstanding cultural achievements of the world with a broader mind and participate in the process of cultural globalization with a more open mind. Cultural globalization has brought many new development opportunities to China's cultural development, and also brought some unprecedented new situations and changes to China's cultural development. China culture is the beneficiary of cultural globalization.
2. 1. 1 New cultural trends in China.
The influence of cultural globalization on China culture is enormous. Driven by the wave of cultural globalization, China culture has exchanged dialogues with different cultures in the world, learning from each other's strong points, and achieved cultural development and progress. Among them, the new trend of cultural development in China is a good trend of cultural development in China. Mainly in the following aspects:
1) From closed to open. Under the background of cultural globalization, the cultural development of China cannot be in a closed space. Globalization has brought China into an unprecedented open era, which constitutes the interactive relationship between China and the outside world. This means that China culture is no longer a closed and self-sufficient system, but a national culture in an open and interactive cultural globalization network.
2) From tradition to modernity. The culture of China has a history of thousands of years. Based on feudal social civilization, it gradually formed in the long ancient history. Entering the modern society, with the arrival of the era of cultural globalization and the great collision between Chinese and Western cultures, China culture has been impacted and blended from political, economic and cultural levels, and gradually moved from tradition to modernity. The modernization of China's traditional culture requires that the outstanding elements of Chinese traditional culture should be transformed into cultural value resources with global significance, keep up with the pace of cultural globalization, constantly update and develop without losing its own traditional characteristics, and make unique contributions to world culture. It is an inevitable requirement of historical development for China culture to move from tradition to modernity. Although the road is bumpy, it will eventually be completed.
3) From singleness to pluralism. Thousands of years of absolutism in China formed the tradition of ideological unity. As a result, modern China is intolerant and rigid, which makes him unable to absorb all possible nutrients and make him thrive. However, with the development of cultural globalization, China culture will inevitably change the concept of "great unity" in China traditional culture, from a unitary thinking mode to a pluralistic thinking mode, and from a single thinking mode to a diverse thinking mode.
2. 1.2 China's cultural development has gained new impetus.
The process of cultural globalization has broken the boundaries of all ethnic groups and brought the cultures of all ethnic groups into a wave of great exchange and integration. With China's cultural opening to the outside world, its contacts with other countries, regions and ethnic groups are increasing, and its exchanges are becoming more and more frequent. Some new technologies, new ideas and new concepts in the world have also been introduced into China, injecting fresh blood into the cultural development of China and becoming a new driving force for the cultural development of China.
1) China's cultural development has acquired new technologies. It is the rapid development of transportation and communication means that enables cultural exchange and communication to be realized in a wider range and more fields in a faster way, making the trend of cultural globalization more and more obvious. New technologies that lead to contemporary cultural exchange and cultural interaction include: digitalization of information and images, satellite broadcasting and long-distance telephone systems, new cable and optical fiber technologies, and the combination of computers and communication networks. Driven by the wave of cultural globalization, these new technologies, especially advanced information technology and network technology, have been introduced into China and widely used.
2) China's cultural development has gained new ideas. The process of cultural globalization is accompanied by the process of modernization, and the concept of modernization is still our constant pursuit until today. Today, the process of cultural globalization provides a new concept for China culture. In the era of cultural globalization, the main body of human culture is all mankind. As a result, the global consciousness and concept in the era of cultural globalization came into being. China culture should and must establish a global cultural development concept. Whether in the political or social fields, we should strengthen the cultivation of the concepts of harmony, dialogue and cooperation. In China, the construction of a "harmonious society" and the recent construction of a "harmonious world" and "harmonious culture" are closely related to the influence of this global concept.
2.2 challenges; China culture as a victim of cultural globalization.
The process of cultural globalization is dual. On the one hand, it represents the development trend of human culture, on the other hand, it has a strong tendency of western centralism value, so the consequences it brings are bound to be twofold. There is a simple reason. Globalization began in the west. Today's globalization factors mostly come from the changes of western historical society itself. Globalization is a natural process of self-development of western culture. For other cultures in the non-western world, it is an artificial process that is forced to accept under the pressure of external forces. Therefore, in the process of globalization, the dialogue between different cultures is extremely unequal. China has a long history and splendid culture. It is the only country in the world that has not interrupted the development of ancient culture. But for more than a century, it has faced the same situation as other ancient civilizations in the world, reluctantly giving up the traditional agricultural economy and integrating into the tide of world industrialization. This process will inevitably face the conflict between national culture and western culture, thus making our cultural development face various impacts and challenges.
(A) the influence of traditional culture
Compared with foreign culture, traditional culture is local culture, that is, national culture; Compared with modern culture, it refers to the culture formed in history and popular to this day. It mainly refers to the culture with Confucianism as the main body, and its essence is the idea of "great unity", which was formed in the practice of the Chinese nation throughout history and was conceived, matured, completed and sublimated with the emergence, formation and evolution of the Chinese nation and its civilization. Without traditional culture, China culture will become rootless grass, and it is difficult to form a systematic cultural system in the constantly updated new cultural factors. We must pay attention to the profound influence of cultural globalization on China's traditional culture. While seeing the opportunity, we should pay more attention to the impact and challenge it brings, which is the need to formulate a strategy suitable for China's cultural development.
The influence of ideology
Ideology is the ideological superstructure of society, and it is a theoretical system formed by a certain society or a certain social class and group based on their own fundamental interests and consciously reflecting the existing social relations. The influence of China's Marxism or socialist ideology is manifested in the following two aspects: First, western ideology and various ideological trends have seriously threatened China's socialist ideology. Western capitalist countries headed by the United States are very aware of the importance of ideology. They regard China as "the main newly rising rival" and the biggest obstacle to dominate the world. While basically easing the military and political confrontation and devoting to economic and scientific cooperation, it also intensified the infiltration and disintegration of socialist ideology and launched an "ideological war without smoke". Second, the influence of the export of western strong culture on China's socialist ideology. After the end of the cold war, the contest of comprehensive national strength with cultural power as the core has become an important phenomenon. Historical experience has proved that if Marxism does not occupy the ideological field, all kinds of non-Marxism will. However, China's socialist construction can only be guided by Marxism. We must correctly treat the position and role of ideology in national interests and objectively treat various non-socialist ideologies.
(C) Values are affected
Values are the core content of culture and the standard value system that all members of a group abide by. China culture has group-oriented values, and people should be treated with "humility and respect". Do things steadily, act in line with your own identity, and strictly follow the rules defined by society; Be "self-disciplined" in life, follow the rules, be content with the status quo, and don't be sharp-edged. Contrary to China culture, western culture emphasizes individualism, the pursuit of freedom, equality, individual rights, the free development of individuality, and the realization of individual self-worth and free entrepreneurship. With the development of cultural globalization, the collision of eastern and western cultural values is inevitable, which affects the development of contemporary society in China. Therefore, it is very important to respect the diversity of cultural values, gradually establish the people's recognition of the basic concepts and values of socialism through certain ways and means, and enhance the cohesion, centripetal force and appeal of the people to resist the impact of decadent western values.
3 "Harmony but Difference" cultural trend
There is no doubt that we are already in the process of globalization. History is independent of human will, and global integration is the process and destination of its development. However, the cultural integration and the generation of world culture in the era of globalization do not mean the complete extinction of local cultures of all ethnic groups, nor does it mean the establishment of a unified world culture with ethnic differences. As we have analyzed above, the idea and behavior of promoting cultural hegemony are doomed to failure. Only by realizing the equal exchange and coexistence of multiculturalism can countries live in harmony. Faced with this situation, what should be the cultural road of contemporary China and how should the culture of contemporary China develop? This paper holds that it is an inevitable trend of contemporary China's cultural development to persist in seeking common ground while reserving differences and achieve cultural harmony, that is, "harmony without difference" as Confucius said.
In the process of participating in cultural globalization, for every nation-state, there is a problem of correctly handling the relationship between global cultural unity and national cultural diversity. On this issue, China's ancient thought of "harmony but difference" provided valuable spiritual resources for multicultural development under the trend of cultural globalization. "Harmony but Difference" comes from The Analects of Confucius? Luz: "A gentleman is harmonious but different, and a villain is harmonious but different." He believes that a moral and learned gentleman who practices "loyalty and forgiveness" with "harmony" should be able to live in harmony in differences; And immoral and uneducated people often force others to accept his ideas and can't live in harmony. "Mandarin?" JUNG WOO said that if you are integrated with real creatures, you will not continue. "That is to say, everything is made up of different elements. Only homogeneity, without distinction, opposition and lack of heterogeneity, is difficult to survive. Extending this understanding to different cultural traditions means acknowledging the differences between different cultural heritages, seeking common ground while reserving differences on the basis of "differences" and achieving "harmony" in order to make it develop. If we blindly pursue the same form, it will not develop, but will lead to decline.
The idea of "harmony but difference" holds that all cultures and nations in the world should be harmonious but different, different but not conflicting, harmonious but different, different and complementary. What human society needs today is that different cultures can develop different cultural traditions through mutual absorption and integration, so as to realize the birth of culture on a new basis. The concept of "harmony but difference" just reflects the requirements of the concept of cultural life, and it is a cultural tradition that can be exchanged on an equal footing, regardless of strength. This idea points out the direction for us to deal with the relationship between different cultures and develop national culture in the era of cultural globalization. Facing the great challenge of cultural development in the new century, "harmony without difference" emphasizes that people in different ethnic countries have different traditional cultures and believe in different values. As long as we don't confront each other, we will add new colors and vitality to the contemporary world. Diversity and identity are equally indispensable to the human system and the human beings who live and work in this system. Dealing with the relationship between different cultures with the principle of "harmony without difference" is not only of positive significance for eliminating contradictions, conflicts and even wars, but also promotes the cultural development of various countries and nations in exchanges. Only by adhering to the road of cultural development of "harmony but difference" can cultural globalization have strong vitality and vigor, otherwise, the process of cultural globalization will lose its vitality or even dry up.
4 abstract
As a controversial proposition, some people oppose cultural globalization, while others agree. Whether it is admitted or not, economic globalization is always accompanied by cultural globalization, and the emergence of cultural globalization is an indisputable objective reality. The key to the problem is how to correctly understand and understand the process and development trend of cultural globalization. Cultural globalization is a process in which national culture constantly breaks through the limitations of their respective geographical boundaries and modes and goes to the world. In this process, there are not only the simultaneous effects of conflict and integration, but also the two-way interaction between world culture and national culture, cultural unity and diversity. The history of human cultural development proves that it is not feasible to reject cultural globalization and implement cultural isolation. Only by actively participating in the process of cultural globalization can China culture develop through reform and opening up. Cultural globalization is both an opportunity and a challenge for China's cultural development. In this regard, we should make full use of the favorable conditions and opportunities brought by cultural globalization, boldly absorb and draw lessons from the beneficial cultural elements that meet the needs of China's cultural development, and at the same time, we must never ignore western culture. Especially the influence of western hegemonic culture headed by the United States on the cultural development of China. Establishing the cultural concept of diversity, complementarity and peaceful coexistence, and promoting the common development of different cultures in the world while seeking common ground while reserving differences, is a new concept pursued by China's cultural development. At the same time, on the basis of maintaining the independence of national culture, we will constantly formulate new strategies for China's cultural development and push China's culture to the world.