Solar photovoltaic power generation system continuously converts the received solar radiation into electric energy through its built-in solar cells (also called photovoltaic cells). This system is called solar cell power generation system, which can also be called solar photovoltaic power generation system. Chapin DM, Fuller CS and Pearson GL of Bell Laboratories successfully developed the world's first practical single-crystal silicon pn junction solar cell in 1954, which marked a new historical stage of solar photovoltaic application research. Subsequently, photovoltaic power generation has been applied in many fields. Recently, the key projects in the research and development and application of photovoltaic power generation market in China mainly include: large-scale ground photovoltaic power station, household photovoltaic power supply, microwave communication relay station photovoltaic power supply, optical cable communication station photovoltaic power supply, oil and gas pipeline cathodic protection photovoltaic power supply, railway signal and communication photovoltaic power supply, beacon lamp photovoltaic power supply, village photovoltaic power supply, frontier post photovoltaic power supply, meteorological station photovoltaic power supply, satellite TV receiving station and TV differential turntable photovoltaic power supply, expressway facilities and road shift photovoltaic power supply. First, the necessity of the application of solar photovoltaic power generation in the power supply system of civil residence. The power supply facilities in many remote rural areas or mountainous areas in China are extremely incomplete and basically in a state of no electricity. People's daily life and social production often cannot be carried out smoothly because of lack of electricity. However, if these remote areas have sufficient sunshine conditions, we can adopt more advanced solar photovoltaic power supply system and corresponding equipment to solve the problems of electricity consumption and distribution in daily life. Although the power supply facilities and power supply level in some relatively large urban areas have been improved to a certain extent, in some old residential areas, due to planning and design problems, the capacity of load switches is generally small, which leads to the frequent tripping of residential power systems in those areas due to overload operation, which will burn switches, wires, etc., and there are potential safety hazards. Moreover, the use density of some houses is very high, and the space reserved for power supply facilities is very small, so it is very difficult to rearrange the power supply and distribution lines in the houses, let alone increase the power supply lines. Therefore, the application of solar photovoltaic power supply system is the most ideal way to solve the problem of electricity consumption in such houses. Second, the characteristics of solar photovoltaic power generation system According to the application type, solar photovoltaic power generation system can be divided into independent photovoltaic power generation system and dying photovoltaic power generation system. Its main features are as follows. (1) can effectively ensure the stability of power grid voltage. Solar photovoltaic power generation system can effectively improve the power factor of the power grid by peaking the power grid, ensure the voltage stability at the end of the power grid, and then prevent the occurrence of power grid clutter. (2) The input cost of the battery pack can be greatly reduced. The solar photovoltaic power generation system can efficiently integrate the generated energy into the power grid, and the device for storing electric energy in the power grid can reduce the input cost of the battery pack. (3) Resource allocation can be optimized to the maximum extent. The photovoltaic cells of solar photovoltaic power generation system can be perfectly combined with architectural design. Usually, the rated voltage of each solar panel is set to 1V ~ 3V, and the voltage can be adjusted to 30V~50V DC after series or parallel connection, and then connected to the inverter and controller. In this way, Taineng panels can be used as decorative materials for architectural design, and can also play its role in power generation, so that resources can be optimally combined and configured to the maximum extent, killing two birds with one stone. (4) It can ensure the flexibility of entering and leaving the power grid. Solar photovoltaic power generation system can effectively solve the problem of excessive power load in the power supply system of civil residence, keep the load balance of the power supply system and reduce the power loss in the power supply line. (5) It can protect the environment to the maximum extent. Solar photovoltaic power generation system can make full use of inexhaustible renewable solar energy resources and avoid further deterioration of resource shortage; Secondly, solar photovoltaic power generation itself does not need any fuel, nor does it produce pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nor does it pollute the air. Finally, solar photovoltaic power generation adopts automatic control technology, which does not need any mechanical rotating parts, has no noise and will not cause noise pollution to the civil residential environment. Three. Introduction of working principle of solar photovoltaic power generation system 1. Working principle of solar cell in solar photovoltaic power generation The energy converter of solar photovoltaic power generation is solar cell, also known as photovoltaic cell. The principle of solar cell power generation is photovoltaic effect. When sunlight (or other light) shines on the solar cell, the cell absorbs light energy and produces photo-generated electron-hole pairs. Under the action of the built-in electric field in the battery, photogenerated electrons and holes are separated, and charges with different symbols are accumulated at both ends of the battery, which produces "photovoltaic voltage", which is the "photovoltaic effect". If electrodes are led out on both sides of the built-in electric field and connected to the load, the load will have "photovoltaic current" to flow out, thus obtaining power output. In this way, the light energy of the sun can be directly converted into usable electric energy. The working principle of solar cells to convert light energy into electric energy can be summarized as follows: first, after a certain number of photons are absorbed by solar cells, electron-hole pairs are generated in semiconductors, which can be called "photo-generated carriers". Their electrical properties are opposite, with electrons negatively charged and holes positively charged; Second, the photo-generated carriers with opposite electrical properties are separated by the electrostatic field generated by the semiconductor pn junction; Thirdly, the photo-generated carrier electrons and holes are collected by the anode and cathode of the solar cell respectively, and current is generated in the external circuit, so as to obtain electric energy. 2. Main operation modes of ground solar photovoltaic power generation system The main operation modes of ground solar photovoltaic power generation system can be divided into two categories: off-grid operation and grid-connected operation. The solar power generation system that is not connected to the public power grid is a solar photovoltaic power generation system that operates out of the power grid, and can also be called an independent solar photovoltaic power generation system. This power generation system is mainly used in areas far away from other public power grids, such as remote rural areas, mountainous areas, islands and pastoral areas not covered by public power grids. In addition, it can also provide daily electric energy for communication relay stations, border defense stations, weather stations and other places. Those power generation systems interconnected with the public power grid are solar photovoltaic power generation systems running in the network, which can also be called grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems. This power generation system can continuously convert the direct current output by the array in its own solar cells into alternating current with the same voltage as the public power grid, and realize the interconnection between the solar power generation system and the public power grid, and continuously transmit the generated electric energy to the public power grid. The application of this power generation system is the result of the large-scale development and commercial development of solar photovoltaic power generation system, which has broad market prospects, is one of the important directions of power industry development in the future, and is also the main trend of international power development. 3. Advantages of solar photovoltaic power generation system The main advantages of solar photovoltaic power generation system are: there is no danger of resource exhaustion, it is absolutely clean (no pollution, except storage batteries), it is not limited by the geographical distribution of resources, it can generate electricity near the power consumption place, the energy quality is high, the user's mood is easy to accept, the energy acquisition time is short, and the power supply system is reliable. At the same time, the power generation system also has many shortcomings: the distribution density of solar energy is small, and the amount of energy that can be obtained has a great relationship with meteorological conditions such as environment, season, weather, day and night, sunny and rainy, and the cost is relatively high. The above characteristics of solar power generation determine the advantages and limitations of solar photovoltaic power generation and power supply system in application. 4. Application of solar photovoltaic power generation system in power supply of civil residence 1. It can be applied to the power supply system of high-rise residential buildings and multi-storey residential buildings. High-rise residence is the symbol of the development of modern science and technology, and it is logical to apply solar power generation and power supply system. Integrated structural design and solar power generation complement each other in high-rise buildings. In most high-rise buildings, the photovoltaic array of solar power generation system is installed on the roof or balcony of the house. Usually, the output end of its inverter controller is connected in parallel with the public power grid to supply power to the building in the same direction. This is the primary form of the combination of photovoltaic system and building. With the development of solar photovoltaic power generation technology in recent years, photovoltaic modules are combined with building materials to make roofs, external walls and windows. By using special materials and technical means, it can be directly used as building materials, further reducing the cost of power generation, realizing its functions, and also playing a role in decorating the appearance of buildings. 2. It can be used in the power supply system of rural houses. Rural buildings in China are mainly bungalows, which are suitable for installing solar photovoltaic power generation systems. Lighting, ventilation, psychological safety distance and residents' fire demand must be considered during installation. 20 10 June, the first rural grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation project in China started construction in Yongkang Town, Zhongwei, Ningxia, as shown in figure 1. This project adopts the installation method of combining solar module with architecture. V. Application prospect of solar photovoltaic power generation in power supply system of civil residence At present, the world solar photovoltaic power generation market has developed. In the past 10 years, the production of solar cell modules in solar photovoltaic power generation system increased by 33% annually on average. Solar photovoltaic power generation has become one of the fastest-growing high-tech industries in the world. Countries all over the world have made short-term development plans for solar photovoltaic power generation, and strive to realize the integration of solar photovoltaic power generation technology and civil residential power supply system. Because the total energy consumption of domestic buildings accounts for 28% of the total energy consumption in China, and the solar energy resources in China are relatively rich and widely distributed, the application of solar photovoltaic power generation in the power supply system of civil residential buildings can meet the power demand of the power supply system itself, which will greatly change the current situation of high energy consumption of civil residential buildings in China. Therefore, the application of solar photovoltaic power generation in civil residential power supply system has broad development prospects and is worth popularizing and developing. To sum up, as a clean, safe and renewable green new energy, solar photovoltaic power generation will be widely used in the power supply system of civil residential buildings in China with the continuous research and development of photovoltaic modules in China's construction industry. It is believed that in the near future, with the vigorous promotion of relevant authorities in China, the integration of solar photovoltaic power generation and civil residential buildings will rise on a large scale, and solar energy will become a necessary energy source for the development of the construction industry and one of the conventional energy sources in China.