Disaster is a special phenomenon of human society, and the loss of various disasters in the world is as high as hundreds of billions of dollars every year. Its occurrence has brought serious human and financial losses to human society and aggravated social instability. Faced with a wide variety of disasters, the role of civil engineering in disaster prevention and mitigation is obvious, and it achieves the purpose of disaster prevention and mitigation through certain engineering technology. Many disciplines involved in civil engineering disaster prevention and their own attributes have become an important force in disaster prevention and mitigation. At the same time, Committee member the State Council listed "disaster prevention and mitigation" as a two disciplines under the first-class discipline of civil engineering. It can be seen that disaster prevention and mitigation is a global problem that needs people's attention, and civil engineering should give play to its own advantages in disaster prevention and mitigation.

First, the nature and severity of the disaster

(1) The nature of the disaster. The attributes of disasters are mainly reflected in seven aspects: First, disasters are universal and eternal. The occurrence of disasters will not disappear because of the control of time, it has eternal significance, and the scope of disasters affects all countries in the world. Second, disasters are global and regional. Disasters occur all over the world, whether in fast-developing areas or backward-developing areas, disasters will occur irregularly. Third, disasters are diverse and different. There are many kinds of disasters, including not only natural disasters, but also man-made disasters and gas leakage. Different disasters have different effects. Fourth, disasters are random and difficult to predict. For example, it is difficult to predict the time, place and intensity of geological disasters in disasters. Fifth, disasters are slow and sudden. For example, earthquakes and volcanoes in disasters have sudden characteristics, while soil erosion is caused slowly. Sixth, disasters are lagging and migrating. The occurrence of disasters will have an impact on population migration, leading to the lag of population expansion in the region, and air pollution in disasters is highly migratory. Seventh, disasters are related. For example, rainstorm disasters will bring landslides and mudslides.

(2) The disaster severity is 1. Natural disasters are increasing. In recent years, with the impact of social development on the natural environment, disasters, especially natural disasters, have shown an increasing trend, such as global warming and melting glaciers. These disasters not only seriously affect the growth of animals and plants, but also seriously restrict the development and progress of human society, and even bring serious human and financial losses to the development of human society. 2. Man-made disasters are frequent. Man-made disasters include nuclear war, terrorist attacks, ecological imbalance and population expansion. As far as wars are concerned, such as the Japanese invasion of China and the Nanjing Massacre, this unjust war not only brought economic losses, but also hurt people's mental health. Ecological imbalance is mainly caused by people's unreasonable development of resources. This uncontrolled and unscientific exploitation of resources leads to problems such as resource shortage and environmental pollution, which poses a threat to people's living environment.

Second, the importance of civil engineering in disaster prevention and mitigation

As a two disciplines, disaster prevention and mitigation is carried out on the basis of the first-class discipline of civil engineering. Therefore, civil engineering plays an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation, and it is a scientific disaster prevention and mitigation project. Among them, the individual attribute of civil engineering attributes determines its importance in disaster prevention and mitigation, which is embodied as follows:

(1) protection. Looking back on the development and evolution of civil engineering, we can find that the emergence of civil engineering is to resist natural disasters from the beginning. The earliest construction of civil engineering was to help people prevent wind and rain, defend wild animals and build nests. Later, it evolved into defending against enemy attacks and began to have protective functions. The protection and resistance of civil engineering have been extended to modern times, and the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction mentioned in China is also closely related to this attribute of civil engineering. In the modern sense, the protective property of civil engineering is reflected in the development and use of new technologies, such as the emergence of nuclear power plants, and the function of preventing nuclear leakage is realized by forming concrete-based reactors.

(2) advance. The protection facilities of civil engineering are advanced, and the original meteorological protection, the ancient Great Wall, modern civil air defense works and the establishment of modern nuclear power plants all reflect their preventive functions before disasters come. Primitive weather protection requires nesting in advance; The ancient Great Wall needs to guard against the invasion of Xiongnu. Only by building the containment of nuclear power plants in advance can reactor accidents be prevented. In addition, the advancement of modern engineering is also manifested in maritime transportation. For example, the Suez Canal must be opened before transportation from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea can be realized. Only by building the Three Gorges Dam can flood control in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River be realized. In a word, civil engineering plays a pioneering role in social development, and also has the ability of prophet in social disaster prevention and mitigation, thus preventing and controlling disasters in advance.

(3) permanence. With the continuous development of human society, human life and production need the cooperation of civil engineering. The existence of civil engineering, like the existence of human society, has a permanent attribute. Human society is a material society, where matter is moving and disasters are moving. Civil engineering can make use of its permanent nature to monitor sports disasters for a long time. For example, we can't see meteorological disasters such as hurricanes and floods with our naked eyes in a short time, and we need to strengthen the construction of breakwaters and dams through civil engineering; Geological disasters caused by crustal movement are also sudden and cannot be predicted in advance. It is necessary to strengthen the stability of buildings and the configuration of some necessary damping devices through civil engineering.

abstract

From volcanic eruption, earthquake and tsunami to coal pollution and resource shortage, disasters of all sizes occur all over the world every day. It can be seen that disaster prevention and mitigation is a long-term and complex work, which needs to involve a variety of scientific and complex disciplines and technologies. With the aggravation of disasters in recent years, disaster prevention and mitigation has gradually developed into a discipline, which involves natural science, social science and other disciplines, reflecting a kind of dependence and infiltration. Therefore, disaster prevention and mitigation work requires relevant personnel to continuously upgrade their technical research, analyze the occurrence and impact of various disasters according to local conditions, fully apply civil engineering to disaster prevention and mitigation, control disasters to the maximum extent, and reduce the human and financial losses caused by disasters to people's society.

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