KVL Kirchhoff voltage law, the sum of loop voltage drops of lumped circuit is zero.

VCR voltage, current and impedance, i.e. I = u/r.

Kirchhoff

direct current

Volt voltage

law

R- resistance

The working law of the circuit is determined by the structure of the circuit and the characteristics of the components. KCL and KVL describe the circuit structure, and VCR describes the characteristics of components.

In addition, lumped (parameter) circuit refers to a point where circuit parameters gather in space and correspond to distributed parameter circuit. For example, the two poles of the power supply are connected to a plane conductor, and KCL and KVL cannot be used to study the current and voltage distribution of this conductor, but the specific electromagnetic field theory should be used.