First of all, China's traditional historical records contain a strong sense of statecraft. In their historical works, outstanding historians in ancient China are very good at using their unique historical wisdom to explain the ideals of "self-cultivation", "keeping the family in order", "governing the country" and "leveling the world", so as to achieve the grand goal of sharing worries for the country, making suggestions for the country and educating senior officials. The purpose of Confucius Chunqiu is very clear, that is, to use Li Zhoulai to maintain the social hierarchy that was destroyed at that time. This kind of historiography became more conscious when Sima Tan and Sima Qian edited history. Sima Tan said, "Today, the Han Dynasty is prosperous and the whole country is unified. I am afraid of the death of the loyal minister of Mingjun, because I am too old to discuss and abolish world history. " A historian's high sense of social responsibility is vividly on the paper. Sima Qian's Historical Records is based on the high standard of "learning from the changes of the past and the present" (Sima Qian's History). Reading Historical Records, we can clearly feel that the more historical events in the period of change, the more detailed Sima Qian recorded and the more diligent he worked. This reflects that he really grasped the key of history, writing history for the living, for the needs of the country and for the future of the nation. During the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty, Jason Wu, a historian known as "Donghu Style", wrote a book "Zhenguan dignitaries" with a special genre. This is a special topic that records the political history of the Tang Taizong era. He wrote in the preface: "If there is a state-owned family, they will follow the previous track and choose to do good, then their career will flourish for a longer time." This is not only the admiration for the former rulers, but also the hope that the present and future rulers can learn useful experience from history. Although Du You's General Canon is a private work, in his Preface, it is also clearly pointed out that the purpose of his history writing is to "collect opinions from different groups, recruit personnel and govern the government" (Preface to General Canon), and his historical thought of practical use is vividly on the paper. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian was compiled on the principle of "regarding the rise and fall of the country as the most important thing, making people share weal and woe, being good as the law, and keeping evil as a warning" (Jin Tong Zhi Jian), which is a typical representative of excellent historical furniture in feudal times and has a strong political consciousness of paying attention to the country and society.
Secondly, historians of past dynasties and their works all contain a strong sense of hardship. "Born in sorrow and died in happiness" is a dialectical summary of the rise and fall of the Chinese nation by the sages. History is objective, but historical works that record the historical process always carry the personal thinking of historians. Su Xun in the Song Dynasty said in the article "On History", "What is history for? It has something on its mind "; Sima Qian said that "people who tell the past and remember it" (The Biography of Sima Qian in Hanshu) accurately expressed the humanistic feelings of China's traditional historiography. Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals is full of his worries about his own times, and his pen and ink contain subtle words of righteousness. Sima Tan's motive in writing Historical Records is to praise the great achievements established since the Han Dynasty, but Sima Qian endowed Historical Records with more sense of hardship after inheriting his father's business. In Historical Records, Guan Chan and The Book of Leveling, Sima Qian's exposure of various social problems exposed in the era of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and his ridicule and satire on Guan Chan, a good historian's inner sense of hardship. Cui, a historian and political commentator at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty? In their works, Wang Fu and others pointed the finger at reality, profoundly exposing the actual situation of alternate dictatorship of consorts and eunuchs, Wang Gang's dismissal and corruption in state affairs at that time, and pushing China's ancient historiography thought with a sense of hardship to a new peak. One of the reasons why Sima Guang tried his best to compile Zi Tong Zhi Jian was that he was deeply worried about the poor and weak political situation in the Northern Song Dynasty. The works of historians such as Li Dao, Xu and Li Xinchuan in the Song Dynasty were written by people at that time, but at the same time they were also works of "worrying about the world" and "weeping for blood" for the social reality of the country's ruin and death at that time. Historians Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi and Gu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan and Huang Zunxian in the late Qing Dynasty also poured deep worries about the times in their works. Such examples can be said to be numerous in the history of Chinese historiography. Historians' sense of hardship includes both anxiety in the face of troubled times and thinking in the face of social changes. More importantly, even in prosperous times, they never forget to be prepared for danger in times of peace. Different from ordinary people's sense of hardship, historians' sense of hardship can often be based on rigorous historical facts, run through ancient and modern historical thinking, and be expressed through historical books, so it can influence, awaken and educate people on a broader and deeper level.
Third, the strong spirit of pursuing national unity and opposing social division, advocating national heroes and despising the noble feelings of surrender and defection in traditional historians and historical writings have provided a powerful spiritual source for the formation of Chinese national cohesion. For thousands of years, historians have used tragic language to describe the division, such as "the poor and the poor are scattered" (The Warring States Policy and Qin Ce IV), "Begging for neighbors" (Mencius Gao Zixia) and "A hundred miles of smoke-free, the city is empty" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Zhu Zhi Chuan). He expressed his desire for unity with words such as "integrating into one" (Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang), "respecting into one" (Mozi Shang Tong) and "the world is one" (Xunzi Wang Zhi). Historians praise the "prosperous times" such as "the rule of literary world" and "the rule of Guan Zhen" with strong pen and ink, which is the expectation of a peaceful and peaceful unified society; Historians praise national heroes with passionate style and mercilessly lash those who betray the interests of the motherland and the nation, which is a concentrated expression of the unified moral view and historical view of the Chinese nation.
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Examples of ancient patriotic celebrities
Misunderstanding at the beginning of Zhou Dynasty
At the beginning of the week, when he was young, he was overbearing and arrogant, which was a great disaster in the local area. There are dragons in Yixing River and white-fronted tigers on the mountain, which are harmful to the people. The people in Yixing call it three evils, of which the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty is the most severe. Some people advised the early Zhou dynasty to kill the tiger and bring down the dragon, in fact, they hoped that only one would remain after the three evils competed. At the beginning of the week, he immediately killed the tiger and went down to the river to cut the dragon. Dragons sometimes float and sometimes sink in the water, drifting for dozens of miles, and always fight dragons at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. After three days and three nights, the local people thought Zhou Chu was dead and took turns to celebrate. As a result, Xiaolong was killed at the beginning of the week, and the truth came out. He heard that the villagers thought they were dead, so he celebrated, only to know that everyone actually regarded himself as a scourge, so he had the intention of repentance. So he went to Wujun to find Lu Ji and Lu Yun, two well-educated celebrities. Lu Ji wasn't there at that time, but when he arrived in Lu Yun, he told Lu Yun all the information and said, "I want to correct my mistake, but time flies, and I'm afraid I can't achieve anything in the end." Lu Yun said: "The ancients cherished morality and thought that they would die at night even if they understood the way of sages in the morning." There is still hope for your future. Besides, people are afraid that they can't set their ambitions. As long as they can, why worry that a good reputation will not spread? " After hearing this, Zhou Chu turned over a new leaf and finally became a loyal minister.
Tang Bohu has become modest.
Tang Bohu devoted himself to painting. Tang Bohu was a famous painter and writer in Ming Dynasty. When he was young, he showed superhuman talent in painting. As a disciple of the great painter Shen Zhou, Tang Bohu naturally studied harder, quickly mastered the painting skills, and was highly praised by Shen Zhou. Unexpectedly, due to Shen Zhou's praise, Tang Bohu, who has always been modest, gradually became complacent. Shen Zhou see in the eye, in mind. During a meal, Shen Zhou asked Tang Bohu to open the window. Tang Bohu found that his window was actually a painting by Teacher Shen Zhou. Tang Bohu felt very ashamed and devoted himself to painting.
Li Bai's misunderstanding
Mozhenxi is at the foot of Xianger Mountain in Meizhou. According to legend, Li Taibai studied in the mountains. He left his textbook before he finished reading it. After crossing the stream, I saw an old woman grinding an iron pestle. Li Bai asked, and the old woman replied, "I want to be a needle." Li Bai understood the meaning and went back to the mountain to finish his studies. The old woman herself said that her surname was Wu, and now there is Wushiyan beside Mozhen River.