The beginning (introduction) part:
1. Attract the reader's attention: Use attractive sentences, quotations, statistics or thought-provoking questions at the beginning to attract the reader's attention. This will stimulate readers' interest and make them willing to continue reading your paper.
2. Put forward the research question or purpose: clearly put forward your research question or purpose in the introduction. This will help readers understand your research field and motivation, and pave the way for the follow-up content.
3. Summary of existing research: briefly review the existing research related to your research and explain the previous research results and current situation in this field. This will help to establish your research background and highlight the importance and innovation of your research.
4. Research objectives and methods: Define your research objectives and methods. Explain how your research will fill the gaps in existing research, solve problems or achieve goals, and briefly introduce your research methods and design.
Finally (conclusion):
1. Summarize the research results: briefly summarize your research results in the conclusion section. Review your research objectives and questions, and point out whether your research results support or refute.
2. Emphasize the significance and contribution of research: Emphasize the significance and value of your research to the academic field or practice. Point out how your research results contribute to the progress, policy formulation or practical application in related fields.
3. Discuss limitations and suggestions: honestly discuss the limitations and shortcomings of your research. This can help readers better understand your research results and provide suggestions and directions for future research.
4. Conclusion: At the end of the conclusion part, summarize your research conclusions in concise and powerful language, and emphasize important findings or opinions. Give readers a thoughtful ending impression.
It should be noted that the beginning and end should echo the main part of the paper to form a complete paper structure. The beginning part should arouse the reader's interest, provide the background and purpose of the paper, and the end part should summarize the research results and emphasize its significance and contribution. At the same time, the beginning and end should be concise, highlight the main points, and be consistent and coherent with other parts of the paper.