Keywords: People's Livelihood News: Aphasia of urbanized farmers, media isolation and discourse reconstruction [Abstract] The phenomenon of farmers' aphasia is widespread in people's livelihood news. This paper puts the rise of people's livelihood news in the process of urbanization background and the transformation of farmers' characteristics to citizens' characteristics, and compares the differences between farmers and citizens as audiences; On this basis, the phenomenon of farmers' aphasia in people's livelihood news is summarized and analyzed from the definition. And try to explain the phenomenon of farmers' aphasia from the perspective of discourse theory, and provide some thoughts for the reconstruction of farmers' discourse in people's livelihood news. [Keywords:] People's livelihood news, urbanization, farmers' aphasia, media isolation, discourse reconstruction for the nature and content of people's livelihood news, academia and industry have no clear definition. We generally think that people's livelihood news is not a strict professional concept, and it has a certain inheritance relationship with social news in subject matter and content, and there is no essential difference between them; On the other hand, there are some differences between people's livelihood news and social news: 1) People's livelihood news emphasizes humanistic care and civilian perspective, and the choice of news is based on people rather than things; 2) People's livelihood news reflects the awakening of the audience's self-awareness in the new media technology environment, and fully encourages the low-cost interaction between the audience and the media. At present, the concrete operational level of practice and the judgment of individual scholars on "people's livelihood news" seem to be more inclined to limit it to those news information related to urban residents, while rural residents, who account for the vast majority of the population, are intentionally or unintentionally "marginalized and disadvantaged". The forgotten farmers in people's livelihood news are precisely the biggest social vulnerable groups that need the media's attention most. Their absence in people's livelihood news deviates from the principle of "three closeness" advocated by us to some extent, and also makes the "civilian perspective" and "humanistic care" that the media talk about less convincing. 1. Urbanization: The background of the rise of people's livelihood news is closely related to the large-scale urbanization movement in China in recent years. Urbanization is the inevitable choice for China's rapid economic development to move towards modernization. "Contemporary China" is in the climax of urbanization. In the next 20 to 30 years, there will be more than 1300 cities in China, and the urban population will increase from 30% to 65% of the total population, and more than 500 million farmers will enter cities. ". [1] In this unprecedented process of socio-economic transformation and structural change, mass media, as a subsystem of the social system, will inevitably reflect this, and livelihood news is the embodiment of this reflection in the media business level. The process of urbanization in China mainly affects the mass media's understanding of the essence of people's livelihood news from the following aspects: 1. Urbanization provides a huge audience for people's livelihood news. Economist Zhang Wuchang pointed out: "In these twenty years, 300-400 million people have to move from rural areas to cities. ..... Small towns will expand, new cities will appear, and nearly 200 million people will move to existing big cities. " [2] Compared with rural residents, urban residents have good media consumption habits and fixed media consumption expenditure. The most direct consequence of urbanization is the rapid expansion of urban population, that is, the expansion of audience. It is precisely because of this that people's livelihood news has positioned its target audience as urban citizens from the moment it was born. For example, the people's livelihood news column "City Time" of Hunan Economic TV Station aims at "people's livelihood perspective and true expression", with urban life and social news as the main content, and the proposed selection criteria are "caring for citizens and caring for citizens". [3] 2. Urbanization provides news sources and amateur journalists for people's livelihood news. Urbanization is a systematic and complicated social project, involving all aspects of social life such as economy, politics, culture, religion and folk customs. This process has brought about great changes in social structure and conflicts and collisions between different classes or interest groups. Such as economic development, income distribution, living space, moral education, social aesthetics, gender equality, investment and financial management, job hunting, price changes, social security, education and learning, rights protection, urban construction, environmental optimization and a series of issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood, provide rich materials for people's livelihood news. "The effectiveness of the content has enabled the program to open a large number of citizen hotlines and have a large number of ordinary photographers. The specialization and simplification of news sources are gradually being replaced by citizenization and pluralism. [4] These problems occur around citizens and are related to the vital interests of every citizen. The audience's awareness of participation and public awareness is unprecedented, and the traditional "sender-receiver" model has been broken. Citizens stand on their own position to safeguard the interests of the groups they represent and take the initiative to participate in the production, discussion and dissemination of people's livelihood news programs. The media also aims to improve the ratings, opening the door for the audience to express their feelings. For example, "City Time" in Shi Jing, Hunan Province once launched the activity of "Entering Your Home", which initiated two-way interaction and told the family stories of urban people; "City Time" also created a "DV status" link in the program, widely collecting DV news works shot by the people, effectively making up for the regret that it is difficult to capture the emergency scene; Use short message media to conduct public opinion survey, and realize real-time interaction between news and public opinion. [5] The benign interaction between citizens and the media has realized a virtuous circle of column operation, which has spawned a group of amateur journalists who provide materials, manuscripts, photos, videos or DV for the media. 3. Urbanization has prompted the media to discover the urban poor, and humanistic care has become a new context for mass media. The rapid expansion of urban scale magnifies the problem of urban poor that was originally concealed. "There is a division of labor between units and within units, and the unit system has been greatly impacted. A large number of laid-off and unemployed people have flowed into the society, and the problem of surplus labor force, which was originally hidden under the fragile unit system, has finally emerged rapidly. [6] "Urban poverty alleviation" has become a hot topic of general concern at all levels, and the government has gradually realized and begun to solve it on the premise of maintaining social stability. On the other hand, man has become a theme of today's philosophy, and there is a humanistic trend of thought in western philosophy that returns to human nature and cares for life. At the same time, the new generation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China leaders have repeatedly emphasized the policy platform of "power for the people, affection for the people, and benefit for the people". As the "mouthpiece of the government", the news media moved down with the acquiescence of the government and stood on the position of the disadvantaged citizens, exposing and criticizing the negative phenomena in the process of reform and development appropriately. Reflect the life needs of urban residents from the perspective of civilians, show their living conditions, express their voices, provide them with practical and useful information, and help them solve practical problems in real life. Without breaking through the threshold set by the system, the mass media has maintained the independence and criticism of the media to a certain extent, showing the popular value orientation and grassroots complex of people's livelihood news. 4. Urbanization and marketization of media resources. The increasing attention competition among media makes media resources more concentrated in cities, and mass media also brings activities, concerns and customers closer to cities. As far as newspapers and periodicals are concerned, "almost every provincial capital city has at least one or two life and entertainment newspapers, while the rural audience, which accounts for the vast majority of the population, has only one national newspaper". [7] The information distribution of radio and TV programs between urban and rural areas is also extremely uneven. The reform of the media system has pushed the media to the market. The ratings and circulation index of the media have become the key factors that determine how much the media can make a profit in the market, even life and death. This makes the media emphasize the central position of the audience more than ever before, and the audience-oriented consciousness in news communication has become the internal driving force for the media to open up columns and special editions on people's livelihood. Second, how far is people's livelihood news from farmers? Li Liangrong, a journalism professor at Fudan University, believes that local TV stations are only a kind of "market news" when dealing with such news (people's livelihood news), so it is more appropriate to call "people's livelihood news" "citizen news"; [8] Shao Peiren, a professor of communication at Zhejiang University, is it subversion or reconstruction? -On the Rise of Citizen Journalism and Its Countermeasures "replaces" people's livelihood news "with" citizen news ",which summarizes some mass communication phenomena close to or similar to people's livelihood news; The orientation of the livelihood news column "The First Time" in Shi Jing, Anhui Province is: focusing on the urban audience and being close to the citizens' basic necessities; Jiangsu TV Station's People's Livelihood News column "Nanjing Zero Distance" takes Nanjing as the background, focusing on the interests of Nanjing citizens and reflecting the local characteristics of Nanjing; A Time in the City by Shi Jing, Hunan Province, regards "people's livelihood perspective" as the real "ordinary citizen perspective" and "caring about citizens and what citizens care about" as the standard for choosing news. In 2003, 20 pieces of news selected as "Top Ten People's Livelihood News in Suzhou" were all about cities or urban residents, and none of them were concerned about farmers. From the above scholars' discussion and industry practice, we can see that farmers are excluded from people's livelihood news, at least farmers are placed in a dispensable position in people's livelihood news. In view of the serious absence of farmers in people's livelihood news, it is necessary to clarify the concept of people's livelihood news. The author thinks that the meaning of "people's livelihood" in "people's livelihood news" can be explained from two aspects: 1) The "life" in "people's livelihood" can be regarded as the content level of people's livelihood news, and the understanding of "life" in mass media is unified, which can be basically summarized as four points: life (food, clothing, housing and transportation), survival (survival right) and people's livelihood (national economy and people's livelihood). The misunderstanding of the connotation of people's livelihood news by mass media leads to the limitations of related news reports. In western countries, the word' citizen' refers not only to people living in cities, but also to people with civil rights, who are members of society with freedom of identity and full rights. [9] Social vulnerable groups are a concept to analyze the uneven distribution of economic interests and social power in modern society and the uncoordinated and unreasonable social structure. China's urban-rural dual system and dual division distribution system have long compensated the development of urban industry by plundering rural resources, resulting in policy discrimination against farmers and actual weak position. It is expensive for farmers to exercise their civil rights and enjoy the shrinking "civil rights". The "civilian discourse" advertised by people's livelihood news should not only be the patent of urban residents, but also be the way and tool for rural residents to express their voices, participate in state and social affairs and democratic management. In fact, in recent years, the mass media's attention to farmers is limited to a small range of "migrant workers". Migrant workers are a concept of transition from farmers to citizens in the process of urbanization. They are close to citizens in the sense of regional residence, but they still retain the characteristics of farmers in the exercise of rights, cultural quality, lifestyle and values. On the one hand, mass media serve the needs of urban development, promote the citizenization of migrant workers, help them integrate into urban society, reflect the needs of migrant workers in many ways, provide employment information guidance, help improve the living environment, show the hardships of migrant workers, support migrant workers to collect debts, criticize labor abuse, etc. On the other hand, relying on the superior psychology of the city, the mass media denies the "citizen identity" that migrant workers should have, maliciously "demonizes" migrant workers, and associates them with vulgarity, greed, ignorance, dishonesty, rudeness, forgetting profits and even crime, further making farmers "vulnerable and marginalized". Thirdly, the discourse analysis of farmers' aphasia in people's livelihood news holds that discourse is not equal to speech, it refers to the group expression of language under certain social and historical conditions, and it is the potential logic that hides under people's consciousness but secretly dominates different languages, thoughts and behaviors of each group; [10] Foucault no longer regards discourse as literature, that is, books, texts, narratives, compilations, etc. Instead, it is regarded as a practical symbol associated with life, culture, economy, politics and social system; Bourdieu's view of language holds that "language is not only a means of communication, but also a tool or medium of power relations, so it must be studied in the interactive scene and structural environment of production and circulation languages." [1 1] From the perspective of discourse analysis theory, discourse is a symbolic power relationship, which shows the power relationship between the speaker and their respective groups in disguise. The phenomenon of farmers' aphasia in people's livelihood news is the embodiment of farmers as vulnerable groups under the specific social and historical conditions in China's current transition period, and it is the result of the long-term uneven distribution of social resources and interests in China and the accumulation of power games among different interest groups. The ongoing political and economic system reform actually adds the factor of "capital" to the original game pattern, which makes business logic dominate the redistribution of discourse power to a certain extent and further intensifies the original unequal distribution pattern. Specifically, the reasons why people's livelihood news snubbed farmers are mainly concentrated in the following aspects: compared with urban residents, rural residents live in scattered places and have no stable media consumption habits and expenses; The living environment is relatively closed, the information changes little and the media resources are scarce; Low cultural quality, strong awareness of small farmers, lack of participation awareness. Different from the "legal society" in the city, the countryside is a "civil society" linked by blood, geography and popularity. Due to the restriction of household registration system and inconvenient transportation, the communication activities between social members are not so frequent and complicated, and the two sides know each other and have a stable relationship, and the demand for information is not as strong as that of urban residents. Information dissemination in rural areas tends to be carried out in some established channels such as demonstration, oral communication and assembly, and the power of mass media is not as obvious as that in cities. Advertisers deny that China media is in an era of political power control and capital wooing. If the media want to survive in the market competition, they must focus on advertisers, the controllers of social capital, and try their best to report news that can attract the attention of groups with spending power. [12] Rural commodity economy is backward, residents' income is low, their ability to pay is low, and their consumption concept is conservative. Most of the markets in these areas are fake and shoddy goods, or are controlled by small producers who do not need to advertise and producers of individual and manual workshops. Advertisers' products can't sweep the rural market with media advertisements like occupying the urban market. Media cost denies that rural residents are scattered, lack of communication talents, inconvenient transportation and poor communication. The cost of news collection, production and dissemination is much higher than that of cities, which also adversely affects the timeliness of news. Therefore, we can see that almost all people's livelihood news columns are aimed at cities and emphasize local characteristics. The lack of elite silence In contemporary China, most political, economic and cultural elites tend to collude, and the discourse space of vulnerable groups is getting smaller and smaller. Farmers lack elites who speak on behalf of their own groups, and there is no voice that attracts people's livelihood news.