The supply and demand of college graduates are unbalanced. With the expansion of colleges and universities in China, the number of students and graduates has increased rapidly in recent years, and the direct result is a serious imbalance between supply and demand in the current labor market. In recent years, a large number of new laborers have flooded into the market every year, which has led to an increase in the absolute supply of college students. With the gradual emergence of the impact of the world economic crisis, the actual demand for labor in society is growing slowly, and this demand is offset by too many fresh graduates, resulting in a relative imbalance between supply and demand, which leads to employment difficulties for some students.
School education is out of touch with market demand. With the increase of national investment in education, the software and hardware facilities of colleges and universities in China have developed greatly, but the employment problem of college students is becoming more and more serious.
First of all, we don't pay enough attention to the all-round quality education and training of students. Due to the influence of various factors, China's higher education reform lags behind the social needs, and educational ideas and concepts have not been updated in time, which has not adapted to the requirements of modernization for talents; The teaching materials have not changed for many years, the division of majors is unreasonable, the teaching methods are too simple, the knowledge transfer is more important, but the ability training is less; The talent training in schools is decoupled from social needs, resulting in structural contradictions between supply and demand. The lag and long period of higher education determine that it does not meet the needs of society, while the talent prediction work in colleges and universities is in the exploratory stage or even has not yet started, which leads to the obvious utilitarianism of college enrollment, which is not closely integrated with the needs of society, or even out of touch, which leads to the more prominent structural contradiction between college training and social needs.
Secondly, the quality of students trained by most colleges and universities is not too hard. According to the follow-up survey of some colleges and universities, less than 70% of graduates can adapt to work within two years, and even some graduates can't adapt to work or engage in professional-related work because of social relations. These are all related to the imperfect employment mechanism and teaching management system in colleges and universities. At present, most colleges and universities lack flexibility, mobility and initiative in personnel, so that talents needed by schools can't get in and talents needed by other schools can't get out. Some schools pursue popular majors, teachers and textbooks can't cope, and graduates are not recognized by the society.
The misunderstanding of college students' employment view. There are also many problems in college graduates themselves: First, college students' positioning of themselves is not accurate enough. College graduates all hope to find a unit with high income and good treatment. However, due to the unbalanced economic development in various regions of China, there are great differences between the eastern and western regions, coastal areas and the mainland. When choosing employment areas, college graduates are excessively concentrated in economically developed areas such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which leads to an obvious increase in employment pressure in developed areas and a thirst for talents in western cities. At the same time, the employment psychology of college students "not high enough, not low enough" has a more serious impact on job selection and employment. Second, the issue of integrity. Many graduates think that excellent performance and the certificate of evaluation and reward can bring convenience to job hunting, and they do not hesitate to obtain the certificate through fraud to defraud the favor of enterprises, which will cause certain damage to the overall image of college graduates.
In addition to the above reasons, there are other reasons, such as the employment environment is not relaxed and fair, and there are still many problems in the employment of enterprises.
The financial crisis has caused the current employment situation to become more and more severe. China's economy is increasingly affected by the international financial crisis, and the overall economic development is facing unprecedented challenges. In the fourth quarter of last year, key economic indicators such as industry and exports showed a sharp decline or even negative growth, and the quarterly economic growth rate of 6.8% was the lowest in recent years. The decline of the economic situation has the most serious impact on the current employment of college students. According to statistics, the overall GDP growth is one percentage point, and the number of employed people is about 1 10,000. According to national statistics, in 2009, there will be 665,438+10,000 college graduates nationwide. Together with the 654.38+million unemployed college graduates who graduated in 2008, there will be more than 765.438+million college students who need employment this year. Therefore, the financial crisis has made the current employment situation more severe.
Guiding countermeasures to solve the current employment difficulties of college students
To solve the difficult employment problem of college graduates at present and in the next few years, we need to make efforts in many aspects and adopt practical policies, measures and methods in many departments.
The government's timely policy guidance. In view of the grim situation of this year's financial crisis, the central government has formulated a series of relevant policies. The Notice of the State Council on Doing a Good Job in Employment under the Current Economic Situation (hereinafter referred to as the Notice) issued in February this year 10 requires government agencies, enterprises and institutions at all levels to closely implement measures to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth, and do everything possible to expand employment. In view of the employment of college graduates, the notice clearly pointed out that taking the urban and rural grassroots as the general direction and taking the employment of small and medium-sized enterprises and non-public enterprises as the main channels, we should encourage self-employment and encourage key enterprises and scientific research project units to absorb and stabilize the employment of college graduates.
The government should also give full play to its role in employment. First, we should give priority to employment as a basic policy of the government, and the policy is inclined to arrange employment. Compared with economic growth, the government's responsibility in the employment of workers is particularly important. This responsibility requires the government to establish the policy objectives of giving priority to employment and full employment, fairness and efficiency in economic growth, and to take various measures to promote employment growth in practice. Second, unblock employment channels, and the government should strengthen macro management. When graduates enter the social employment, the government's guidance is very necessary and effective. The government should macro-control the scale and direction of personnel training, guide experts to predict the future employment situation and demand, and guide the education and teaching reform in colleges and universities. At the same time, we should macro-control the process of graduates' employment through legal, economic and administrative means to ensure fair competition among employed students.
The government should take various measures to deal with the imperfect market mechanism of graduate employment at present. Intensify reform, strengthen the research, discussion and practice of graduate employment market, and actively cultivate standardized, healthy and legal labor employment markets at all levels; Deepen the reform of personnel and labor, household registration, archives, social security and other systems, get rid of local and departmental protectionism, formulate flexible preferential policies, encourage the rational flow of graduates, and guide graduates to find jobs in difficult places.
Rational allocation of educational resources in colleges and universities. Education reform has a long way to go. Colleges and universities should be market-oriented and effectively guide the market. According to the actual situation of economic and social development, we should rationally allocate educational resources and speed up the adjustment of professional structure in colleges and universities in order to cultivate talents at all levels needed by society.
Attach importance to graduates' employment guidance. Government departments at all levels should increase investment and improve conditions; And take various forms to guarantee and support the construction of employment guidance institutions, provide employment information for graduates in various ways and ways, carry out job-seeking skills training for graduates, and provide students with various opportunities to participate in social practice; It is also necessary to establish full-time and full-time employment guidance, which needs the participation of the whole society and runs through the whole process of students' study at school.
In addition, we should actively encourage and support college graduates to start their own businesses. The situation shows that self-employment is the new trend of college students' employment in the future. Most contemporary college students have a strong entrepreneurial impulse and desire. It has become a fashion for some famous college students in China to start their own businesses after graduation, but they lack guidance and support. Therefore, the government should actively support through policies and funds, reduce the threshold, cost and risk of entrepreneurship, encourage students to start their own businesses, carry forward the entrepreneurial ideas of college graduates, and implement entrepreneurial actions.
Improve their own quality and establish a correct concept of employment. First of all, college graduates should strive to improve their own quality and enhance their employment competitiveness. In the process of choosing a job, college students with high quality and strong ability are most likely to be hired. College students should strive to improve their knowledge and ability to meet the higher and higher requirements of employers and society.
Secondly, college students should adjust their mentality and establish a correct view of employment. It is necessary to strengthen the education of college graduates' concept of job selection, so that they can establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, have an accurate judgment on the employment situation and have a reasonable position for themselves; It is necessary to establish new employment concepts such as entrepreneurship, competitive employment, flexible employment, employment before employment, closely combine personal ideals with social needs, and combine job hunting with occupation to take the first step towards society.
In short, due to the impact of the financial crisis, the employment situation of college graduates is more severe, but we should also see other factors that cause employment difficulties for college students. Only under the comprehensive guidance of government policies, the adjustment of school education and training structure, the establishment of social responsibility of employers and the correct positioning of college graduates can we solve the employment problem of college students.
(Author: Student Affairs Office of Yanshan University)
Extended reading
The employment of college students under the influence of crisis needs information support.
It is true that it is difficult to predict the possible impact of the economic and financial crisis on college students' employment, which requires a full grasp of the situation and a judgment of the future trend, but this cannot be the reason why it is difficult for college students' employment service agencies to provide more adequate and objective information. To provide employment services for students, a very important content is to collect and sort out employment information as comprehensively as possible and provide it to students to help them locate reasonably. Collecting and publishing employment demand information is the consistent practice of foreign universities. Full and timely release of employment information can effectively help students make reasonable choices. There is obviously a big gap between the initiative, systematicness and effectiveness of collecting and publishing employment information in domestic universities. At present, colleges and universities judge the demand according to the situation of enterprises that come to the school to hold seminars and job fairs, and "waiting" for enterprises to deliver goods to their homes is considered to be an important reason for the inaccurate employment orientation and high employment expectations of domestic college students. For example, every time a college student looks for a job, some schools say that the employment situation is grim, so please lower the employment expectation; However, in the process of enrollment propaganda, it is inevitable that college students will have "information anxiety" by repeatedly advocating that "the overall employment rate of the school is as high as 99%", and they don't know what information to believe. In this way, the school provides psychological counseling to job-seeking students, trying to alleviate their "job-seeking anxiety", with little effect.