First, the concept of "primary school" in early childhood education
The "primary school" of early childhood education literally means "nurturing education" for children as primary school students. It is embodied in:
First, the requirements of behavioral norms, such as paying attention to lectures in class, sitting correctly, paying attention, not whispering, listening to the teacher, not interrupting, not going to the toilet, not drinking water at will, not reporting, the teacher's presentation is basically modeled after the primary school model, and the children are regularly audited according to the standards of primary school students, and the results are fed back to parents. In short, children are required to play less and move less according to the standards of primary school students, and they are old-fashioned and lack their innocence and liveliness.
Second, in the content of learning, children's world is brand-new and irregular, which needs all-round cultivation of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor. In the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial), children's learning activities are relatively divided into five aspects: health, society, science, language and art, which require all aspects to develop children's knowledge, skills, abilities and emotions. The standard of "primary school" is to let children receive education in different subjects like primary school students, ignoring the enlightenment of early childhood education and the cultivation of children's comprehensive quality through classes and homework. What's more, it is said that children are required to learn primary school knowledge in advance and learn to read, write and calculate. This practice violates the provisions of the outline.
Second, the reasons for the origin of early childhood education "primary school"
There are various reasons for a phenomenon. Investigate its reason, I think it is mainly the following aspects:
1, kindergarten's own problems. At present, preschool education has not been included in the compulsory education category, and the government has decentralized power. Under the influence of market economy, many kindergartens are driven by interests to "see money". In order to meet the expectations of parents, they blindly increase their children's learning capacity, gain social recognition and enhance their competitiveness in the same industry, regardless of their actual acceptance ability.
2. The quality of preschool teachers. Preschool education is the direct and indirect contact of children in kindergarten, and the quality of preschool education is related to the success or failure of preschool education in the whole kindergarten. This year, problems such as "child abuse", poor ability of preschool teachers to play, sing and jump, and kindergarten safety failures have emerged one after another, so it is urgent to improve the quality of preschool education.
First of all, the establishment system of preschool teachers is not perfect, and most kindergartens now belong to the form of individual private kindergartens and collective kindergartens contracted to individuals. Although the kindergarten system has some flexibility, there will be family-oriented and cronyism in the selection of kindergarten teachers. China is a country of reciprocity, and "one more word for everything" may even lead to the decline of preschool teachers' level. However, the employment, deployment, management, salary and retirement of preschool education have not been well solved. Isn't it nonsense to improve the quality and ability of preschool education?
Secondly, the quality of preschool teachers is low. It is understood that most kindergarten teachers in towns and villages in our city are primary school teachers or kindergarten teachers who have undergone simple pre-school education and training. Although primary school teachers have great advantages in knowledge level, teaching experience and responsibility of taking care of children, after all, primary school teachers have not received professional training and cannot distinguish the difference between primary school students and children well. I used to be a primary school teacher in my educational career. The education level was relatively low in the last century. In most schools, a classroom can accommodate a senior class and a preschool class (that is, the preschool class now), and children of completely different ages are actually integrated in one room. The children educated in this way will inevitably be more stuffy and less lively and cheerful. Today, after decades of development, the level of education is improving day by day, and preschool education has also been included in the plan of benign development. However, only a small number of primary school teachers who have been transformed into preschool teachers have received certain professional training, and most of them have entered the preschool education army by virtue of years of experience in primary and secondary education, so some teachers are poor in speaking, singing, playing, jumping and drawing. Another part of the new preschool education team, the younger generation, is good at rap and bouncing, but due to the lack of correct guidance, their knowledge level and ability to educate young children are insufficient.
Thirdly, the social recognition of preschool teachers is not high, and the composition of preschool teachers is single. Due to the low social acceptance, it will cause a series of problems, such as the "child abuse" incident caused by the excessive psychological pressure of kindergarten teachers, the dual purpose of kindergarten teachers during their work, and the reluctance of high flyers or professionally trained personnel to engage in preschool education. In recent years, the teaching staff is dominated by women, and most schools show the phenomenon of "Yin flourishes while Yang declines", especially kindergartens, where there are few male teachers. As a direct result, boys have lost their "wildness" and become "feminine". The normal development of society needs to pay attention to the ratio of men and women, and the development of early childhood education should also pay attention to the ratio of men and women. I have consulted Xinjiapo's preschool education materials, and I respect teachers, attach importance to teaching and recruit educational talents. The higher the social recognition, the better the corresponding results.
The origin of the quality problem of preschool teachers is complex, which is a vicious circle caused by the interaction of many factors.
3. Parents' problems. It is the expectation of every parent in China for thousands of years. There is nothing wrong with this, but these premature expectations bind children's nature and deprive them of their childhood prematurely.
To some extent, parents are the big bosses of preschool teachers, so one of the tasks of preschool teachers is to share their worries and serve their parents. In recent years, with the development of economy, parents pay more and more attention to early childhood education. In addition, children are basically only children now, so the expectations for children are getting higher and higher. Parents gradually fall into a misunderstanding that the more educational content, the better, and require their children to learn and train in literacy, arithmetic, expertise and so on. In addition, parents still have some unrealistic fantasies about their children's specialties, completely ignoring their own interests and needs and placing their hopes on their children. As a result, kindergartens are scrambling to carry out characteristic teaching such as literacy teaching, arithmetic teaching and Olympic mathematics class, and parents will also use this as the basis for evaluating kindergarten teachers. In this way, the phenomenon of "primary school" has become increasingly prominent.
Of course, there is also a problem from parents, that is, parents compare their children. At some family, friends, business and other parties, you may overhear Zhang San boasting about his children's cleverness, and Li Si boasting that his children won the first place in the exam. Sometimes you will see some parents and children bow their heads shyly. According to a survey, after most people become parents, the topics they talk about are "Does the baby grow taller today", "Does the baby puzzle alone" and "Is the baby smart?" Parents' concern for their children's growth is originally a thing full of warmth and love, but when this concern is amplified, it becomes a restriction on their healthy growth.
Third, the harm of "primary school" in early childhood education
People often say: "Three turns, six seats and eight forks will shout in October". This just reflects that children at each stage have their own characteristics and needs. Similarly, Rousseau, a famous educator, put forward the idea of nature education in Emile, and should respect children's natural development. He believes that children's intelligence is in the perceptual stage, and they are not rational and cannot form concepts. Therefore, children should not rush to instill knowledge into their children. He believes that children are active and curious, not only through feelings, but also through contact with physical objects or things. By doing, thinking and exploring to understand things and acquire knowledge, they can develop their own abilities and sentiments more effectively. Therefore, the "primary school" of early childhood education is not good for children's growth, and it will shrink children's vast development space into a single, lifeless narrow space.
Children's growth and development will be threatened, and children's care and education are two crucial and interrelated things. Children's primary education ignores the care of children. Children sitting in the classroom for several hours every day will easily lead to children's fatigue, seriously hinder the development of children's bones, vision and other functions, and easily lead to the potential crisis of children's physical development. The formation and development of children's personality and sociality will be bound, and the thinking personality of children aged 3-6 is in an amorphous, most active and brand-new state. If contained at this time, it will affect the cultivation of children's character and cultivate the same examination machine. In the initial stage of the sociology of kindergarten children, "primary school" confined children to small classrooms, but strict regulations prevented them from normal communication and communication, which would lead them to a withdrawn and autistic state. Children's intellectual development will be restricted, and their thinking in early childhood mainly depends on appearances. Therefore, children need to use their sensory organs to contact physical objects and gain a lot of perceptual experience, thus promoting their intellectual development. However, under the "primary school" system, children are confined to uninteresting arithmetic and spelling, and their curiosity about foreign novelty will gradually be worn away, their expectations of contact with things may become lower and lower, their thinking will gradually become rigid, and children are right.
Fourth, the idea of solving the problem of "primary school" in early childhood education
1. Strengthen kindergarten management and intensify supervision and evaluation. Give full play to government functions and increase support for kindergartens. The management of kindergarten teachers should be institutionalized, and kindergarten teachers should be organized for irregular inspection and training in a planned and purposeful way. Encourage some men to enter the preschool education army through policies, enrich the preschool education team and introduce professional preschool education teachers.
2. The society recognizes kindergarten teachers. A scholar dies for a confidant, and preschool education is a part of society. If they can be recognized by the society, their psychological pressure will be relatively reduced and they will be more enthusiastic about this profession. Moreover, because the society has given preschool teachers recognition, that is, the mission of preschool teachers is open, it can also play a certain role in public opinion supervision, which is conducive to effectively improving their personal quality and enhancing their sense of responsibility.
3. Change parents' incorrect educational values. Parents are the guides for children's growth. Most children want to be good children of their parents and win their praise. Only by giving their children a relaxed environment can parents reduce the pressure from the outside world, which will be more conducive to their natural development and leave them with an opportunity to create happy childhood memories.
4. Kindergartens should design corresponding courses to adapt to children's physical and mental development according to the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education stipulates that kindergartens should provide healthy and rich living and activity environments for children, meet their various development needs, and make them gain experiences beneficial to their physical and mental development in a happy childhood.