With the passage of time, the concept of career planning has changed a lot. In 1970s, occupation refers to all aspects of personal life and work. Later, many new meanings were incorporated? Career? This concept even includes all aspects of personal, collective and economic life. Whether a person is successful, whether he can be recognized by all people and society, and get corresponding returns from society depends on his contribution to society and its significance to society. In other words, whether a person is successful in his career depends on whether he can develop and realize himself in his chosen job, and then enjoy his chosen lifestyle.

Occupation is an important part of a person's life, which determines a person's income, living standard, social status, personal value and satisfaction with life, and then determines whether his life is successful. Such an important thing in life is difficult to succeed without corresponding planning.

First, what is career planning

Simply put, career planning refers to a person's expectation and planning for the work he will be engaged in, the corresponding study and training, and the successive course of taking up his post. This plan includes a person's learning and growth goals, as well as his productive contribution and achievement expectation to a profession and organization. Personal career planning is not a simple concept, it is closely related to the family and society where individuals live. And it should be arranged according to the actual situation. Due to the uncertainty of the future, career planning also needs to establish appropriate flexibility. Although it is a plan, it is not static. At the same time, career planning is also the main part of personal life planning.

In other words, career planning is: what kind of industry, occupation and organization are you going to choose, what kind of achievements you want to achieve, what kind of life you want to live, and how to achieve your goals through study and work? Personal career design can provide excellent development planning for talents, make designers clear their life goals and improve themselves, so as to give full play to their abilities in their work. Facts have proved that many people have achieved nothing in their career, not because they lack knowledge and talent, but because they have not designed and obtained the most suitable career for their growth and development.

Second, the history and present situation of career planning at home and abroad

The origin of vocational education in China is still relatively early, but there is a long interruption in the middle, which is a pity. China was first proposed and implemented by Mr. Zhou Jimei of Tsinghua University in 19 16? Career planning? Relevant curriculum guidance may be the pioneering work of vocational education in China. 19 17 Wu, Liang Qichao and others initiated the establishment? China Vocational Education Institute? , to? No industry, no industry, no industry? For this purpose, in view of the reality that school education was out of touch with life, the professional structure changed, the supply and demand of manpower was unbalanced, and the concept of national vocational education was poor, career planning education was vigorously promoted. Career guidance is published in 19 18, and career guidance is published in 1923. 1924 is to promote the establishment of primary and secondary schools? Career guidance Committee? Or? Career guidance department? , establish? Professional tutor? Teams help students make career choices. But this is just a flash in the pan. After that, due to the war, social and other factors, the development of China in the field of career planning almost stagnated, greatly lagging behind foreign countries or overseas.

At present, a large number of foreign companies have developed career planning and design services according to everyone's personality. In the United States, 60% of employees hope to change jobs in the next 12 months; 80% of the respondents have lost interest in their current jobs. In Japan, at the end of each year, people will take the initiative to participate in personal assessment, have a clearer understanding of themselves and the work they can do, and judge their work direction and modify their career plans according to the test results. After nearly a century's development, the talent assessment examination has become scientific and authoritative in many countries, and it is engaged in occupations.

There are more and more institutions for career planning and design.

The education of students' career development and career planning in China didn't begin to learn and popularize the domestic frontier theory and practice until the end of last century and the beginning of this century. Theoretical research has just started, and it is in the stage of learning and exploration. In terms of theoretical development and localization, no ideal results have yet appeared. Therefore, it hinders further application and practice. The professional background of teachers engaged in related work is quite different. Only professional training programs such as career counseling and career counseling are offered in developed areas such as Shanghai and Beijing, and there is a lack of experienced supervisors. Generally speaking, the theory and practice of career planning in China are in the primary stage of learning, imitation and exploration, and the level of professional teachers is uneven. If we want to meet the growing career planning education and consultation, we need to accelerate the pace of development. In addition, because there is a considerable gap in the economic and educational development between China's coastal areas and the central and western regions, especially in the field of career planning education, how to promote exchanges and common development among regions and develop a * * * * career education theory and practice model is also a unique problem at present.

Thirdly, the analysis of the current situation of college students' career planning and design in China.

1. The demand of college students for career planning is quite different from the actual situation. According to the recent survey results, what are the students interested in? Career planning? Still a stranger In the survey, only 176 students are right? Career planning? Very good, this ratio is less than 10% of the total number of interviewees, and 34% of the students are right? Career planning? I don't know. I've never heard of it. Although, most of the students interviewed are right? Career planning? I don't understand, but they are right? Career planning? The recognition is still very high. 67.2% of the students surveyed think? Career planning? , very important; 19.2% of the students surveyed are right? Career planning? The importance of noncommittal; Only 4.2% of the students surveyed think? Career planning? It doesn't matter. More than 70% of the students (including graduate students) are in great need of guidance and help in career planning; Only 3% of the students surveyed think that there is no need for guidance and help in this area; Many college students, including graduate students, lack the guidance of career planning. Although some college students lack understanding of career planning, they have a strong demand for career development guidance. As a very important part of university education, vocational guidance should run through the whole process of university education, and vocational education should be carried out from the early stage of enrollment.

2. College students lack basic career planning guidance and are blind in employment. At present, the career planning guidance that college students come into contact with at school generally includes career development education activities organized by schools or departments, individual guidance from tutors, one-on-one guidance from counselors, and guidance from teachers and sisters. According to the survey data, nearly 40% students have never been exposed to career planning guidance, and even if they have been exposed to career planning guidance, most of them have only been guided by their teachers and sisters. Only 29.8% students have participated in professional development education activities organized by schools or departments.

Relatively speaking, with the growth of grade, seniors and graduate students get more career planning guidance in school, especially participating in career development education activities organized by schools or departments, accounting for 465,438+0.3% and 34.2% of the students interviewed in this grade respectively. When asked? When you come into contact with career planning education at school, more than half (53.6%) of the students interviewed are exposed to the employment information range and employment status of their major provided by the school, and the other contents are to cultivate their interest in this major (32.7%), promote the cultivation of self-awareness (27.0%) and establish a database of employers corresponding to this major. Provide services for students' internship and employment (2 1.6%), provide education and ability training for a certain professional psychology (17.7%), give specific guidance on job selection (14.3%), and train specific job selection skills (11)

College students rarely receive education in career development during their school days. Although many beneficial attempts have been made in the career development guidance work in the career development education service centers of various schools, there are still some problems such as small student scope and insufficient content, which can not meet the requirements of students of different grades for career development. This shows that there is still a lot of room for career development education, and students still have many such needs.

3. There is a big gap between college students' career ideals and the practical actions to realize them. Although college students know something about career planning, they also have the consciousness of making career plans initially, and many people have made their own career plans, but they have not unified their actions and plans and implemented them conscientiously. Of the 77.5% college students interviewed, only 24.6% think that they are very clear about the way to realize their ideals, and have already made preliminary plans; 26.9% of the students began to pay attention to the industry they wanted to find employment, and adjusted their development and planning according to their own understanding; There are 42.4% students who have never known the employment industry they want, but they are still very willing to have appropriate channels to understand it; There are also 22.6% students who have never considered this at all. In the survey, we found that 46.9% of the students have thought about the ways to realize their career ideals, but there is no specific implementation method.

4. College students don't know themselves clearly, and there are blind spots in career planning. The survey found that among the 232 1 college students interviewed, 35.0% were very familiar with their interests, personalities and specialties. 20.4% of the total are very familiar with their least favorite and favorite occupations; 16.3% are very familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of their career development; 165438+ 0.7% of the total, very familiar with the specific work content of your future career; 10.3% people are very clear about their career development plans in the next three to five years. When the problem level of career planning is further deepened, we find that the number of people is decreasing. College students are not very clear about their preferences, let alone design a career plan that suits them.

5. The content and scope of guidance provided by the school are lacking, and students' satisfaction is low. According to the survey, students are not only satisfied with the introduction of general career planning knowledge, but also satisfied with the deeply applicable career planning consultation. At present, the vocational guidance provided by universities for students is not sufficient and complete. In addition, 1 1.6% students have not participated in our school's employment guidance; 42.7% of the students have not participated in the course of career planning or related lectures or training related to recruitment interview skills and employment concept.

From the data point of view, what are the services and projects that college students urgently need from the school? Know what kind of personality characteristics you are and what kind of career you are suitable for. ( 33.6% ); ? Do you know what your major has to do with your career development? (29.7% ); ? Provide yourself with an internship in the industry you want to engage in? ( 15.7% ); ? Understand the policy and basic situation of school employment? (13.6%), it can be seen that the biggest demand of students in career planning is to understand? Me? 、? Yourself? And I want to know my ability, personality, interests, demands and values through scientific methods and professional means.

The survey shows that more than half of the students are interested in career assessment (55. 1%) and one-on-one consultation with experts (53.7%). Secondly, I want to know the relationship between study and future career, including objective conditions such as motivation and resistance factors, social and economic factors; Thirdly, I hope I can practice my future career when I was a student. In addition, the policies given by the social environment are also of great concern to students. However, most students (6 1. 1%) still hope to get relevant guidance, make clear their general goals and prepare for the required quality. 32.2% of the students said that it is not necessary to think about it so early, and that it is not too late to talk about it after graduation. In the survey, we also found that 6.7% of students still feel that their future is bleak and they are at a loss.

In many western countries, the major and direction are not restricted in the first two years of university. Students can take basic courses of various subjects, and senior students will consider choosing their major and direction when writing their graduation thesis. In China, restricted by the college entrance examination system, many people are blind in choosing their majors, which leads to many talents going the wrong way and choosing the wrong line. There are 2-4% students who don't report after entering the university, and most of them are dissatisfied with their majors, which has caused great waste of resources for the country, society and individuals. For students at school, how to choose a job has become a big problem. Many people still don't know what they can do, whether they are suitable for this major, what they should do as a job and what they should do as a career until they graduate. It is not uncommon for them to find jobs after graduation. In addition, because graduates are not interested in their major, there are many people who choose other directions for postgraduate entrance examination and examination.

All these phenomena bring us deep thinking. Under the current education, what kind of talent training orientation should universities give students? It should be noted that some students are not very clear about the situation and distribution of their majors when choosing their majors, and they are not clear about whether they can give full play to their majors. If necessary guidance is not given at this stage, their study of professional courses may be superficial and their professional ideas may not be consolidated.

Fourthly, the significance of developing students' career planning and design in colleges and universities.

It is very necessary to plan and design college students' career. Society gives individual members the right and freedom to choose the career they really want to do and can do better. This right to choose a job is bound to be restricted by the quality of employees and social needs. When planning and designing a career, individuals should try their best to start with a career that can give full play to their own advantages. College students are not deeply involved in the world, lack of experience, and the goal of choosing a job is unclear. In the face of various occupations, they often behave at a loss.

From the psychological point of view, although college students are in the transition stage from the middle and late youth to adulthood, their psychological development is not yet fully mature and they lack rich experience, but their psychological quality has developed comprehensively and completely, their psychological intelligence has developed to an unprecedented height, and their plasticity is strong, their personality has gradually formed stereotypes, their self-awareness requirements and abilities have been significantly enhanced, and they pay more attention to themselves. They can fully imagine and design their future work, career and career, and can realize it. Only by setting clear goals can people be motivated to work hard and actively create conditions to achieve their goals.