Analysis on the Development Status and Prospect of China Automobile Industry
Market segmentation, free flow of production factors, effective trade protection rate and economies of scale
After China's entry into WTO, China's automobile industry has made great progress in the face of the impact of international brand automobile enterprises and the substantial adjustment of import tariffs.
Great achievements have been made, but there are also problems such as too unified market segmentation and unreasonable product import and export structure. If you can develop your own brand and research and development in the future
With more efforts in new technologies, China is still expected to develop into an automobile industry center.
economy
introduce
China automobile industry has gone through three stages:
The first stage, from 1953 to 1978, belongs to China automobile industry.
Construction stage. All production and sales are organized by the state plan. For enterprises,
There is no market demand and competition mechanism.
The second stage is from 1979 to the 20th century.
The early 1990s was the growth stage of China automobile. The automobile industry in this period
Development is mainly to improve output and market allocation through technology introduction and construction and transformation.
The role of resource allocation is gradually enhanced.
The third stage, starting from China's entry into WTO in 2002, is China's automobile industry.
A new stage of development. China's accession to the WTO, opening up the domestic market and the world.
The large-scale entry of automobiles into China will undoubtedly form China's automobile industry.
Serious impact and threat; However, China's automobile industry developed in the past.
The exposed problems also need to be improved and solved urgently.
Problems left over from the history of China's automobile industry development and problems after China's entry into WTO.
New challenges in the future
One is the problem of industrial organization structure (that is, the composition and relationship of enterprises in the industry
Relationship). China's regional economic development is unbalanced, and some local governments adopt land.
Party protectionism makes enterprises in the industry less competitive. After China's accession to the WTO, China cities
The market is gradually in line with the world market, people's living standards have improved, and consumers' tastes have improved.
Also influenced by many foreign product advertisements, some internationally renowned brands prefer cars.
Good growth; Joint ventures have also become a powerful substitute for many Chinese enterprises.
Products, some domestic old car companies are insolvent and have a backlog of inventory.
The second is the problem of industrial spatial structure. There is agglomeration in industrial development.
Driven by the market mechanism,
All kinds of factors are concentrated in the central position, forming the industrial center, and then the industry.
The center drives the development of surrounding enterprises. China's automobile industry was formed in a planned way.
Economically, there is a lack of market regulation, and there is a phenomenon of market segmentation. Everything comes from self.
Considering the economic and political interests, we hope to develop the automobile industry.
Develop into one of its pillar industries, and set up various local protectionism and interference.
The market makes China have no industrial centers and core enterprises.
The third is the issue of economies of scale. The division of labor of enterprises in China is mostly product-oriented.
Division of labor, such as bus manufacturers, special vehicle manufacturers, etc. , zero
Parts manufacturers only produce around the supporting products of the main engine factory.
The factors of production flow less in different kinds of automobile production, which leads to certain
Efficiency and waste of resources.
The fourth is the industrial market structure. China's automobile exports are small, and
Mainly for labor-intensive products, some precision parts mainly rely on.
Mouth; The export volume of the whole vehicle is very small. At the same time, because China's technical investment is not now.
Sufficient, the joint venture has stronger growth ability. Multinational companies hope to use the name of joint ventures
China's market will be opened without tariffs, while China expects to "exchange the market for technology".
Surgery. "But today, some joint venture car companies that have been established for many years.
Core components are still completely dependent on imports.
The development status and reality of China automobile industry in recent years (2002 ~ 2008).
Syndrome analysis
Market segmentation. In 2007, except Shanxi, Guizhou and Tibet,
Apart from Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia, other provinces and cities have their own.
Own automobile industry system. Analysis Based on China Regional Statistical Yearbook
According to the data of 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, China automobile enterprises
Industry convergence, that is, the number of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) where products are distributed accounts for the whole.
The proportion of the total number of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) is still very high. 2007、2006、
In 2005 and 2002, it was 84%, and in 2004 it reached 90%. Because cars
Strong product homogeneity and great economic driving force. All local governments and departments
Implement the protection policy of regional closure. For example, only local dragons are allowed in Wuhan.
The Fukang cars produced by the company are used as taxis, but they are only allowed to be used in Shanghai.
Cars produced by Hai Volkswagen are used as taxis. Besides, by this group.
Due to the influence of interests and local interests, the level of specialization and cooperation in China is also very low.
SAIC and other large automobile production bases have established their own parts.
Department, the self-made rate is as high as 70 ~ 80%, which is very important for social auto parts manufacturers.
Xiao lai
At present, several well-developed automobile manufacturing areas in China are Jilin and Shanghai.
Automobile production in Shanghai, Guangdong, Hubei, Chongqing and Beijing in 2007.
It has reached 5 1.9% of the national total output, but their output is not much different.
About 700,000-800,000 vehicles, it can be said that these six regions are almost equally divided.
5 1.9% share, without forming a relative industrial center. such
On the surface, development can make every region have such "high-profit" products as cars.
Industry, but in fact, because each region has its own comparative advantage, some traffic.
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Editor/Xiao Jie
Convenient, some are rich in raw materials, some are rich in labor, and decentralized development is not.
This is not only a waste of local scarce resources, but also a waste of local rich resources.
Unfavorable. Because every unit of products produced will consume more local wealth.
Resources, as a supplement to scarce resources, will reduce the rich local resources.
Production efficiency makes abundant resources cheaper and scarce resources more expensive.
Analyzing the top ten domestic automobile brands, the top three are still joint ventures.
Industry, and China's own brands: Hongqi, Li Xia, Chery, etc. It's all behind five.
Instead of speeding up the domestic market, it is better to get a small amount of processing and assembly benefits from foreigners.
Enterprise cooperation, breaking geographical restrictions and pooling national resources, even if
Uneven distribution of profits, at least in the pockets of China people will not be left out in the cold.
China divided it up. In addition, since China joined the WTO, some coastal cities, especially Long.
In the triangle area, with the rapid development of economy and soaring prices, many multinational enterprises have to
Looking for low-cost labor, they have targeted the inland, and because of the household registration system,
Factors of production such as human resources cannot flow freely.
It restricts the rational allocation of resources and allows foreign-funded enterprises to use local resources.
Product import and export structure. After China joined the WTO, China Automobile
Import tariff will be reduced from 80 ~ 100% to 25% in 2005, and will be reduced year by year during this period.
The proportion is reduced. The tariff on auto parts dropped to 10% on average. 2009
Previously, the components that constitute the characteristics of the whole vehicle were imported, and the prices of imported components.
If the price accounts for more than 60% of the vehicle price, a tariff of 25% of the vehicle will be levied.
Tax rate taxation.
Based on the above data, the price of imported parts accounts for the whole vehicle.
For domestic enterprises with prices above 60%, the approximate effective protection rate is g = (t-AI× Ti)/
(1-ai) = (0.25-0.8× 0.25)/(1-0.8) = 25%, and the prices of imported parts are comprehensive.
The approximate effective protection rate of domestic enterprises accounts for less than 60% of the vehicle price.
g=(0.25-0.3×0. 1)/
(1-0.3) = 3 1.4% (where t is the name of consumer goods)
Yi tariff, ai refers to the proportion of the price of imported parts to the price of the whole vehicle without tariff.
Imported parts account for more than 60% of the total vehicle price.
80%, the price of imported parts accounts for less than 60% of the total vehicle price.
30%, ti is the nominal tariff on imported parts). Due to the import of spare parts
The effective protection rate of domestic enterprises whose comprehensive price accounts for less than 60% of the vehicle price.
G is higher, then this policy is actually to encourage joint ventures to improve localization.
Rate, protect domestic manufacturers using self-produced parts.
In June 5438+February 65438+May 2008, the WTO dispute settlement mechanism had the largest number of appellate bodies.
Finally, it was ruled that China's tax policy in the field of auto parts violated
WTO terms and China's WTO commitments. After the WTO ruled that the case was lost, in 2009,
On September 1 day, 2008, China implemented "the tariff for spare parts is 10%, and the tariff for the whole vehicle is 10%.
A differential tariff rate of 25% is applicable to the whole vehicle and parts. After the implementation of this measure,
For some joint ventures whose localization rate has not reached 40%, it is not just the closure of parts.
The tax revenue decreased by 15%, and the approximate effective protection rate G increased to 85%.
[(0.25-0.1× 0.8)/(1-0.8)], thus prompting the joint venture to invest a lot of money.
Imported parts will be assembled into parts to speed up production in China.
And the joint venture car assembled with large displacement spare parts may come out because of cost reduction.
The current price reduction will have a certain impact on imported high-end cars, but the key lies in
It is not conducive to the development of domestic parts.
Faced with this unfavorable situation, China can learn from some developed countries, especially
It is Japan that is more flexible and hidden by imposing some non-tariff barriers.
Protect the production of auto parts in China. For example, for production, sales
Tax on imported parts for sale, use or consumption; Discriminatory government can also be used.
Purchasing policy, bidding and purchasing must give priority to domestic products.
By analyzing the main imported automobile products in China from 2000 to 2008.
And the changes in the import and export volume of major export products, and found importers in China.
For large-displacement off-road vehicles and cars, high-tech parts, etc.
In addition, the import volume in 2008 increased compared with 2007, the largest of which
The import volume of displacement off-road vehicles increased by 64.7%, while China mainly exported.
Automobile products are all labor-intensive products: the wheels of unlisted vehicles and their
Compared with 2007, the export volume of spare parts in 2008 only increased by 1.2%. forcibly occupy
Compared with 2007, the export volume in 2008 also decreased by 4.9%, resulting in a large trade deficit.
With the cancellation of localization rate regulations, large-displacement gasoline off-road vehicles, gasoline
The import of tankers may be reduced, but cars use automatic shifting.
Imported boxes and parts, unlisted body parts and accessories (including cab)
The number will increase greatly. Some enterprises will adopt the policy of "global procurement", but
It may make China's manufacturing industry an empty shell, or it may weaken it.
The export value of automobile industry products declined.
Analysis on the Development Prospect of China Automobile Industry
After China's entry into WTO, China's automobile industry is facing the competition of international first-line brands.
The influence of competition is great, and in the face of international pressure, the adjustment of tariffs is also great, and it is ok.
Is it the development of China automobile industry or has made great achievements? 2.
China in 2008.
The total output of automobiles exceeds that of the United States, ranking second in the world, second only to Japan.
However, compared with the established world automobile industry centers such as the United States and Japan,
Although the total output of automobiles in China is high, the production is too scattered, depending on various regions.
Moreover, the competitiveness of all enterprises is not strong, and there is no enterprise or region.
The annual output of all enterprises exceeds one million, and the world output in 2008 has exceeded 100.
There are 17 enterprises, mainly distributed in Japan, the United States and Germany. Therefore, the steam in China.
The integration within the automobile industry needs more time. If enterprises can
Break the geographical restrictions and variety restrictions, make the factors of production fully flow, and make it reasonable.
Using the most abundant local resources and strengthening R&D investment will greatly increase the output.
Efficiency and output, to achieve economies of scale.
At the same time, China's automobile industry is still low-grade in processing, assembly and production.
Car-based, unable to enter the international high-end car market. Change the import and export structure,
With its own brand and independent intellectual property rights, China's automobile industry will have a country.
International competitiveness and a large number of export capabilities rely only on processing and assembly to produce low technology.
Parts, etc. In the rapid flow of international capital, it is easy to find a similar situation.
Substitute country.
At present, the trend of developing small-displacement and new-energy vehicles has made China gain a place.
The opportunity to compete on an equal footing with other big countries on the world stage is also China's independent development.
Brand, a good opportunity to develop new technologies, if we can seize the opportunity, plus internal industries.
I believe that the development of China into an automobile industry center is just around the corner.
Yes (