1, the difference between it and music
There are great differences in literary characteristics between poetic style and ci style. Let's illustrate the differences in literary characteristics between poetic style and ci style by comparison. First of all, the relationship between poetry and music is different. China's classical poetry had an indissoluble bond with music from the very beginning, but poetry eventually broke away from music, and only after breaking away from music did it become mature and prosperous. However, Ci originated from the soil of music, and musicality is the most basic feature of Ci-style literature. Even if the Southern Song Ci no longer completely entered the musical aria, but became a new rhythmic poem, it should still be filled according to the rhythm and tune stipulated in the Ci, and the brand of music cannot be erased.
2. Differences in external forms
The differences in external forms are manifested in sentence patterns, syntax, rhythm, duality and so on.
First of all, from the syntactic point of view, metrical poems are unified, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary; The sentence patterns of words are uneven, but the uneven aria of words is also stipulated by the meter; Secondly, the syntax of poetry is also very different, the metrical poetic style is relatively fixed, and the rhythm is 23 and 223; The syntax of words is flexible and diverse, and one word provokes people to travel thousands of miles; Third, the rhyme rules of poetry are different. Metric poems only use flat rhymes, rhyme to the end, rhyme every other sentence, and the first sentence can be suppressed or not; The word is flat, the rhyme can be changed in the middle and the rhyme foot can be changed, but it is stipulated by the meter; Finally, the antithesis rules of poetry are quite different. The second couplet and the third couplet of metrical poems must be antithetical, but if they are antithetical, they are much more flexible and have no unified requirements. If the foot is right, it can be right or wrong. catch sb's attention
3. Differences in theme and content
The theme and content of poetry are also very different. Poetry mainly focuses on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, the sufferings of people's livelihood, ambition and career ups and downs as the main contents, mainly expressing the feelings of social groups; A striking feature of Ci's theme content is that it mainly describes the difference between men and women and lovesickness, and mostly expresses the author's personal feelings.
4. Differences in language features
Poetry is a typical language art, and Ci is a typical exquisite language art. Mr. Miao Yue once compared the language features of poetry to the elegant gardens of literati and celebrities. It can be seen that because the theme of the word is mostly related to women, the language of the word is also feminine, more light, delicate, delicate and fragrant.
5. Style differences
The differences in poetic styles are briefly summarized as poetic rhyme (Li language in Qing Dynasty), and even works with the same theme and content present completely different styles; And the poetry works of the same writer also present a completely different style. This has a lot to do with the differences in theme content and language characteristics of poetry.
Poetry pays attention to neat format and rhymes.
And the words are much more flexible.
Poetry: a literary style that reflects life and expresses emotions through rhythmic and rhythmic language.
In ancient China, unhappy people were called poems and happy people were called songs. In modern times, they are collectively called poetry.
Ci: body name, a verse form of poetry, developed from five-character poems, seven-character poems or folk songs.
It began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Originally, it was a poetic style sung by music, and the length of sentences varied with the tune.
So it is also called long and short sentences. There are two kinds of poems and slow words, which are generally divided into upper and lower parts.
-
Ci is a new literary form in the Tang Dynasty. Its rise is closely related to music, and many predecessors believe that it originated from ancient Yuefu, that is, the lyrics sung with music. Ci was first popular among the people and was called "Qu Zi Ci". In the Tang dynasty, because of the great achievements of poetry, words basically did not attract people's attention. It was not until the Song Dynasty that Ci, as an independent literary form, reached its peak and was said to be as famous as Tang poetry.
Although poetry and ci are both classical poems, ci is not the inheritance of poetry, because they have different origins and show different artistic characteristics in their development.
Poetry has more inherited the tradition of "expressing ambition through poetry". In the works of poets, poetry is a literary tool to express personal ideals and political pursuits. This is particularly prominent in Tang poetry. In Tang poetry, poets express more the pursuit and ambition of making contributions and serving the country, such as "Better to be a centurion than a scholar" and "Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and never returns without breaking Loulan". Or regret and loss when this wish is not realized, such as "but since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword and raise a glass to drown our sorrows" and "since God has given talent, let it be used!" , spin a thousand silver, all come back! " . Therefore, most of the poets' brushwork is WTO entry, with an open mind and lofty realm. In addition, its content is also very rich: there are bonfires and desert dust, as well as rural scenery and bamboo forests. Now, through pine trees, the moon and the chill at night make my ears feel the pure sound of wind and water; There are both national hatred and family worries of "a bonfire lasts for three months and a ton of gold comes from home"; There is also the tenderness of "new green in old bottles, red in static stoves"; There are both "the east wind is not convenient, and the bronze sparrow terrace locks the deep palace in Er Qiao" and "I am alone in tears today". In short, fame and fortune, in my heart forever's farewell, war, mourning, frontier fortress, personal sadness, etc. It can be said that all the themes in reality can be found in Tang poetry, which fully shows its rich life content and distinct personal feelings.
Since the late Tang Dynasty, there has been a form of vivid and free expression of "love affair". This form is a word.
Ci originated from the folk, and was first spread among musicians, singers and karaoke bars, and was less influenced by orthodox thoughts. Therefore, from the beginning, Ci has a different look from poetry. In terms of content, describe the joys and sorrows of men and women, or the parting of relatives. In style, it is easy to understand and become a pure melody. Although the style of folk songs is slightly different from that of later literati, the tone is the same. This is also the reason why predecessors called it "feeding on words" and "poetry". From the Five Dynasties to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, for a long time, Ci was regarded as a tool for literati to express their "affairs", which was not elegant.
What are the characteristics of words? Compared with poetry, writing is more convenient to express the poet's inner feelings and personal "private" feelings. Therefore, "poetry expresses ambition, and words express emotion" becomes the difference between words and poems, and "emotion" becomes the true face of words. This also determines that the artistic feature of ci is that the composition of "saying" is more than that of "painting".
When we say that the word "Shuo" is more than the element of "painting", we don't mean that the word pays attention to discussion, but that the artistic form of the word more prominently expresses a person's heart and is more convenient to express the poet's inner feelings, that is, poetry is more subtle and restrained, while words express feelings more directly.